Table of Contents
Preparing Your Site
This chapter describes requirements and considerations related to the installation site and contains the following sections:
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Note Refer to the Cisco ICS 7750 Hardware Installation Guide for complete installation instructions. |
Before you begin to set up and cable your new system, refer to these guidelines:
- Place the system in a stable area free of excess movement and jarring.
- Install the system safely and keep the cables and cords out of the way.
- Make sure that the setup is comfortable for users.
- Allow room for proper cooling air flow.
- Place the system where it can be easily serviced (front and rear).
- Place the system in an area free of excess heat, dust, smoke, and electrostatic discharge (ESD).
It is essential to properly cool all of the equipment used in a rack-mounted system. The components of the system require an input air temperature below 40ºC (104ºF).
Four internal, DC-powered fans cool the system's drives, cards, and power supplies in the front of the chassis. The fans are housed in a front-accessible fan tray.
To ensure adequate cooling:
- Provide at least 3 inches of space at the front and back of the system
- Ensure that all panels are in place
- Fill or cover all card slots with blank panels
To avoid hazards associated with uneven mechanical loading of the rack, plan your installation so that the weight of the equipment is evenly distributed in the rack. Where possible (within the limitations of equipment and cabling), mount the heaviest units near the bottom of the rack.
The floor of the equipment room (the room where you intend to install the system) must support the combined weight of the system and all of the other equipment located in the equipment room. Consider the following information when choosing flooring:
- The total weight of the system chassis and peripherals (such as backup power devices and switches)
- The total weight of the support equipment (such as desks and file cabinets)
- Anticipated future additions or expansions
A correctly installed electrical system helps ensure personnel safety and reliable performance. This section provides an overview of the system's power and grounding requirements.
Power for the rack system must come from a dedicated circuit breaker. Do not plug any other electrical device into an outlet connected to the circuit breaker serving the rack equipment.
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Caution Data loss can occur if the circuit is overloaded and the circuit breaker trips. |
Make sure circuit breakers furnishing power to the system are the correct size to protect the system. Verify that all receptacles are wired for 3-wire power distribution (hot, neutral, and ground).
All power receptacles servicing any equipment that is directly cable-connected to the system must have a single, common grounding point. The unshielded (ground) wire must be at true ground potential with a resistance (measured at the power panel bus) of 5 ohms or less between the bus bar and earth.
Power disruptions occur for a number of reasons, including faulty wiring, acts of nature, and power company outages. You need to plan your system installation so that equipment is protected from three types of power problems:
Consider the following guidelines when planning for and installing electrical equipment:
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Note For additional information about backup power, see "Redundant Power" later in this chapter. For information about installing and using backup power systems with the Cisco ICS 7750, refer to the Cisco ICS 7750 Hardware Installation Guide, the User's Manual APC Smart-UPS, and the Cisco Redundant Power System 300 Hardware Installation Guide. |
Because power problems can vary in scale, careful planning is required to protect your system. Simple power problems include dislodged power cords, tripped circuit breakers, and local power supply failures.
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Note You can take precautions against problems such as dislodged power cords, but these fall outside the scope of this publication. This section focuses on issues related to planning for large power outages. |
General power outages are usually more common than failures in a particular device's power system. Because some network topologies place key network applications in a centralized, corporate location, a large-scale power failure could result in lost revenue for every minute your network is downparticularly if your network carries voice and data traffic.
If power fails at a remote site, all connections to that remote site will be terminated unless otherwise protected. Generally, power failures in a remote office are more serious when network services are widely distributed. To protect against such failures, consider connecting one power system to the local power grid and the other to a UPS.
You can minimize the effect of local power failures with prudent network planning. Wherever possible, deploy redundant components so that they use power supplied by different circuits and are physically separated. For example, if you deploy redundant routers, position these routers in wiring closets on different floors. (See Figure 2-1.) By stationing redundant components in this way, you can prevent local wiring closet power problems from affecting the capability of all stations on a given floor to communicate.
Figure 2-1: Redundant Components on Different Floors

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Note To protect against local and site-wide power outages, some companies negotiate agreements with local power providers that give their company access to multiple power grids. Failure within one power grid does not affect the network if all critical components have access to multiple power grids. However, this arrangement is very expensiveyou should only consider it if your organization has substantial resources, extremely mission-critical operations, and a relatively high likelihood of power failures. |
When rack-mounting, mount the chassis with the supplied bolts to ensure that there is a good electrical connection between the bolts and the mounting surface.
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Caution Failure to observe proper grounding practices can result in noise, electrostatic discharge, and radio frequency interference (RFI) problems. |
The physical environment during storage, transport, and operation of the Cisco ICS 7750 must meet the requirements shown in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1: Cisco ICS 7750 Chassis Environmental Requirements
| Factor
| Requirement
|
Operating temperature range
| 32ºF to 104ºF (0ºC to 40ºC)
|
Nonoperating temperature range
| -4 to 149ºF (-20 to 65ºC)
|
Operating humidity
| 10 to 85% relative humidity (noncondensing)
|
Nonoperating humidity
| 5 to 95% relative humidity (noncondensing)
|
Operating altitude
| Up to 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
|
Nonoperating altitude
| Up to 15,000 ft (4570 m)
|
Air quality
| A noncorrosive, relatively dust-free environment
|
Do not store the system in an area subject to extreme variations in temperature or humidity. Extremely high and low temperatures can degrade system reliability. Low humidity can increase static electricity build-up, and high humidity can affect the performance of disks and printers.
Table 2-2 lists the maximum power consumption and heat dissipation for the operating ranges listed in Table 2-1.
In addition to temperature and humidity, the following environmental factors must be controlled in the area where the system is installed:
- Static electricity. Static discharge can damage circuitry permanently, interrupt system operation, and cause data to be lost. Static electricity can be caused by physical vibration, friction, separation of material, low humidity, carpeting, floor wax, and plastic-soled shoes. Use antistatic wrist straps, antistatic sprays, and floor mats, as appropriate.
- Vibration. Vibration can cause the slow deterioration of mechanical parts and, if severe, it can cause disk errors.
- Dust. Accumulated dust can scratch the contacts on cards, potentially resulting in intermittent failures; can increase the static electricity in the environment; and can cause components to operate at high temperatures.
- Lighting. Direct sunlight in the equipment room can cause devices with light sensors (such as disk units) to malfunction. Lighting must not be powered from the equipment room service panel.
- Structural features. Use sealed concrete, vinyl, or mastic tile for flooring and ensure that it meets the floor loading requirements.
Properly installing sprinkler heads, fire and smoke sensing devices, and other fire-extinguishing equipment requires expertise. During the planning stage, consult local codes, experts, insurance underwriters, and local building authorities. Regularly check services such as steam, water, and power and inspect pipes for excess condensation, leaks, or corrosion.
Observe the following general safety recommendations when installing and maintaining the Cisco ICS 7750:
- Never try to lift the chassis by yourself.
- Always unplug all power cords before installing or removing the chassis.
- Keep the chassis area clear and free of dust during and after installation.
- Keep tools and chassis components away from walk areas.
- Never wear loose clothing, jewelry (including rings and chains), or other items that could get caught in the chassis. Fasten your tie or scarf and roll up your sleeves.
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Note Refer to the Cisco ICS 7750 Hardware Installation Guide for comprehensive safety guidelines related to the installation and maintenance of the system. |
Follow these safety guidelines:
- Ensure that your footing is solid, and balance the weight of the chassis between your feet.
- Never move suddenly or twist your body as you lift. Lift the chassis slowly.
- Keep your back straight and lift with your legs, not your back. If you must bend down to lift the chassis, bend at the knees, not at the waist, to reduce the strain on your lower back muscles.
- Always disconnect all external cables before lifting or moving the chassis.
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Warning Two people are required to lift the chassis. Grasp the chassis underneath the lower edge and lift with both hands. To prevent injury, keep your back straight and lift with your legs, not your back. To prevent damage to the chassis and components, never attempt to lift the chassis with the handles on the power supplies or on the interface processors, or by the plastic panels on the front of the chassis. These handles were not designed to support the weight of the chassis. |
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Waarschuwing
| Er zijn twee mensen nodig om het frame op te tillen. Het frame dient onder de onderste rand vastgegrepen en met beide handen omhooggetild te worden. Om te voorkomen dat u letsel oploopt, dient u uw rug recht te houden en met behulp van uw benen, niet uw rug, te tillen. Om schade aan het frame en de onderdelen te voorkomen, mag u nooit proberen om het frame op te tillen aan de handvatten op de voedingen of op de interface-processors of aan de kunststof panelen aan de voorkant van het frame. Deze handvatten zijn niet ontworpen om het gewicht van het frame te dragen.
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Varoitus
| Asennuspohjan nostamiseen tarvitaan kaksi henkilöä. Ota ote asennuspohjan alareunasta ja nosta molemmin käsin. Pitäen selkäsi suorana nosta jalkojen (ei selän) avulla, jotta välttäisit loukkaantumista. Älä yritä nostaa asennuspohjaa virtalähteen tai liitäntäprosessorin kahvoista tai asennuspohjan etuosan muovipaneeleista, jotta estät asennuspohjan ja rakenneosien vaurioitumisen. Näitä kahvoja ei ole suunniteltu kestämään asennuspohjan painoa.
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Attention
| l faut deux personnes pour soulever le châssis. Le saisir par son rebord inférieur et soulever des deux mains. Pour éviter tout trauma de la région lombaire, garder le dos droit et soulever la charge en redressant les jambes. Pour éviter d'endommager le châssis et ses composants, ne jamais tenter de le soulever par les poignées des blocs d'alimentation ou des processeurs d'interface, ni par les panneaux en plastique à l'avant du châssis. Ces poignées ne sont pas prévues pour supporter le poids du châssis.
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Warnung
| Zum Anheben des Chassis werden zwei Personen benötigt. Fassen Sie das Chassis unterhalb der unteren Kante an und heben es mit beiden Händen an. Um Verletzungen zu vermeiden, ist der Rücken aufrecht zu halten und das Gewicht mit den Beinen, nicht mit dem Rücken, anzuheben. Um Schäden an Chassis und Bauteilen zu vermeiden, heben Sie das Chassis nie an den Kunststoffabdeckungen vorne am Chassis oder mit den Griffen am Netzgerät oder an den Schnittstellenprozessoren an. Diese Griffe sind nicht so konstruiert, daß sie das Gewicht des Chassis tragen könnten.
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Avvertenza
| Il telaio va sollevato da due persone. Afferrare il telaio al di sotto del bordo inferiore e sollevare con entrambe le mani. Per evitare infortuni, mantenere la schiena diritta e sollevare il peso con le gambe, non con la schiena. Per evitare danni al telaio ed ai componenti, non provare mai a sollevare il telaio tramite le maniglie sugli alimentatori o sui processori di interfaccia oppure tramite i pannelli in plastica sulla parte anteriore del telaio. Queste maniglie non sono state progettate per sostenere il peso del telaio.
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Advarsel
| Det er nødvendig med to personer for å løfte kabinettet. Ta tak i kabinettet under den nedre kanten, og løft med begge hender. Unngå personskade ved å holde ryggen rett og løfte med bena, ikke ryggen. Unngå skade på kabinettet og komponentene ved å aldri prøve å løfte kabinettet etter håndtakene på strømforsyningsenhetene, grensesnittprosessorene eller i plastpanelene foran på kabinettet. Disse håndtakene er ikke beregnet på å tåle vekten av kabinettet.
|
Aviso
| São necessárias duas pessoas para levantar o chassis. Agarre o chassis imediatamente abaixo da margem inferior, e levante-o com ambas as mãos. Para evitar lesões, mantenha as suas costas direitas e levante o peso com ambas as pernas, sem forçar as costas. Para prevenir danos no chassis e nos seus componentes, nunca tente levantá-lo pelas asas das unidades abastecedoras de energia, nem pelos processadores de interface, ou pelos painéis plásticos localizados na frente do chassis. Estas asas não foram criadas para suportar o peso do chassis.
|
¡Advertencia!
| Se necesitan dos personas para levantar el chasis. Sujete el chasis con las dos manos por debajo del borde inferior y levántelo. Para evitar lesiones, mantenga la espalda recta y levántelo con la fuerza de las piernas y no de la espalda. Para evitar daños al chasis y a sus componentes, no intente nunca levantar el chasis por las asas de las fuentes de alimentación o de los procesadores de interfase, ni por los paneles de plástico situados en el frontal del chasis. Las asas no han sido diseñadas para soportar el peso del chasis.
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Varning!
| Det krävs två personer för att lyfta chassit. Fatta tag i chassit under den nedre kanten och lyft med båda händerna. För att undvika skador skall du hålla ryggen rak och lyfta med benen, inte ryggen. Chassit och delarna kan skadas om du försöker lyfta chassit i handtagen på strömförsörjningsenheterna eller gränssnittsprocessorerna, eller i plastpanelerna på chassits framsida. Handtagen är inte konstruerade för att hålla chassits tyngd.
|
Follow these safety guidelines when working with any electrical equipment:
- Locate the emergency power-off switch for the room in which you are working before beginning any procedures requiring access to the chassis interior.
- Disconnect all power and external cables before installing or removing a chassis.
- Work with at least one other person when potentially hazardous conditions exist.
- Always verify that power has been disconnected from a circuit.
- Do not perform any action that creates a potential hazard to people or makes the equipment unsafe.
- Carefully examine your work area for possible hazards such as moist floors, ungrounded power extension cables, and missing safety grounds.
In addition, follow these guidelines when working with any equipment that is disconnected from a power source but still connected to telephone wiring or other network cabling:
- Do not work on the system or connect or disconnect cables during periods of lightning activity.
- Never install telephone jacks in wet locations unless the jack is specifically designed for wet locations.
- Never touch uninsulated telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line has been disconnected at the network interface.
- Always use caution when installing or modifying telephone lines.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) results from static discharge buildup on nonconductive surfaces when contact between the two surfaces is broken. A simple shock could be rated as high 35,000 volts (V). ESD as low as 100V can damage ESD-sensitive electronic equipment.
ESD damage, which occurs when electronic cards or components are handled improperly, can result in complete or intermittent failures. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and connectors are integral components of the user-replaceable cards for the Cisco ICS 7750.
Follow these guidelines to prevent ESD damage:
- Always use an ESD-preventive wrist or ankle strap and ensure that it makes good skin contact.
- When removing any card, connect your antistatic wrist strap to one of the captive installation screws on another installed card or power supply.
- Handle cards by the faceplates and edges only; avoid touching the printed circuit card and connector pins.
- Place any removed card component side up on an antistatic surface or in a static-shielding bag.
- Avoid contact between the cards and clothing. The wrist strap only protects the card from ESD voltages on the body; ESD voltages on clothing can still cause damage.
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Warning When handling a card, wear grounding wrist straps to avoid ESD damage to the card. |
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Caution To prevent electrical shock, do not directly touch the backplane with your hand or any metal tool. |
This section summarizes important considerations for planning the installation of power cords and cables.
The system chassis has two detachable AC power cords that you can plug in at the wall socket and the equipment. Place the chassis within 6 ft of the electric receptacle.
The Cisco ICS 7750 chassis, console, and some other peripherals use shielded cables. You can successfully use shielded cables for communication over extended distances. However, reliable communication over cables longer than 50 ft depends on electrical noise, correct ground potentials at termination points, and other variables.
Understanding and documenting the installed cable in your facility can assist you with planning for network scalability and availability and can also help you identify potential problems with your network.
While exploring the cabling design, consider the following issues:
- Labels. The extent and accuracy of the labeling on network equipment and cables affects your ability to implement and test enhancements to the network. Ensure that labels are easy to read and accessible.
- Cross-campus network connections. In a campus (multiple-building) environment, document the connections between buildings, including the number of pairs of wires and the type of wiring (or wireless technology) in use.
- Internal cabling. Within buildings, concentrate on locating telecommunications wiring closets, cross-connect rooms, and laboratories or computer rooms. Gather information about the type of cabling that runs between these types of facilities.
When planning cable installation, follow these guidelines:
- Do not run signal cables parallel to AC power cables if they are within 4 in. of each other.
- Do not install signal cables close to electric motors, power-line regulators, relays, or power supplies.
- Avoid laying signal cables close to air conditioners, copy machines, water coolers, and other similar equipment that generates power-line noise.
- Do not run signal cables near equipment that generates radio frequency interference, such as radio transmitters.
- Do not expose cables to moisture or heat. If you install signal cables outdoors, use a conduit or raceway to protect them from lightning and other weather.
- Allow for the presence of heavily traveled railroad tracks or highways, which can potentially disturb cables between buildings. Avoid construction or manufacturing areas where heavy equipment or digging could result in cable breakages.
- If cabling needs to cross a public street or property owned by other companies, consult with legal experts concerning right-of-way issues.
- Use shielded cable to ensure radio frequency compatibility.
- Use the shortest possible cable between system processing engine (SPE) cards and peripherals.
- To ensure maximum protection for equipment and operators, examine the protective grounds at each power outlet to make sure that they are adequate.
- Protect external interconnecting cables from physical damage without endangering users. Install the cables under a raised floor if possible.
- Avoid tight cable pulls against sharp edges.
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Caution To avoid damaging equipment or components during cabling, unplug all other devices in the system before you begin with the installation of any additional units. |
The size of your network and the distances between network interface connections depend in part on the following factors:
- Signal type
- Signal speed
- Transmission medium
The distance and rate limits referenced in the following sections are the IEEE-recommended maximum speeds and distances for signaling purposes. You should use this information as a guideline in planning your network connections.
The maximum distances for Ethernet and Fast Ethernet network segments and connections depend on the type of transmission cable being used. The terms 10BaseT and 100BaseT are standard abbreviations for the following:
- 10 Mbps transmission rate (10) or 100 Mbps transmission rate (100)
- Using baseband technology (Base)
- By means of twisted pair wires (T)
Table 2-3 shows the maximum transmission distances between stations for Ethernet and Fast Ethernet connections.
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Note If you intend to lay new cable, we recommend that you use Category 5 (100BaseT) or faster media that can continue to meet your organization's bandwidth requirements as they grow. |
There are two main types of fiber-optic cable:
- Single-mode (1000BaseLX). Small diameter (8 micron), laser-driven medium capable of delivering high speeds over great distances.
- Multi-mode (1000BaseSX). Large diameter (50 or 62.5 micron), LED-driven medium capable of delivering somewhat slower speeds over shorter distances.
The specifications for two of the most common types of single-mode, fiber-optic cable are shown in Table 2-4.
Table 2-4: Single-Mode Fiber-Optic Transmission Characteristics
| Fiber Type
| Throughput
| Transmitter Output Power
| Receiver Sensitivity
| Maximum Span
|
OC-3
| 155.52 Mbps
| -14 to -8 dBm
| -32.5 to -8 dBm
| 9 mi (14.5 km)
|
OC-12
| 622.08 Mbps
| -15 to -8 dBm
| -28 to -8 dBm
| 9 mi (14.5 km)
|
Serial signals travel a limited distance at any given baud ratethe slower the baud rate, the greater the distance that the signal can travel over the connection.
Table 2-5 shows the relationship between baud rate and distance for signals traveling over an Electronic Industries Alliance/Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA-232) serial connection.
To plan wire routing, establish the start and endpoint of each cable relative to the location of the terminal devices in the building, then examine the construction of the building to determine the best wiring routes. Consider the following guidelines when planning wire routing:
- Wires can run in the open along baseboards, ceiling mouldings, or door and window casings or concealed inside floor conduits that travel between distribution frames and jacks.
- National and local building codes specify the types of telephone wire that you can run in each type of ceiling.
- Cables that run vertically should run inside a wall, pole, or similar facility for vertical wire drops.
Cables can terminate at the following locations:
- The equipment room
- Intermediate distribution frames (typically on each floor in telephone utility closets)
- Wall jacks or terminal boxes (located near terminal devices)
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Tips Always keep a record of all termination point information. |
As with any electrical or electronic equipment, electromagnetic interference (EMI) can be created by the operation of the equipment and the equipment may be susceptible to EMI.
Protect the equipment against EMI to help ensure correct operation of the system. There should not be any X-ray equipment, hand-held transceivers, or microwave, radio, or television transmitters in the equipment room.
Strong EMI, especially when caused by lightning or nearby radio transmitters, can destroy the cards or other components in the Cisco ICS 7750 and even create an electrical hazard by conducting power surges through power lines into installed equipment.
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Note To prevent or remedy interference problems, you may need to consult electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) experts. |
If signal wires exceed recommended cabling distances, or if signal wires pass between buildings, you should give special consideration to the effect that a lightning strike in your vicinity might have on electrical equipment.
The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) generated by lightning or other high-energy phenomena can drive enough energy into conductors to damage or destroy electronic equipment. If you have experienced such problems, you should consult with EMC experts to ensure that you have adequate electrical surge suppression and shielding of signal cables in your Cisco ICS 7750 operating environment.
Table 2-6 lists the site planning activities that you should perform before you install the Cisco ICS 7750.
Table 2-6: Site Planning Tasks
| Task No.
| Planning Activity
| Verified By
| Date
| Time
|
1
| Space evaluation:
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| - Space and layout
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| - Floor covering
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| - Impact and vibration
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| - Lighting
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| - Maintenance access
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2
| Environmental evaluation:
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| - Ambient temperature
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| - Humidity
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| - Altitude
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| - Atmospheric contamination
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| - Airflow
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3
| Power evaluation:
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|
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| - Input power type
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|
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| - Receptacle proximity to the equipment
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|
| - Dedicated (separate) circuits for redundant power supplies
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| - UPS for power failures
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4
| Grounding evaluation:
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| - Circuit breaker size
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5
| Cable and interface equipment evaluation:
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|
|
| - Cable type
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| - Connector type
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|
|
| - Cable distance limitations
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|
| - Interface equipment (transceivers)
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6
| EMI evaluation:
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|
|
|
| - Distance limitations for signaling
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|
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| - Site wiring
|
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|
|
| - RFI levels
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Posted: Mon Oct 2 13:24:42 PDT 2000
Copyright 1989-2000©Cisco Systems Inc.