ACB (formerly BASE object and services)
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- Agent Communications Broker—replaces the Base Object and Base services. Contains the Agent Manager and Monitor (AMM) services library (formerly APP object) and communicates with the Local Agent Communication Service (formerly SSIO) through inbound and outbound communication managers.
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ACD
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- Automatic Call Distribution — A system for automatically routing multiple calls coming in on a single phone number.
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ACDM
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- Automatic Call Distribution Messaging — When a message is delivered to a subscriber's mailbox from either the primary line or the ACD line, a request is sent out by the system to turn on the message waiting light on the subscribers primary line, as well as the subscriber's private ACD phone line.
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Administration
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Agent
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- An object or application that can be a server, a client, or both.
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AIN
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- Advanced Intelligent Network—a term promoted by Telcordia (Bellcore) to describe the telephone network. AIN is enabled by the SS7 protocol and is constantly evolving. The network is used to set up and tear down calls, as well as to provide "intelligent services" which affect the call.
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A-law
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- A companding technique commonly used in Europe. A-law is standardized as a 64-kilobit/second codec in ITU-T G.711.
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AMIS-A
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- Audio Messaging Interchange Specification (Analog) - A series of standards to address the problem of networking and inter-networking voice mail systems from different vendors. Voice mail systems integration.
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ANI
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- Answer Number Indication. The number of calling party.
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API
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- Application Programming Interface — A library of function calls (subroutines) that allows application developers to access a body of functionality in a uniform and consistent way.
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AMM (formerly APP) object)
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- Agent Manager and Monitor — The agent that starts applications, monitors applications in progress, connects to resources, and releases an application when its service is completed. AMM provides a way to get applications, such as messaging administration, on the network.
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Application Instance
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- A single execution of a particular application. Many application instances run simultaneously in the network.
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ASR
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- Automatic Speech Recognition—used to define a method of a computer recognizing human voice patterns that match a specific format or sound. This pattern is then matched against stored vocabularies to determine language pronunciation.
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Call Detail Record (CDR)
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- A term used to describe log records for calling services. This includes such information as where the call originated, what the start time was, who the call was made to, what time the call ended, etc.
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CAS
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- Channel Associated Signaling. In E1 applications, timeslot 16 is used to transmit CAS information. Each frame's timeslot 16 carries signaling information (ABCD bits) for two of the B channel timeslots.
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Central Message Store
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- Specialized free-form textual database used by the MTA to store received messages for all users with accounts on that MTA; the UA retrieves messages from the MS.
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CLEC
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- Competitive Local Exchange Carrier.
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CMA (formerly TNT object)
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- Call/Media Agent—replaces the TNT object. Provides call and media services, H.323 resource management, call channel resources, run-time control, and asynchronous support. Operates as a scarce resource module.
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CO
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- Central Office—a telephone company facility which connects subscriber lines to the switching equipment.
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Codec
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- Coder-Decoder—transforms analog voice into digital bit stream and vice-versa.
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COI
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- Community of Interest — Group of subscribers on a virtual uOne system.
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Companding
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- A contraction for compressing and expanding— the process of compressing the amplitude range of the signals for economical transmission, then expanding them to original size at the receiving end.
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Configuration
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- Setting parameters, attributes, and tunables to ensure the proper operation of hardware and software.
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COS
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- Class of Service — A grouping of otherwise unrelated subscribers, that is assigned a defined set of privileges and features.
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CPE
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- Customer premises equipment—Terminating equipment, such as terminals, telephones, and modems, supplied by the telephone company, installed at the customer sites, and connected to the telephone company network.
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DAP
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- Distributed Agent Platform—the middleware upon which all the agents, service libraries, LACS, as well as uOne and other applications, perform their functions. When referred to in a more generic context, it may also refer to the collective platform, including the components listed above, as well as the Gateway, Gatekeeper, and Backend servers.
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DID
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- Direct Inward Dial—a service of a LEC that provides a block of telephone numbers for calling into a company's PBX. Using DID, a company can offer its customers individual phone numbers for each person or workstation within the company without requiring a physical line into the PBX for each possible connection.
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Directory Server
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- Stores COS data, subscriber profile data, authentication information, and application specific data. Currently, the LDAP protocol is supported. See Backend Servers.
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DNIS
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- Dialed Number Identification Service. A feature of 800 and 900 lines that provides the number the caller dialed. DNIS allows one trunk group to service multiple applications, thus requiring fewer phone lines. For example, you could give one 800 number to callers in New York, one to callers in Chicago, and one to callers in LA. With DNIS, one trunk could be used to answer all those calls, playing a different, customized recording for each number called.
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DNS
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- Domain Name Server. A computer that translates domain names into IP addresses.
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Domain
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- A group of nodes managed by a single DNS server.
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DS-0
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- A 64 Kbit/sec phone line. On a T-1 line interface, there are 24 DS-0s.
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DSP
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- Digital Signal Processor.
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DTMF
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- Dual Tone Multi Frequency: The paired, high- and low-frequency tones which make up touch tone dialing
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H.225
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- Media stream packetization and synchronization for visual telephone on a non-guaranteed quality of service LANs.
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H.245
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- Reliable channel that carries control messages governing operation of the H.323 entity, including capabilities exchange, opening and closing of logical channels, preference requests, flow control messages, and general commands and indications.
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H.323
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- Recommendation from the ITU that sets standards for multimedia communications over IP networks. It also addresses call control, multimedia management, and bandwidth management.
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H.450
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- A series of supplementary services for H.323, including call transfer and call diversion.
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Hunt Group
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- A series of telephone lines organized in such a way that if the first line is busy, the next line in sequence will be accessed. This continues until an available line is found.
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ILEC
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- Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier—An ILEC (incumbent local exchange carrier) is a telephone company in the U.S. that was providing local service prior to the Telecommunications Act of 1996.
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IMAP
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- Internet Message Access Protocol - UNIX server protocol allowing users to scan message headers, download selected messages, and administer e-mail folders. (See Backend Server).
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ISDN
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- Integrated Services Digital Network. ISDN is a communications protocol, offered by telephone companies, that permits telephone networks to carry data, voice, and other traffic.
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ISP
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- Internet Service Provider
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ITU-T
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- International Telecommunications Union — Established by the United Nations, with membership from virtually every world government. Three primary goals are: defining and adopting telecommunications standards; regulating use of the radio frequency spectrum; and furthering world-wide telecommunications development.
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IVR
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- Integrated voice response. Consists of simple voice prompting and digit collection to authenticate user and identify call destination.
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LACS (formerly SSIO)
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- Local Agent Communication Service—an internal form of communication that allows an object's Client, Logging, Responsibility, and Server Subsystems to communicate with each other. The subsystems pass pre-defined messages through the LACS, which switches and queues messages between the subsystems.
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LDAP
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- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol — an emerging software protocol for enabling anyone to locate organizations, individuals, and other resources such as files and devices in a network, whether on the Internet or on a corporate intranet. LDAP is a "lightweight" (smaller amount of code) version of DAP (Directory Access Protocol), which is part of X.500, a standard for directory services in a network.
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LEC
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- Local Exchange Carrier.
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LIP
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- Lightweight Internet Person.
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Local Message Store
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- Used by a UA program to hold messages for the user(s) of that US. Usually organized into folders managed by the user, and typically located (physically) on the computer running the UA.
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LACS (formerly SSIO)
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- Local Agent Communication Service—an internal form of communication that allows an object's Client, Logging, Responsibility, and Server Subsystems to communicate with each other. The subsystems pass pre-defined messages through the LACS, which switches and queues messages between the subsystems.
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Logging Subsystem
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- The portion of an object that is responsible for log-message disposition processing. The Logging Subsystem handles remote message transmission, message storage, and fault recovery. Messages can be stored in local escalation files or on the network (in a relational database).
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LogRemover
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- An application that periodically purges specified files from the access servers according to sets of rules.
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Maintenance
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Messaging Server
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- The storage location for all forms of messages in a Distributed Agents Platform (DAP). Currently, the IMAP and SMTP protocols are supported.
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MGCP
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- Media Gateway Control Protocol—Protocol that helps bridge the gap between circuit-switched and IP networks. A combination of Internet Protocol Device Control (IPDC) and Simple Gateway Control Protocol (SGCP). MGCP allows external control and management of data communications devices, or "media gateways" at the edge of multiservice packet networks by software programs.
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MIB
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- Management Information Base - A directory of logical names of information resources residing in a network and pertaining to the network's management.
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MIBII (or MIB-2)
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- Refers to a broader number of monitoring objects supported within RFC 1213.
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MIME
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- Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension - A set of extensions to the SMTP message syntax allowing various file types to be attached to text mail. MIME also defines support for a rich text format (NOT Microsoft RTF). See Uuencode.
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Monitoring
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MTA
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- Message Transfer Agent. The internal component of an e-mail delivery system, responsible for mail collection from and distribution to UAs, and relay of mail between e-mail post offices. Also called e-mail server.
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Mu-law
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- The PCM voice coding and companding standard used in Japan and North America. A PCM algorithm yielding a raw 64-kbps transmission rate.
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MWI
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- Message Waiting Indicator. Indicates that there is a message waiting somewhere for the owner of the phone. The indicator may be a light on the phone or stutter dial tone.
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MWI_Notify
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- An application that receives notification records from MWI_PassOff and sends these records via SSIO to MWI_OnOff. (See Notification Access Server)
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MWI_OnOff
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- An application that turns on, but not off, the Message Waiting Indicators (such as MWI lights on a telephone and stutter dial tone) or sends a notification page. (The "Off" is in the name for historical reasons.) (See Notification Access Server)
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MWI_PassOff
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- An application that receives notification records for e-mail, voice, and fax messages from MWI_PlugIn via a FIFO and sends these records to MWI_Notify via a TCP connection.
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MWI_PlugIn
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- A library used to create a notification record for each e-mail, voice, or fax message for each recipient of the message, and sends the notification records to MWI_PassOff.
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Paging Server
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- Routes pages for a subscriber to the appropriate paging service provider so that the subscriber is paged. Cisco currently supports the SNPP paging protocol (See uOne Backend Servers Reference Manual).
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Parameter
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- That which is bound to a value and affects the operation of objects and API calls. Certain attributes can affect all objects or all objects of a certain object type. In addition, there are attributes that affect all API calls or all API calls of a certain type. An attribute has a default value which can be changed via an attribute setting.
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PBX
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- Private Branch Exchange. Privately-owned central switching office.
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Personal Access (formerly SNA)
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- Allows uOne subscribers to have a single number for logging into the system as well as for receiving incoming phone calls and messages.
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PMA (formerly SAWI)
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- Personal Messaging Administration. Used for adding subscriber attribute information (Formerly known as SAWI.)
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POP3
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- Post Office Protocol version 3. The most common protocol used by UAs to retrieve mail from the host MS. Most commercial Internet Mail post office products include a POP3 server.
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POTS
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- Plain Old Telephone Service. Basic telephone service supplying standard single line telephones, telephone lines, and access to the Public Switched Telephone Network.
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PRA
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- Primary Rate Access. A Canadian term synonymous with ISDN PRI.
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Provisioning
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PRI
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- Primary Rate Interface. PRI is an ISDN interface to primary rate access. Primary rate access consists of a single 64 Kbps D channel plus 23 T1 or 30 E1 B channels for voice or data.
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PSTN
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- Public Switched Telephone Network. PSTN refers to the local telephone company.
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RAS
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- Registration, Admission, Status
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RDNIS
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- Redirected Dialed Number Identification Service. A number that originates as a DNIS but is redirected in the call process when uOne accepts the call. RDNIS is usually a person's desk phone number and DNIS is the uOne number.
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Robbed Bit Signaling
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- A T1 protocol using A and B bits for passing signaling information in-band to and from each side of the T1, where the bits are buried in the voice data of each voice channel. Signaling is limited to ringing, hang up, wink, and pulse digit dialing. ISDN offers more rich signaling features, utilizing common channel signaling.
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Resident Subsystem
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- Critical subsystems of an object, including:
- Server
- Client
- Logging
- Responsibility
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Responsibility Subsystem
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- The portion of an object that provides the services for that object. The Responsibility Subsystem contains the code that makes each object unique. For example, the telecom object contains code that allows it to service telephone calls. The telecom object's Responsibility Subsystem contains code to implement the telephony services defined in the telecom public API calls.
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RPC
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- Remote Procedure Call—An external form of communication that allows objects to communicate with each other over the network. The RPC programming interface is built into each server's Client and Server subsystems to provide external communication among servers.
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RSVP
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- IETF specification that allows applications to request dedicated bandwidth.
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RTP/RTCP
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- Real Time Protocol/Real Time Control Protocol. IETF specification for audio and video signaling management. Allows applications to synchronize and spoil audio and video information. RTP connections are established between DAP servers across the Internet after voice has been converted to IP format.
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RTSP
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- Real Time Streaming Protocol. Proposed standard for controlling streaming data over the World Wide Web.
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S.100
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- An industry standard architecture and API methodology providing Computer Telephony Functionality.
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SAWI
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- Obsolete term; replaced by PMA.
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Scarce Resource Model
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- An architectural model that embodies efficient utilization of expensive computing resources in system.
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Server
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- A computer program that provides services to other computer programs in the same computer or in other computers. The computer that a server program runs in is often called a server, even though that computer may contain a number of server and client programs.
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SGCP
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- Simple Gateway Control Protocol. A UDP based protocol for managing endpoints and connections between endpoints. The call agent uses SGCP to control the gateways.
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SIP
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- Session Initialization Protocol. Offers many of the same architectural features as H.323, but relies on IP-specific technologies, such as DNS. It also incorporates the concept of fixed port numbers for all devices and allows for the use of proxy servers.
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SMDI
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- Simplified Message Desk Interface. An out of band communications channel over which Voice Messaging information is passed from an adjunct (switch, voice bridge, etc.) to a DS0 such as an CMA or a phone. SMSI data includes ANI, DNIS, RDNIS, call type (for ward, direct, etc.), and Message Waiting Indication (MWI) information. Currently SMSI is dealt within the CMA by an SMSI resource which sends and receives data over an SMDI link. This link is an RS232 connection on COM1. Thus the SMSI resource receives and sends data over the SMSI link allowing the telecom resource access to the data listed earlier.
- SMSI and SMDI are interchangeable terms, meeting BellCore specification TR-NWT-000283 (SMDI, Generic Performance Requirements and Generic Requirements).
- See SMSI.
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SMPP
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- Short Message Peer-to-Peer. A protocol utilized widely by wireless providers. This protocol is used as the input method into wireless systems for SMS messages.
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SMS
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- Short Messaging Services. A generic term for a wide array of services which provide "short" text and/or graphical messaging with wireless devices.
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SMSI
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- Simplified Message Station Interface
- See SMDI
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SMTP
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- Simple Mail Transport Protocol. Application-level protocol involved with the transmission and reception of electronic mail. An SMTP server (or daemon) is the software which implements the protocol.
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SNMP
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- Simple Network Management Protocol. The Internet standard protocol developed to manage nodes on an IP network.
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SNPP
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- Simple Network Paging Protocol. The Internet standard protocol developed to manage nodes on an IP network.hic
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SNR
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- Single Number Reach. Allows uOne to attempt to find a subscriber by ringing multiple phone numbers. This is transparent to the caller.
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SS7
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- Signaling System 7. The protocol used to communicate between components of the AIN. The SS7 protocol is used to set up and tear down phone calls as well as to enable "intelligent" services. The SS7 network is a completely physically separate network from the phone network used to transmit voice data.
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Streaming
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- Playing sound or video in real time as it is downloaded over the Internet as opposed to storing it in a local file first and then playing the sound or video. Cisco currently supports Real Audio for streaming audio.
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Switch
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- Any kind of telephone switching system. A switch is a software-controlled processor complex that interprets dialing pulses, tones, and keyboard characters and makes the proper interconnections within the system and external to the system. A switch provides voice/data communications services, including access to public and private networks, for telephones and data terminals on a customer's premises.
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T1
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- Digital WAN carrier facility. T1 transmits DS-1 formatted data at 1.544 Mbps through the telephone-switching network, using AMI or B8ZS coding. T1 is the North American equivalent of an E1 line.
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TAP/IXO
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- Telocator Access Protocol. A one-way protocol that allows a paging server to talk to a pool of modems and make a paging request to the paging service provider.
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TCL
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- Tool command language.
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Telecom Object (TEL)
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- Obsolete term; See CMA
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TIFF
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- Tag Image File Format.
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TNPP
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- Telocator Network Paging Protocol. A protocol used to send paging messages from terminal to terminal on LANs and WANs over a wire circuit.
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Token
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- A string which either resides in a column of a table or is specified as a value to search for in a column of a table. When searching the following token matching rule applies: two tokens match if, once the longer token string is truncated to the same length as the shorter token string, the resulting strings are identical.
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Trap
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- A mechanism that is part of the DAP SNMP system which allows middleware components to automatically send alarms for certain events to the SNMP server. For instance, a trap is commonly sent when a middleware process terminates unexpectedly.
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TTS
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- Text-to-speech. Term used to describe the comversion of text strings into human sounding wave forms to be delivered for consumption by the human ear.
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