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This feature module describes how to configure a Cisco 7200 series router to function as a Gateway General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Node (GGSN). It includes information about the benefits of GPRS, supported platforms, and related documents. It also includes important configuration and command reference information.
This document includes the following sections:
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Note The GPRS Release 1.4 feature documentation includes Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) configuration commands in the "SGSN Commands" section. These commands are for certain operator-specific SGSN implementations only. These commands are not to be used for any other type of standard, SGSN-related configuration, or to configure any GGSN services. |
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is defined and standardized by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). GPRS is an IP packet-based data service for Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks.
GPRS introduces the following two new major network elements:
Figure 1 provides a view of the basic GPRS network components.
The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is a wireless gateway that allows mobile cell phone users to access the public data network (PDN) or specified private IP networks. User sessions are connected from a mobile station to a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), which connects to a Base Station Controller (BSC). The combined functions of the BTS and BSC are referred to as the Base Station Subsystem (BSS). From there, the SGSN provides access to the GGSN, which serves as the gateway to the data network.
Multiple SGSNs and GGSNs within a GPRS network are referred to collectively as GPRS Support Nodes (GSNs). The connection between the SGSN and the GGSN is enabled through a protocol called the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP). The connection between the GGSN and the PDN is enabled through the Internet Protocol (IP).
To assign mobile user sessions an IP address, the GGSN uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). The GGSN can use a RADIUS server to authorize and authenticate the remote users. DHCP and RADIUS services can be specified at the global configuration level (using GPRS DHCP and RADIUS commands), or for each access point configured on the GGSN.
To facilitate configuration of connections between the GGSN and the PDN, the Cisco IOS software uses an interface called a virtual template. A virtual template is a logical interface on the router. The configuration for a logical interface is not tied directly to a specific interface, but it can be associated dynamically with a physical interface.
Cisco Systems' GPRS implementation uses a configuration element called an access point. An access point is a logical interface that is associated with a virtual template. Using the gprs access-point-list command, access points can be associated with a specified virtual template.
Each access-point list contains one or more access points. To enter access-point configuration, you use the access-point command. GPRS commands at the access-point configuration level control how users access the network through the access point. For more detailed information on access-point configuration, refer to the "Configuring Access Points" section.
Standards
GPRS Release 1.4 supports the following ETSI standards:
The GPRS Gn interface complies with SMG#31 R97, and the Ga interface complies with SMG#29 R98 (12.15 v7.1.0).
MIBs
For descriptions of supported MIBs and how to use MIBs, see the Cisco MIB web site on CCO at http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/netmgmt/cmtk/mibs.shtml.
RFCs
None.
Planning Your Access Point Configuration
Before you begin to configure the GGSN on your router, you should know which networks your mobile users will be allowed to access using the GGSN. Once you know the networks that need to be accessed by your mobile users, you can plan the physical interfaces to configure on the router for those networks. Then you can plan the associated access points to those networks and configure them on the GGSN.
For example, you might want to provide user access to the World Wide Web through a PDN plus access to two private corporate intranets. In this case, you need to set up three access points—one to enable user access to the PDN, and one for each private intranet.
See the following sections for information about the tasks to configure the GPRS feature. The list indicates whether each task is optional or required.
To configure the GGSN, issue the following commands beginning in global configuration mode:
| Command | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|
Step 1 | router(config)#service gprs ggsn | Specifies that the router functions as a GGSN. |
Step 2 | router(config)#interface virtual-template number | Creates a virtual template interface, where number identifies the virtual template interface. This command enters you into interface configuration mode. |
Step 3 | router(config-if)#encapsulation gtp | Specifies that the router uses the GTP protocol to communicate with the SGSN. |
In addition to these commands, the GPRS feature supports several optional commands that you can use to customize the GPRS and GTP configuration. If you do not want to customize the GGSN further, then the default values for the optional commands usually allow you to successfully configure the GGSN. These commands are described in detail in the "Command Reference" section.
This needs to be enhanced. Provide tasks that detail how to customize the GGSN.
echo, charging--recommend using defaults. aggregation limit for charging
To communicate with the SGSN, you can use static routes or a routing protocol, such as OSPF. The following steps show how to configure a static route from a physical interface on the GGSN to the SGSN.
To configure a static route from a GGSN interface to the SGSN, issue the following commands beginning in global configuration mode:
| Command | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|
Step 1 | router(config)#interface type slot/port | Defines a physical interface on the GGSN, where type is usually FastEthernet. |
Step 2 | router(config)#interface virtual-template number | Creates a virtual template interface, where number identifies the virtual template interface. This command enters you into interface configuration mode. |
Step 3 | router(config-if)#encapsulation gtp | Specifies that the router uses the GTP protocol to communicate with the SGSN. |
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Note If you enable fast switching for the GTP protocol or for a virtual template (using the gprs fastswitching command), be sure that you also enable fast switching on each physical interface that a mobile station uses to access the GTP or the virtual template. To enable fast switching on a physical interface, use the ip route-cache command. Note also that if you enable fast switching on an SGSN, you should enable fast switching on the GGSNs with which the SGSN communicates. |
The following example shows the configuration for a physical interface that is used to connect to the PDN:
! interface to communicate with the PDN interface FastEthernet1/0 ip address 4.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 no ip directed-broadcast no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache
The following example shows the configuration for a physical interface that is used to connect to a private network:
! interface to communicate with the PDN interface FastEthernet1/0 ip address 4.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 no ip directed-broadcast no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache !
In addition, a logical interface called Tunnel0 is used to implement an IP tunnel to the private network, as shown in the following lines:
interface Tunnel0 ip address 97.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 no ip directed-broadcast ip mtu 1476 tunnel source 4.0.0.1 tunnel destination 131.108.164.19 !
The key commands in the tunnel configuration are as follows:
| Command | Purpose |
interface Tunnel0 | Sets up a logical interface called Tunnel0. |
tunnel source 4.0.0.1 | Specifies the source address for the tunnel (the IP address of the FastEthernet1/0 interface shown above). |
tunnel destination 131.108.164.19 | Specifies the destination address of the IP tunnel (the IP address of the private network that users can access using the tunnel). |
Subsequently, as is shown in the "Configuring Access Points" section, this logical tunnel interface is associated with access-point 2 in access-point list abc, which is used to communicate with a private network xyz.com.
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Note If the operator does not need VPN support, this configuration is optional. |
The GGSN uses a logical interface called a virtual template to implement configuration settings that are used to control the physical interfaces that communicate with a virtual template interface on the SGSN, with the PDN, and with private networks.
The following example shows the configuration for a virtual template.
! Virtual Template configuration interface virtual-template 1 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation gtp gprs access-point-list abc ip classless !
The key commands in this virtual template configuration are as follows:
| Command | Purpose |
encapsulation gtp | Sets the encapsulation type for all connections established using the virtual template to GTP. This is mandatory for all GTP interfaces. |
gprs access-point-list abc | Specifies an access-point list that defines the access points used to access the PDN and private networks. |
The access-point-list abc line in the configuration for virtual-template 1 points to an access-point list that the GGSN software uses to maintain the access points that it uses to communicate with the PDN and with private networks. The following example shows an access-point list:
! access-point list configuration
gprs access-point-list abc
access-point 1
access-point-name gprs.company.com
dhcp-server 99.100.0.3
exit
!
access-point 2
access-point-name xyz.com
dhcp-server 60.0.0.1
dhcp-gateway-address 60.0.0.1
use-interface Tunnel0 next-hop-address 97.0.0.21
exit
!
access-point 3
access-point-name www.gprs_mycompany
access-mode non-transparent
radius-server 99.100.0.2
exit
!
access-point list abc sets up three access points:
The key commands used in the access-point lists are as follows:
| Command | Purpose |
access-point ap_number | Specifies the number of the access-point list. |
access-point name apn_name | Specifies a name of the access-point list. |
access-mode {transparent | non-transparent} | Specifies whether user access to the PDN is subject to security authorization and authentication. Specifying transparent means that no security authorization is required. Specifying nontransparent means that security authorization is required. |
dhcp-server { ip-address | name } [{ip-address | name}] | Specifies a DHCP server to be used to assign IP addresses to users who use this access point. Optionally, specifies a secondary or backup DHCP server. |
dhcp-gateway-address ip-address | Points to the router interface that is used to access a DHCP server. |
use-interface interface_name next-hop-address ip-address | Specifies either a logical or a physical interface that will be used by this access point. The next-hop-address keyword and the ip-address argument specify the IP address of the network to be accessed. |
radius-server {ip-address | name} | Identifies a RADIUS server that is used to authorize and authenticate users who access a private network through the access point. Optionally, specifies a secondary or backup RADIUS server. |
The configuration for access-point 1 and access-point 3 shown in the following examples illustrates access-point configuration for accessing the PDN:
access-point 1
access-point-name gprs.company.com
dhcp-server 99.100.0.3
exit
!
!
access-point 3
access-point-name www.gprs_mycompany
access-mode non-transparent
radius-server 99.100.0.2
exit
!
Access-point 1 is configured to connect to the PDN through the domain gprs.company.com. The DHCP server at 99.100.0.3 is used to assign an IP address to users when they access this network.
Access-point 3 is configured to connect the PDN through the domain www.gprs_mycompany. Access to this network is non-transparent (requires security authorization). The command radius-server 99.100.0.2 specifies that to authenticate and access users of this network, the GGSN acts as a client to the RADIUS server at 99.100.0.2.
The configuration for access-point 2 shown in the following example shows how to set up an access point to connect to a private network:
access-point 2
access-point-name xyz.com
dhcp-server 60.0.0.1
dhcp-gateway-address 60.0.0.1
use-interface Tunnel0 next-hop-address 97.0.0.21
exit
!
Access-point 2 accesses as a private network. Users who access the private network from mobile stations are assigned an IP address by the DHCP server at 60.0.0.1. The dhcp-gateway-address command indicates the giaddr (gateway address) used in router unicasts (60.0.0.1). Notice that this is the IP interface for the Loopback0 interface in the router configuration (this ensures that the router always uses the "trusted" DHCP server at 60.0.0.1 to obtain IP addresses for this access point:
interface Loopback0 ip address 60.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 no ip directed-broadcast no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache !
The use-interface Tunnel0 command in the configuration for access-point 2 tells the router to use the Tunnel0 interface to set up an IP tunnel to the private network. The next-hop-address keyword specifies the IP address of the private network. For more information on the configuration for a tunnel interface, refer to the "Configuring an Interface to the PDN" section.
To use RADIUS with the GGSN you must do two things:
The following sample configuration shows IOS security commands:
aaa new-model aaa authentication ppp default radius aaa authorization network default radius radius-server host 99.100.0.2 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 radius-server key mykey
The aaa new-model, aaa authentication, and aaa authorization commands are necessary to allow the router to use RADIUS authentication and authorization to validate mobile users who access the PDN and/or private networks through the GGSN.
The radius-server host command is used to identify a RADIUS server host that the GGSN can use to authenticate and authorize users. By issuing the radius-server host command multiple times, you can specify more than one RADIUS server.
For detailed information on these commands, refer to the Cisco IOS Security Command Reference.
To complete the security configuration for the GGSN, you must configure RADIUS security at the GPRS configuration level. When you configure security at the GPRS configuration level you have two options:
With these options, you can use the same RADIUS server for all access points and also use specific RADIUS servers for specific access points.
To specify a default RADIUS server for all access points, use the gprs default radius server command. The gprs default radius-server command has the following syntax:
gprs default radius-server {ip-address | name} [ {ip-address | name} ]
The command arguments are used as follows:
| Command | Purpose |
ip-address | Specifies the IP address of a RADIUS server. The first IP address is the name of the primary RADIUS server. The second (optional) ip_address argument specifies the IP address of a backup RADIUS server. |
name | Specifies the host name of a RADIUS server. The second (optional) name argument specifies the host name of a backup RADIUS server. |
To specify a RADIUS server for a specific access point, use the radius-server command.
The following configuration sets up three access points. For the first two access points (access-points 1 and 2) the RADIUS server specified at the global configuration level by the gprs default radius-server command. For access-point 3, specify a separate RADIUS server using the radius-server command. The following example shows configuration for three access points.
aaa new-model aaa authentication ppp default radius aaa authorization network default radius radius-server host 100.10.10.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 radius-server host 101.11.11.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 radius-server key mykey gprs default ip-address-pool radius-client
gprs default radius-server 100.10.10.1 ! ! Virtual Template configuration interface virtual-template 1 ip address 100.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation gtp gprs access-point-list abc ! ! ! Access point list configuration gprs access-point-list abc access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.somewhere.com access-mode transparent exit ! access-point 2 access-point-name xyz.com access-mode transparent exit ! access-point 3 access-point-name www.gprs_somewhere.fr access-mode non-transparent radius-server 101.11.11.1 exit !
The GGSN uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to assign IP addresses to mobile station users who need to access the PDN. To set up DHCP on the GGSN, you must do the following:
When you configure DHCP for the GGSN, you have two options:
In either case, you need to specify DHCP configuration information using standard IOS DHCP commands.
The following example shows the main commands used to set up DHCP on the router running the GGSN:
ip dhcp excluded-address 60.0.0.1 ! ! local IP address pool ip dhcp pool 1 network 60.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 ! ip address-pool dhcp-proxy-client ip dhcp-server 60.0.0.1 ip dhcp-server 99.100.0.3
All of the commands are standard IOS DHCP commands. They are used as follows:
| Command | Purpose |
|---|---|
Router# ip dhcp excluded address 60.0.0.1 | Excludes 60.0.0.1 as an address that can be assigned to a client by DHCP, because it is the address of a DHCP server. |
Router# ip dhcp-pool 1 | Starts configuration of a DHCP address pool. |
Router# network 60.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 | Sets up an address range to be allocated by the local DHCP server. |
If you want to use the same DHCP server for all access points that you configure on the GGSN, then specify one global DHCP server for all GPRS access points. To do this, use the following commands:
| Command | Purpose |
gprs default ip-address-pool dhcp-proxy-client | Specifies that the default IP allocation method for all GPRS access points is DHCP. |
gprs default dhcp-server ip_address | Specifies the default DHCP server for all access points. |
If you need to use DHCP address allocation for some access points but not all access points, then you can set up a default DHCP server for all access points, and override the default setting at the access-point configuration level by using two commands:
When processing DHCP address allocation, the GGSN software first checks to see whether a DHCP server has been specified at the access-point level. If so, it uses the DHCP server specified at the access-point level. If no DHCP server is specified at the access-point level, then the GGSN uses the GPRS global setting.
The following example shows a DHCP server specified at the global-configuration level using the gprs default dhcp-server command. For two access points (access-points 1 and 2) specific DHCP servers are specified. For access-point 3, no DHCP server is specified, so the DHCP server specified at the global level is used.
ip address-pool dhcp-proxy-client
ip dhcp-server 60.0.0.1 ip dhcp-server 101.100.0.3 ip dhcp-server 102.100.0.3
ip dhcp excluded address 60.0.0.1 gprs default ip-address-pool dhcp-proxy-client gprs default dhcp-server 101.100.0.3
interface virtual-template 1 ip address 15.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation gtp gprs access-point-list abc ! gprs access-point-list abc access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.everywhere.com ip-address-pool dhcp-proxy-client dhcp-server 101.100.0.3 ip-access-group 101 in exit ! access-point 2 access-point-name xyz.com ip-address-pool dhcp-proxy-client dhcp-server 60.0.0.1 dhcp-gateway-address 60.0.0.1 exit ! access-point 3 access-point-name www.my_isp.com exit !
Within the GPRS command, there are several ways to configure the GGSN to communicate with a charging gateway.
Because by default charging processing is enabled on the GGSN, the configuration does not include many charging gateway commands.
The main command to implement charging is the gprs default charging-gateway command. This command simply identifies the IP address of the charging gateway, and optionally, a secondary or backup charging gateway.
gprs default charging-gateway 99.100.0.3 99.100.0.2
If you want to disable charging processing on the GGSN, issue the gprs charging disable command.
The GGSN command set includes a number of commands with which you can fine-tune charging processing. In most cases you do not need to use these commands, because the default values for the commands provide satisfactorily configure action of charging processing. For detailed information on the charging commands, refer to the "Command Reference" section.
Use the following commands to fine-tune charging processing on the GGSN:
Enter the show running-configuration command to see if GPRS is enabled.
router#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 12.1 no service pad service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption service internal service udp-small-servers service tcp-small-servers service gprs ggsn
! hostname GGSN_1
Enter the show running configuration command to view the interface configuration to the SGSN:
router#show running-config interface FastEthernet0/0 description Gn interface to SGSN ip address 44.44.44.44 255.0.0.0 half-duplex Verifying
Enter the show running configuration command to view the interface configuration to the PDN:
router#show running-config interface FastEthernet3/0 description Gi interface to SGSN ip address 4.0.0.44 255.0.0.0 half-duplex
Enter the show running configuration command to view the interface configuration to the private network:
router#show running-config gprs access-point-list gprs access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.company.com ip-address-pool dhcp-proxy-client dhcp-server 99.100.0.3 use-interface Tunnel0 next-hop-address 97.0.0.2 exit
Enter the show running configuration command to view the virtual template configuration: router#show running-config gprs access-point-list gprs access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.company.com ip-address-pool dhcp-proxy-client dhcp-server 99.100.0.3 use-interface Tunnel0 next-hop-address 97.0.0.2 exit
router#show running-config interface virtual-template 1 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.0.0.0 encapsulation gtp ip mroute-cache gprs fastswitch gprs access-point-list gprs
Step 2 Enter the show interface command to view the Virtual-Access1 configuration:
router#show interface Virtual-Access1 Virtual-Access1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Virtual Access interface Internet address is 10.10.10.1/8 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation GPRS-GTP, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) DTR is pulsed for 5 seconds on reset Last input never, output never, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 02:17:14 Queueing strategy:fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 0 carrier transitions
router#show running-config gprs access-point-list gprs access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.company.com ip-address-pool dhcp-proxy-client dhcp-server 99.100.0.3 dhcp-gateway-address 80.0.0.1 exit !
Step 2 Use the show gprs access-point all command to view all access points:
router#show gprs access-point all There are 3 Access-Points configured Index Type Mode AccessPointName Interface ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 ip transparent gprs.company.com ---------------------------------------------------------- 2 ip transparent abc.com ---------------------------------------------------------- 3 ip non-transparent xyz.com ----------------------------------------------------------
Use the show running configuration command to view the DHCP interface configuration:
router#show running-config ! ip address-pool dhcp-proxy-client interface Ethernet2/1 description interface to DHCP server ip address 99.102.0.54 255.255.0.0 no ip mroute-cache ! gprs access-point-list gprs access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.company.com ip-address-pool dhcp-proxy-client dhcp-server 99.100.0.3 dhcp-gateway-address 99.102.0.54 exit ! gprs default dhcp-server 99.100.0.3
The following commands are used to monitor and maintain the GPRS feature.
| Command | Purpose |
|---|---|
Router# show gprs gtp parameters | Displays the current GTP parameters configured on the GGSN. |
Router# show gprs gtp path | Displays information about one or more GTP paths between the GGSN and other GPRS devices. |
Router# show gprs gtp pdp-context | Displays a list of the currently active PDP contexts (mobile user sessions). |
Router# show gprs gtp status | Displays information about the current status of GTP on the GGSN. |
Router# show gprs charging statistics | Displays current statistics for the transfer of charging packets between the GGSN and charging gateways. |
Router# show gprs access-point | Displays information about an access point. |
Router# show gprs charging parameters | Displays the current GPRS charging parameters. |
Router# show gprs isgsn statistics | Displays statistics that show the status of the intra-Serving GPRS Support Node running on the router (SGSN only). |
Router# show 12relay statistics | Displays statistics that show the status of the Layer 2 Relay protocol running on the SGSN (SGSN only). |
Router# clear gprs charging cdr | Clears GPRS charging data records. |
Router# clear gtp pdp-context | Clears one or more PDP contexts (user sessions). |
Router# clear gprs gtp statistics | Clears GPRS GTP statistics. |
Router# clear gprs isgsn statistics | Clears the current GPRS intra-Serving GPRS Support Node (iSGSN). |
Router# clear l2relay statistics | Clears the Layer 2 Relay (l2relay) statistics for the SGSN (SGSN only). |
Router# clear l2relay topology-map | Clears the Layer 2 Relay topology map for the SGSN (SGSN only). |
This section provides the following configuration example:
The following example shows how to configure a static route from a physical interface on the GGSN to the SGSN. This configures what is known as the GPRS Gn interface.
In the sample configuration, physical interface FastEthernet0/0 on the GGSN is used as the interface to the SGSN. Using the ip route command, a static route is configured from the FastEthernet0/0 interface on the GGSN to the SGSN, which is located at IP address 192.168.1.1.
! Gn Interface on GGSN to communicate with SGSN ! interface FastEthernet0/0ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 no ip directed-broadcast no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache no keepalive
! ip route 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 FastEthernet0/0
|
Note For the SGSN to successfully communicate with the GGSN, the SGSN must configure a static route, or be able to dynamically route to the IP address used by the GGSN virtual template. |
This example shows the use of the GGSN router commands. For detailed information on commands used with the GPRS interface, refer to the "Command Reference" section. For detailed information on the basic Cisco IOS commands shown in the example, refer to the Cisco IOS Interface Command Reference, the Cisco IOS IP and IP Routing Command Reference, or the Cisco IOS Security Command Reference.
!
version 12.0
no service pad
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
service gprs ggsn
!
hostname c7206-4
!
aaa new-model
aaa authentication ppp default radius
aaa authorization network default radius
enable password mypass
!
ip subnet-zero
ip domain-name gprs.com
ip name-server 99.100.0.2
ip dhcp excluded-address 60.0.0.1
!
! local IP address pool
ip dhcp pool 1
network 60.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
!
ip address-pool dhcp-proxy-client
ip dhcp-server 60.0.0.1
ip dhcp-server 99.100.0.3
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 60.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface Tunnel0
ip address 97.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
no ip directed-broadcast
ip mtu 1476
tunnel source 4.0.0.1
tunnel destination 131.108.164.19
!
! Interface to communicate with Virtual Template on SGSN
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 35.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
ip helper-address 99.100.0.3
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
no keepalive
!
! interface to communicate with the PDN
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 4.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
!
! Interface to TFTP server
interface Ethernet2/0
ip address 99.102.0.54 255.255.0.0
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
!
!
! Virtual Template configuration
interface virtual-template 1
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
encapsulation gtp
gprs access-point-list abc
ip classless
!
! Route for the virtual template on the SGSN
ip route 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 FastEthernet0/0
access-list 101 deny ip host 4.0.0.2 host 2.0.0.1
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
snmp-server community public RW
!
!
! Global DHCP server, charging server, and RADIUS server information
gprs default dhcp-server 99.100.0.3
gprs default charging-gateway 99.100.0.3 99.100.0.2
gprs charging server-switch-timer 0
!
radius-server host 99.100.0.2 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
radius-server key mykey
!
!
! access-point list configuration
! access point for access to PDN
gprs access-point-list abc
access-point 1
access-point-name gprs.company.com
dhcp-server 99.100.0.3
exit
!
!access point for access to a pri8vate network
access-point 2
access-point-name xyz.com
dhcp-server 60.0.0.1
dhcp-gateway-address 60.0.0.1
use-interface Tunnel0 next-hop-address 97.0.0.21
exit
!
! access point for access to PDN
access-point 3
access-point-name www.gprs_mycompany
access-mode non-transparent
radius-server 99.100.0.2
exit
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
transport input none
line aux 0
exec-timeout 0 0
transport input all
line vty 0 4
exec-timeout 0 0
password mypass
!
end
To specify the type of access allowed to the PDN through an access point associated with a specified virtual template, use the access-mode access-point configuration command. To remove an access mode, use the no form of the command.
access-mode {transparent | non-transparent}
Syntax Description
transparent Specifies that the users who access the PDN through the access point associated with the current virtual template are allowed access without authorization or authentication performed on the GGSN. non-transparent Specifies that users who access the PDN through the current virtual template must be authenticated by the GGSN acting as a proxy for the authentication.
Defaults
The default value for this command is transparent.
Command Modes
Access-point configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the access-mode command to specify whether users accessing a PDN through a particular access point associated with the virtual template interface have transparent or nontransparent access to the network.
Transparent access means that users who access the PDN through the current virtual template are granted access without further authentication performed by the GGSN.
Nontransparent access means that users who access the PDN through the current virtual template must be authenticated by processes running on the GGSN and acting as a RADIUS client.
Examples
The following example specifies non-transparent access to the PDN through an access point associated with a specified virtual template:
interface virtual-template 1 gprs access-point-list abc ! gprs access-point-list abc access-point 1
access-point-name gprs.pdn.com
access-mode non-transparent
Related Commands
Specifies an access-point number and enters access-point configuration mode.
Command
Description
To specify an access-point number and enter access-point configuration mode, use the access-point access-point list configuration command. To delete an access-point number, use the no form of the command.
access-point ap_number
Syntax Description
ap_number Integer between 1 and 65535 that identifies a GPRS access point.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Access-point list configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the access-point command to create an access point for enabling user access to a PDN.
Although, in theory you can set up an unlimited number of access points on the GGSN, the number of access points may be limited due to memory and performance issues.
Examples
The following example configures an access point with an index number of 7 in an access-point-list named "abc" on the GGSN:
gprs access-point-list abc access-point 7
Related Commands
Specifies the APN for a network that can be accessed through an access point on the GGSN.
Command
Description
To specify an access-point name for a network that can be accessed using the current virtual template, use the access-point-name access-point list configuration command. To delete a current access-point-name command, use the no form of the command.
access-point-name apn_name
Syntax Description
apn_name Specifies the network or domain name for a private data network that can be accessed through the current access point.
Defaults
There is no default value for this command.
Command Modes
Access-point list configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the access-point-name command to specify the PDN name of a network that can be accessed through a particular access point. An access-point name is mandatory for each access point.
To configure an access point, first set up an access-point list using the gprs access-point-list command and then add the access point to the access-point list.
The access-point name is normally the domain name of the service provider that users access, for example, acme.com.
Examples
The following example specifies the access-point name for a network:
access-point 1
access-point-name acme.com
exit
Related Commands
Specifies an access-point number and enters access-point configuration mode.
Command
Description
To specify the action to take when a user attempts unauthorized access to a PDN through the current access point, use the access-violation access-point configuration command. To restore the default value for the command, use the no form of the command.
access-violation {discard-packets | deactivate-pdp-context}
Syntax Description
discard-packets Specifies that user packets are discarded when an unauthorized access attempt is detected. deactivate-pdp-context Specifies that the user's session is ended when an unauthorized access attempt is detected.
Defaults
The default value for this command is discard-packets.
Command Modes
Access-point configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the access-violation command to specify the action that is taken if a user attempts unauthorized access through the specified access point. The default keyword, discard-packets, specifies that the GGSN simply drops user packets when an unauthorized access is attempted. If you specify deactivate-pdp-context, then the user's session is terminated when unauthorized access is attempted.
Examples
The following example shows deactivation of a users access:
access-point 1
access-point-name acme.com ip-access-group 101 in access-violation deactivate-pdp-context
exit
Related Commands
Specifies the APN for a network that can be accessed through an access point on the GGSN.
Command
Description
To clear GPRS call detail records (CDRs), use the clear gprs charging cdr privileged EXEC configuration command.
clear gprs charging cdr {tid tunnel-id | access-point access-point-index | all}
Syntax Description
tid tunnel-id Tunnel ID of the connection for which to clear charging CDRs. access-point access-point-index Specifies clearing the CDRs for a specified access-point index. all Specifies clearing all CDRs on the GGSN.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the clear gprs charging cdr command to clear the CDRs for one or more users. When you issue this command, the charging data that has been accumulated for the user is sent to the charging gateway, and the current CDRs for the specified user or users are closed.
To clear CDRs by tunnel ID (TID), first enter the show gprs gtp pdp-context all command to obtain a list of the currently active PDP contexts (user sessions). Then issue the clear gprs charging cdr command with the tid keyword and the tunnel ID for which you want to clear the CDRs.
To clear CDRs by access point, first issue the show gprs access-point command to obtain a list of the access points, and then issue the clear gprs charging cdr command. When you clear CDRs for a TID, an access point, or for all access points, charging data records for the specified TID or access point(s) are sent immediately to the charging gateway.
Examples
The following example shows how to clear CDRs by tunnel ID:
router# show gprs gtp pdp-context all
TID MS_ADDR dynamic? GGSN_addr APN 1111111111111111 2.0.0.1 0 1.1.1.1 gprs.somewhere.com 3333333333333331 10.10.10.30 1 1.1.1.1 gprs.somewhere.com 4444444444444441 60.0.0.4 1 1.1.1.1 xyz.com 5555555555555551 2.0.0.51 0 1.1.1.1 gprs.somewhere.com ) router# clear gprs gtp charging cdr tid 4444444444444441
The following example shows how to clear CDRs for the access-point 1:
router# clear gprs charging cdr access-point 1
Related Commands
Shows current statistics for the transfer of charging packets between the GGSN and charging gateways. Shows information about an access point.
Command
Description
To clear one or more PDP contexts (user sessions), use the clear gprs gtp pdp-context privileged EXEC configuration command.
clear gprs gtp pdp-context {tid tunnel-id | imsi imsi_value | path ip-address | access-point access-point-index | all}
Syntax Description
tid tunnel-id Tunnel ID (TID) for which PDP contexts are to be cleared. imsi imsi_value International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) value for which PDP contexts are to be cleared. path ip-address Remote GSN IP address for which all PDP contexts associated with the GSN are to be cleared. access-point access-point-index Access-point index for which PDP contexts are to be cleared. all Clear all currently active PDP contexts.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the clear gprs gtp pdp-context command to clear one or more PDP contexts (user sessions). This command is useful when operator intervention is required for administrative reasons—for example, when there are bad user sessions or the system must be taken down for maintenance.
After PDP contexts are cleared, users accessing the PDN through the specified TID, IMSI, path, or access point are disconnected.
To clear PDP contexts by tunnel ID, first enter the show pdp-context command to obtain a list of the currently active PDP contexts (user sessions). Then issue the clear gprs gtp pdp-context command with the tid keyword and the tunnel ID for which you want to clear the user sessions.
To clear PDP contexts by access point, first issue the show gprs access-point command to obtain a list of the access points, and then issue the clear gprs gtp pdp-context command.
If you know the IMSI of the PDP context, enter clear gprs gtp pdp-context and the IMSI of the user who is connected to clear the PDP context.
Examples
The following example shows how to clear PDP contexts by tunnel ID:
router# show gprs gtp pdp-context all TID MS_ADDR dynamic? SGSN_addr APN 1111111111111111 2.0.0.1 0 1.1.1.1 gprs.somewhere.com 3333333333333331 10.10.10.30 1 1.1.1.1 gprs.somewhere.com 4444444444444441 60.0.0.4 1 1.1.1.1 xyz.com 5555555555555551 2.0.0.51 0 1.1.1.1 gprs.somewhere.com 8888888888888881 10.10.10.31 1 1.1.1.1 gprs.somewhere.com router# clear gprs gtp pdp-context tid 5555555555555551
The following example shows how to clear PDP contexts for GPRS access-point 1:
router# clear gprs gtp pdp-context access-point 1
To clear the current GPRS GTP statistics, use the clear gprs gtp statistics privileged EXEC configuration command.
clear gprs gtp statisticsSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the clear gprs gtp statistics command to clear the current GPRS GTP statistics. This command clears the counters that are displayed by the show gprs gtp statistics command; however, it does not clear the counters that are displayed by the show gprs gtp status command.
Examples
The following example clears the GPRS GTP statistics:
router# clear gprs gtp statistics
To specify the IP address of the DHCP gateway to be used in DHCP requests for a particular PDN access point, use the dhcp-gateway-address access-point configuration command. To restore the default setting for the command (to use the virtual template interface address), use the no form of the command.
dhcp-gateway-address ip-address
Syntax Description
ip-address The IP address of the DHCP gateway to be used in DHCP requests for users who connect through the specified access point.
Defaults
The default value for this command is no dhcp-gateway-address. When you use the default, the system uses the virtual template interface address as the DHCP gateway address.
Command Modes
Access-point configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the dhcp-gateway-address command to specify the address of a DHCP gateway that isis used in DHCP requests for users who access the PDN through a particular access point. The gateway address is the giaddr field that is passed in DHCP messages between the GGSN and the DHCP server.
If you do not specify a DHCP gateway address, then the address assigned to the virtual template is used.
Examples
The following example specifies an IP address of the DHCP gateway:
access-point 2 access-point-name xyz.com dhcp-server 60.0.0.1 dhcp-gateway-address 60.0.0.1 exit
Related Commands
Specifies a DHCP server to be used to allocate IP addresses to mobile station users who access the PDN through a particular access point. Specifies a dynamic address allocation method for the current access point. Specifies a dynamic address allocation method for the GGSN.
Command
Description
To specify a DHCP server to be used to allocate IP addresses to mobile station users who access the PDN through a particular access point, use the dhcp-server access-point configuration command. To delete the DHCP server from the access-point configuration, use the no form of the command.
dhcp-server {ip-address | name} [ip-address | name]
Syntax Description
ip-address IP address of a DHCP server. The first IP address is the name of the primary DHCP server. The second (optional) ip_address argument specifies the IP address of a backup DHCP server. name Host name of a DHCP server. The second (optional) name argument specifies the host name of a backup DHCP server.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Access-point configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
If you have used the ip-address-pool command to specify a DHCP proxy client for mobile station users who access the PDN through the current access point, then you must use the dhcp-server command to specify a DHCP server.
You can use the ip-address argument to specify the IP address of the DHCP server. Or, if the server has a host name associated with its IP address (through Domain Name Service configuration), you can use the name argument specify the host name.
The optional second set of arguments can be used to specify the name or IP address of a backup DHCP server to be used in the event that the primary DHCP server is unavailable. If you do not specify a backup DHCP server, then no backup DHCP server is available.
The DHCP server can be specified in two ways:
If you specify a DHCP server at the access-point level using the dhcp-server command, then the server address specified for the access point overrides the address specified at the global level. If you do not specify a DHCP server address at the access-point level, then the address specified at the global level is used.
Therefore, you can have a global address setting and also one or more local access-point level settings in the event that you need to use different DHCP servers for different access points.
Examples
The following example specifies a DHCP server to be used to allocate IP addresses to mobile station users: access-point 2 access-point-name xyz.com dhcp-server 60.0.0.1 60.0.0.2 dhcp-gateway-address 60.0.0.1 exit
Related Commands
Specifies the IP address of the DHCP gateway to be used in DHCP requests for a particular PDN access point. Specifies a dynamic address allocation method for the current access point.
Command
Description
To specify the GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP) as the encapsulation type for packets transmitted over a virtual template interface, use the encapsulation gtp interface configuration command. To delete this encapsulation type, use the no form of the command.
encapsulation gtpSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
PPP
Command Modes
Interface configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the encapsulation gtp command to specify the GTP as the encapsulation type for a virtual template. This is a mandatory setting for both the GGSN and the SGSN.
Examples
The following example specifies the GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP) as the encapsulation type:
interface virtual-template 1 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation gtp
To declare an access-point list that you use to specify access points for the GGSN, use the gprs access-point-list global configuration command. To delete an existing access-point list, use the no form of the command.
gprs access-point-list list_name
Syntax Description
list_name The name of the access-point list.
Defaults
No access-point list is defined.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs access-point-list command to define an access list that is used to define access points that are used in GGSN configuration. Currently only one access list can be defined per virtual template.
Examples
The following example sets up an access list that is used to define two GPRS access points:
! Virtual Template configuration interface virtual-template 1 ip address 100.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation gtp gprs access-point-list abc ! ! ! Access point list configuration gprs access-point-list abc access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.somewhere.com exit ! access-point 2 access-point-name xyz.com exit
Related Commands
Specifies an access-point number and configures entrance to the access-point configuration mode.
Command
Description
To specify the bandwidth factor to be applied to the canonical best-effort QoS class, use the gprs canonical-qos best-effort bandwidth-factor global configuration command. To restore the default value for this command, use the no form of the command.
gprs canonical-qos best-effort bandwidth-factor bandwidth_factor
Syntax Description
bandwidth_factor Integer from 1 to 4000000 that specifies the desired bandwidth factor (in bits per second).
Defaults
The default value for this command is 10 bits per second.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
The canonical qos best-effort bandwidth-factor command specifies an average bandwidth that is assumed to be consumed by best-effort QoS class user sessions. The default value (10 bps) was chosen arbitrarily. If the users accessing the GGSN are observed using a higher average bandwidth, increase the bandwidth value.
Examples
The following example shows a bandwidth factor of 20:
gprs canonical-qos best-effort bandwidth-factor 20
Related Commands
Specifies a value that is used by the GGSN to calculate the QoS level provided to mobile users.
Command
Description
To specify a value that is used by the GGSN to calculate the QoS level provided to mobile users, use the gprs canonical-qos gsn-resource-factor global configuration command. To restore the default value of the command, use the no form of the command.
gprs canonical-qos gsn-resource-factor resource-factor
Syntax Description
resource-factor Integer between 1 and 4294967295 representing the bits per second that the GGSN can handle. The default value is 1048576.
Defaults
The default value for this command is 1048576 (1 megabit per second).
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
The default value for this command was chosen arbitrarily. If a greater throughput is required for GPRS user data, increase the resource factor value. However, selecting a high value may result in exceeding the actual processing capacity of the GGSN.
Examples
The following example shows a resource factor of 1572864:
gprs canonical-qos gsn-resource-factor 1572864
Related Commands
Specifies the bandwidth factor to be applied to the canonical best-effort, QoS class.
Command
Description
To specify a qualify of service (QoS) mapping from the canonical QoS classes to an IP type of service (ToS) category, use the gprs canonical-qos map tos global configuration command.
gprs canonical-qos map tos [premium tos_value [normal tos_value [best-effort tos_value]]]
Syntax Description
premium tos_value ToS mapping for a premium QoS. The tos_value can be a number from 0 to 5. A higher number indicates a higher service priority. normal tos_value ToS mapping for a normal QoS. The tos_value can be a number from 0 to 5. A higher number indicates a higher service priority. best-effort tos_value ToS mapping for a best effort QoS. The tos_value can be a number from 0 to 5. A higher number indicates a higher service priority.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs canonical-qos map tos command to specify a mapping between various QoS categories and the ToS precedence bits in the IP header for packets transmitted over the Gn interface (GTP tunnels).
All of the keyword arguments for the command are optional. However, if you specify a value for the normal argument, you must specify a value for the premium argument. And if you specify a value with the best-effort argument, then you must specify a value for both the premium and the normal arguments.
When a request for a user session comes in (a PDP context activation request), the router determines whether the requested QoS for the session packets can be handled based on the maximum packet handling capability of the GGSN. Based on this determination, one of the following occurs:
Examples
The following example specifies qualify of service (QoS) mapping from the canonical QoS classes to a best-effort ToS category of five:
gprs canonical-qos map tos best-effort 5
Related Commands
Enables mapping of GPRS QoS categories to a canonical QoS method that includes best effort, normal, and premium QoS classes. Specifies a value that is used by the GGSN to calculate the QoS level provided to mobile users. Specifies the bandwidth factor to be applied to the canonical best-effort QoS class. Specifies a mean throughput deviation factor that the GGSN uses to calculate the allowable data throughput for QoS.
Command
Description
To specify a mean throughput deviation factor that the GGSN uses to calculate the allowable data throughput for QoS, use the gprs canonical-qos premium mean-throughput-deviation global configuration command. To restore the default value for the command (100), use the no form of the command.
gprs canonical-qos premium mean-throughput-deviation deviation_factor
Syntax Description
deviation_factor Value that specifies the deviation factor. This value can range from 1 to 1000.
Defaults
The default value for this command is 100.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
The gprs canonical-qos premium mean-throughput-deviation command is used by the GGSN to calculate a mean throughput value that is used to determine the amount of data throughput used for a premium QoS. The calculation is made based on the following formula, which includes the input deviation factor:
where
Examples
The following example shows a mean throughput of 1000:
gprs canonical-qos premium mean-throughput-deviation 1000
Related Commands
Specifies a QoS mapping from the canonical QoS classes to an IP type of service (ToS) category. Specifies a value that is used by the GGSN to calculate the QoS level provided to mobile users. Specifies the bandwidth factor to be applied to the canonical best-effort QoS class. Specifies an IP ToS mapping for GPRS charging data packets.
Command
Description
To specify the maximum number of charging data records (CDRs) that can be aggregated in a charging data transfer message to a charging gateway, use the gprs charging cdr-aggregation-limit global configuration command. To restore the default value for this command (255 CDRs), use the no form of the command.
gprs charging cdr-aggregation-limit CDR_limit
Syntax Description
CDR_limit An integer between 1 and 255 that specifies the number of CDRs that can be accumulated in a charging data transfer message.
Defaults
255 CDRs
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs charging cdr-aggregation-limit command to specify the maximum number of CDRs that can be accumulated in a charging data transfer message to a charging gateway connected with a GGSN.
When the aggregation limit is reached, the CDR container for the message is closed and the message sent.
Examples
The following example specifies 128 charging data records (CDRs):
gprs charging cdr-aggregation-limit 128
Related Commands
Specifies the interval between transfers of GPRS charging data for a PDP context (user session) between the GGSN and the charging gateway. Specifies a value that determines a traffic volume threshold that triggers closing of a charging container for a user's charging data record (CDR). Specifies the maximum size of the GGSN queue of outstanding charging data transfer requests.
Command
Description
To specify that the local record sequence-number field is used in charging data records (CDRs) on the GGSN, use the gprs charging cdr-option local-record-sequence-number global configuration command. To disable this feature, use the no form of the command.
gprs charging cdr-option local-record-sequence-numberSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
The local record sequence number field is not used.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Certain charging data systems use the local record sequence number field in CDRs. If the charging gateway that your GGSN uses this feature, use the gprs charging cdr-option local-record-sequence-number command to enable the feature.
Examples
The following example shows the gprs charging cdr-option local-record-sequence-number feature enabled:
gprs charging cdr-option local-record-sequence-number
To specify that the node ID field is used in charging data records (CDRs) on the GGSN, use the gprs charging cdr-option node-id global configuration command. To disable this feature use the no form of the command.
gprs charging cdr-option node-idSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
The node ID field is not used.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Certain charging data systems use the node ID field in CDRs. If the charging gateway that your GGSN communicates with uses this feature, use the gprs charging cdr-option node-id command to enable the feature.
Examples
The following example shows that the node ID field is used in charging data records (CDRs) on the GGSN:
gprs charging cdr-option node-id
To specify the number of minutes the GGSN waits before retrying a request over the data path to a charging gateway, use the gprs charging cg-path-requests global configuration command. To restore the default value (0 minutes), use the no form of the command.
gprs charging cg-path-requests minutes
Syntax Description
minutes Number of minutes the GGSN waits before retrying a charging request.
Defaults
0 minutes
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs charging cg-path-requests command to specify the number of minutes that the GGSN waits before retrying a charging request.
Examples
The following example specifies the GGSN wait 5 minutes before retrying a request over the data path to a charging gateway:
gprs charging cg-path-requests 5
To specify a value that determines a traffic volume threshold that triggers closing of a charging container for a user's charging data record (CDR), use the gprs charging container volume-threshold global configuration command. To restore the default value for the command (1 megabyte), use the no form of the command.
gprs charging container volume-threshold threshold_value
Syntax Description
threshold_value A value between 1 and 4294967295 that specifies the container threshold value, in bytes.
Defaults
1,048,576 bytes (1 Mbytes)
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs charging container volume-threshold command to specify a threshold value for user data traffic that is used to trigger closing of a charging container.
While a PDP context (user session) is active, charging events are generated based on various actions. One way that users can be charged is based on the amount of data transmitted between the PDN and the mobile station. The threshold value set by the gprs charging container volume-threshold command determines when a charging container is closed and added to the user's CDR. The wireless service vendor can then charge the user on a per container basis.
Examples
The following example shows a threshold value of 2097152:
gprs charging container volume-threshold 2097152
Related Commands
Specifies the interval between transfers of GPRS charging data for a PDP context (user session) between the GGSN and the charging gateway. Specifies a value that determines a traffic volume threshold that triggers closing of a charging container for a user's charging data record (CDR). Specifies the maximum size of the GGSN queue of outstanding charging data transfer requests.
Command
Description
To disable charging transactions on the GGSN, use the gprs charging disable global configuration command. To enable charging transactions, use the no form of the command.
gprs charging disableSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
Charging is enabled.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs charging disable command to disable charging. By default, charging processing is enabled on the GGSN, even without issuing the no gprs charging disable command.
If charging has been disabled through the gprs charging disable command, then you can re-enable charging by issuing the no gprs charging disable command.
Examples
The following example shows gprs charging disabled:
no gprs charging disable
To implement an echo request with private extensions for maintaining flow control on packets transmitted to the charging gateway, use the gprs charging flow-control private-echo global configuration command. To disable private extensions for flow control, use the no form of the command.
gprs charging flow-control private-echoSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
Private flow control is disabled.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
If the charging gateway that the GGSN communicates with implements a proprietary private extension to the echo signal that is used to maintain flow control, use the gprs charging flow-control private-echo command to enable private echo signaling. If your charging gateway does not implement this feature, disable the feature.
Examples
The following example enables an echo request:
gprs charging flow-control private-echo
Related Commands
Specifies the interval between transfers of GPRS charging data for a PDP context (user session) between the GGSN and the charging gateway. Specifies a value that determines a traffic volume threshold that triggers closing of a charging container for a user's charging data record (CDR). Specifies the maximum size of the GGSN queue of outstanding charging data transfer requests. Specifies the networking protocol used by the GGSN to transmit and receive charging data. Specifies an IP type of service (ToS) mapping for GPRS charging data packets. Specifies a timeout value that determines when the GGSN attempts to find an alternate charging gateway after a destination charging gateway cannot be located or becomes unusable. Specifies a time of day when GPRS charging tariffs will change. Implements an echo request with private extensions for maintaining flow control on packets transmitted to the charging gateway.
Command
Description
To specify an IP type of service (ToS) mapping for GPRS charging data packets, use the gprs charging map data tos global configuration command. To restore the default value for the command (3) use the no form of the command.
gprs charging map data tos tos_value
Syntax Description
tos_value Specifies a ToS mapping value between 0 and 5. A higher number indicates a higher service priority.
Defaults
ToS mapping value 3.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs charging map data tos command to specify a value for the ToS precedence bits in the IP header for charging packets transmitted by the GGSN.
Examples
The following example shows type of service mapping value of 5:
gprs charging map data tos 5
Related Commands
Specifies the interval between transfers of GPRS charging data for a PDP context (user session) between the GGSN and the charging gateway. Specifies a value that determines a traffic volume threshold that triggers closing of a charging container for a user's charging data record (CDR). Specifies the maximum size of the GGSN queue of outstanding charging data transfer requests. Specifies the networking protocol used by the GGSN to transmit and receive charging data. Implements an echo request with private extensions for maintaining flow control on packets transmitted to the charging gateway. Specifies a timeout value that determines when the GGSN attempts to find an alternate charging gateway after a destination charging gateway cannot be located or becomes unusable. Specifies a time of day when GPRS charging tariffs will change.
Command
Description
To specify the maximum size of the GGSN queue of outstanding charging data transfer requests, use the gprs charging packet-queue-size global configuration command. To restore the default value for this command, use the no form of the command.
gprs charging packet-queue-size queue_size
Syntax Description
queue_size Value between 1 and 512 that specifies the maximum queue size for the GGSN charging packet data queue.
Defaults
The default value for this command is 128.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs charging packet-queue-size command to specify the maximum size of the GGSN queue of outstanding charging data transfer requests. This queue stores all unacknowledged charging data requests.
When charging packet queue reaches the size specified with the gprs charging packet-queue size command, the GGSN stops queuing charging packets until a packet is cleared from the queue and stores new charging packets in memory.
If monitoring of the performance of the charging gateway indicates that the charging gateway is processing charging packets slowly, you can increase the size of the charging packet queue. Conversely, if the performance of the charging gateway is fast you can decrease the size of the charging packet queue.
Examples
The following example specifies a GGSN queue of 512 charging data transfer requests:
gprs charging packet-queue-size 512
Related Commands
Specifies the interval between transfers of GPRS charging data for a PDP context (user session) between the GGSN and the charging gateway. Specifies a value that determines a traffic volume threshold that triggers closing of a charging container for a user's charging data record (CDR). Specifies the maximum size of the GGSN queue of outstanding charging data transfer requests. Implements an echo request with private extensions for maintaining flow control on packets transmitted to the charging gateway. Specifies a timeout value that determines when the GGSN attempts to find an alternate charging gateway after a destination charging gateway cannot be located or becomes unusable. Specifies a time of day when GPRS charging tariffs will change.
Command
Description
To specify the networking protocol used by the GGSN to transmit and receive charging data, use the gprs charging path-protocol global configuration command. To restore the default value for the command (UDP), use the no form of the command.
gprs charging path-protocol protocol_name
Syntax Description
protocol_name Protocol to use for charging data transfers. Specify UDP or TCP.
Defaults
UDP
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs charging path-protocol command to specify the protocol used by the GGSN to transfer charging data.
Examples
The following example shows a UPD protocol:
gprs charging path-protocol udp
Related Commands
Specifies the interval between transfers of GPRS charging data for a PDP context (user session) between the GGSN and the charging gateway. Specifies a value that determines a traffic volume threshold that triggers closing of a charging container for a user's charging data record (CDR). Implements an echo request with private extensions for maintaining flow control on packets transmitted to the charging gateway. Specifies the maximum size of the GGSN queue of outstanding charging data transfer requests. Specifies a timeout value that determines when the GGSN attempts to find an alternate charging gateway after a destination charging gateway cannot be located or becomes unusable. Specifies a time of day when GPRS charging tariffs will change.
Command
Description
To specify a timeout value that determines when the GGSN attempts to find an alternate charging gateway after a destination charging gateway cannot be located or becomes unusable, use the gprs charging server-switch-timer global configuration command. To restore the default value for this command (60 seconds), use the no form of the command.
gprs charging server-switch-timer seconds
Syntax Description
seconds Timeout value, in seconds, that the GGSN waits before attempting to contact an alternate charging gateway. Specify a value between 0 and 300 seconds. Specifying 0 disables the feature.
Defaults
60 seconds
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs charging server-switch-timer command to specify a timeout value that determines when the GGSN contacts an alternate charging gateway when the current charging gateway becomes unusable or cannot be located.
To disable the timeout interval, specify 0 for the timeout value.
Examples
The following example configures a time-out value of 30 seconds:
gprs charging server-switch-timer 30
To specify a time of day when GPRS charging tariffs change, use the gprs charging tariff-time global configuration command. To delete an existing tariff time, use the no form of the command. You can set up a maximum of 32 tariff change times.
gprs charging tariff-time time
Syntax Description
time A time of day when the charging tariff changes. Specify the time format as hh:mm:ss.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs charging tariff-time command to specify up to 32 times when the charging tariff for using GPRS will change. When the tariff time changes, a container is attached to the charging data record (CDR) for the user.
Examples
The following example specifies charging tariff changes occurring at 14:30:00:
gprs charging tariff-time 14:30:00
To specify the interval between transfers of GPRS charging data for a PDP context (user session) between the GGSN and the charging gateway, use the gprs charging transfer interval global configuration command. To restore the default setting for the transfer interval, use the no form of the command.
gprs charging transfer interval seconds
Syntax Description
seconds Interval between charging transfers, in seconds. Can be a value between 1 and 4294967295 seconds.
Defaults
105 seconds
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs charging transfer interval command to specify the interval, in seconds, after which the GGSN transfers charging data for a given PDP context (user session) to a charging gateway.
Examples
The following example specifies an interval of 512 seconds:
gprs charging transfer interval 512
Related Commands
Implements an echo request with private extensions for maintaining flow control on packets transmitted to the charging gateway. Specifies a value that determines a traffic volume threshold that triggers closing of a charging container for a user's charging data record (CDR). Specifies the maximum size of the GGSN queue of outstanding charging data transfer requests. Specifies a timeout value that determines when the GGSN attempts to find an alternate charging gateway after a destination charging gateway cannot be located or becomes unusable. Specifies a time of day when GPRS charging tariffs will change.
Command
Description
To specify the default charging gateway, use the gprs default charging gateway global configuration command. To delete the charging gateways, use the no form of the command.
gprs default charging-gateway {ip-address | name} [{ip-address | name}]
Syntax Description
ip-address IP address of a default gateway. name Host name for a default gateway.
Defaults
No default charging gateway is assigned.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs default charging-gateway command to specify the IP address or host name of a default charging gateway that the GGSN communicates with. If you specify two gateways, then the first gateway is the primary gateway and the second gateway is the alternate gateway.
Examples
The following example specifies two default charging gateway IP addresses:
gprs default charging-gateway 99.100.0.3 99.100.0.2
Related Commands
Specifies the interval between transfers of GPRS charging data for a PDP context (user session) between the GGSN and the charging gateway. Specifies a value that determines a traffic volume threshold that triggers closing of a charging container for a user's charging data record (CDR). Specifies the maximum size of the GGSN queue of outstanding charging data transfer requests. Implements an echo request with private extensions for maintaining flow control on packets transmitted to the charging gateway. Specifies a timeout value that determines when the GGSN attempts to find an alternate charging gateway after a destination charging gateway cannot be located or becomes unusable. Specifies a time of day when GPRS charging tariffs will change.
Command
Description
To specify a default Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server from which the GGSN obtains IP address leases for mobile users, use the gprs default dhcp-server global configuration command. To delete the default DHCP server, use the no form of the command.
gprs default dhcp-server {ip-address | name} [{ip-address | name}]
Syntax Description
ip-address IP address of a DHCP server. The first IP address is the name of the primary DHCP server. The second (optional) ip_address argument specifies the IP address of a backup DHCP server. name Host name of a DHCP server. The second (optional) name argument specifies the host name of a backup DHCP server.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs default dhcp-server command to specify a DHCP server from which the GGSN obtains IP address leases for mobile users.
In addition to specifying a DHCP server for the GGSN, you must specify DHCP as the method for assigning proxy IP addresses using the ip-address-pool command or the gprs default ip-address-pool command, and also specify one or more DHCP servers for the entire router using the ip dhcp-server command.
Use the optional second set of arguments to specify the name or IP address of a backup DHCP server to use in the event that the primary DHCP server is unavailable. If you do not specify a backup DHCP server, then no backup DHCP server is available.
If you specify a default DHCP server at the global configuration level, then for individual access points, you have two options:
Examples
ip address-pool dhcp-proxy-client
ip dhcp-server 60.0.0.1 ip dhcp-server 101.100.0.3 ip dhcp-server 102.100.0.3
ip dhcp excluded address 60.0.0.1 gprs default ip-address-pool dhcp-proxy-client gprs default dhcp-server 101.100.0.3
interface virtual-template 1 ip address 15.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation gtp gprs access-point-list abc ! gprs access-point-list abc access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.everywhere.com dhcp-server 101.100.0.3 ip-access-group 101 in exit ! access-point 2 access-point-name xyz.com dhcp-server 60.0.0.1 dhcp-gateway-address 60.0.0.1 exit ! access-point 3 access-point-name www.my_isp.com access-mode non-transparent exit
Related Commands
dhcp-server Specifies a DHCP server used to allocate IP addresses to mobile station users who access the PDN through a particular access point. Specifies that the default IP allocation method for all GPRS access points is DHCP.
Command
Description
To specify a dynamic address allocation method for the GGSN, use the gprs default ip-address-pool global configuration command. To disable the address allocation method, use the no form of the command.
gprs default ip-address-pool {dhcp-proxy-client | disable | radius-client}
Syntax Description
dhcp-proxy-client GGSN dynamically acquires IP addresses for an MS from a DHCP server. disable Disables dynamic address allocation by the GGSN. radius-client GGSN dynamically acquires IP addresses for an MS from a RADIUS server.
Defaults
The default IP address pool is disabled.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs default ip-address-pool command to specify the method by which the GGSN obtains address leases for mobile user sessions. Specify a DHCP server or a RADIUS server.
If you specify dhcp-proxy-client for the GPRS default IP address pool, then you must use the gprs default dhcp-server command, or the access-point mode dhcp-server command, to specify a DHCP server for address allocation. You should also configure the router to use DHCP using the ip dhcp-server command.
If you specify radius-client as the method for IP address allocation, then you must use the gprs default radius-server command or the access-point mode radius-server command to specify a RADIUS server to provide the address pool.
To disable the selected IP address allocation method, use the no form of the command or issue the command with the disable keyword (the default form of the command).
Examples
The following example specifies a dhcp-proxy-client dynamic address allocation method for the GGSN:
gprs default ip-address-pool dhcp-proxy-client
Related Commands
Specifies the default DHCP server for all access points. Specifies a RADIUS server that the GGSN uses to authenticate or authorize mobile users to access the PDN. Specifies a dynamic address allocation method for the GGSN. Specifies a DHCP server used to allocate IP addresses to mobile station users who access the PDN through a particular access point. Specifies a RADIUS server that is used by a particular access point to authenticate or authorize mobile users to access the PDN.
Command
Description
To specify a RADIUS server that the GGSN uses to authenticate or authorize mobile users to access the PDN, use the gprs default radius-server global configuration command. To delete the RADIUS server identification, use the no form of the command.
gprs default radius-server {ip-address | name} [{ip-address | name}]
Syntax Description
ip-address IP address of a RADIUS server. The first IP address is the name of the primary RADIUS server. The second (optional) ip_address argument specifies the IP address of a backup RADIUS server. name Host name of a RADIUS server. The second (optional) name argument specifies the host name of a backup RADIUS server.
Defaults
No default RADIUS server is used.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs default radius-server command to specify a RADIUS server with which the GGSN uses to authenticates remote users for access to the PDN. If you have specified radius-client as the IP address allocation method using the gprs default ip-address-pool command, then you must specify a RADIUS server using this command.
Use the optional second set of arguments to specify the name or IP address of a backup RADIUS server to use in the event that the primary RADIUS server is unavailable. If you do not specify a backup RADIUS server, then there will not be one available if the primary server fails.
If you specify a default RADIUS server at the global configuration level, then for individual access points, you have two options:
Examples
The following example sets up three access points. For the first two access points (access-points 1 and 2) the RADIUS server specified at the global configuration level using the gprs default radius-server command is used. For access-point 3, a separate RADIUS server is specified using the radius-server command.
aaa new-model aaa authentication ppp default radius aaa authorization network default radius radius-server host 100.10.10.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 radius-server host 101.11.11.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 radius-server key mykey gprs default ip-address-pool radius-client
gprs default radius-server 100.10.10.1 ! ! Virtual Template configuration interface virtual-template 0 ip address 100.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation gtp gprs access-point-list abc ! ! ! Access point list configuration gprs access-point-list abc access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.somewhere.com exit ! access-point 2 access-point-name xyz.com exit ! access-point 3 access-point-name www.gprs_alcatel.fr access-mode non-transparent radius-server 101.11.11.1 exit
Related Commands
Specifies that the default IP allocation method for all GPRS access points is DHCP. Specifies a RADIUS server that is used by a particular access point to authenticate or authorize mobile users to access the PDN.
Command
Description
To enable the GPRS fast switching feature on the GGSN, use the gprs fastswitching command. To disable fast switching, use the no form of the command.
gprs fastswitchingSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
GPRS fast switching is disabled.
Command Modes
Interface configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs fastswitching command to enable the GPRS fast-switching feature. This feature implements a fast-switching packet cache and fast-switching functions that enable faster processing of user packets transmitted using the user datagram protocol (UDP), significantly increasing the performance of the GGSN.
|
Note If you enable fast switching for the GTP protocol or for a virtual template (using the gprs fastswitching command), be sure that you also enable fast switching on each physical interface that a mobile station uses to access the GTP or the virtual template. To enable fast switching on a physical interface, use the ip route-cache command. Note also that if you enable fast switching on an SGSN, you should enable fast switching on the GGSNs with which the SGSN communicates. |
Examples
The following example shows fastswitching enabled:
gprs fastswitching
Related Commands
ip route-cache Enables fast switching on a physical interface.
Command
Description
To specify a throttle value that determines how many error message packets the GGSN sends out in a specified time frame, use the gprs gtp error-indication throttle command. To restore the default value (no error indication throttle is used), use the no form of the command (GGSN only).
gprs gtp error-indication throttle window_size size
Syntax Description
window_size size Counter that is decremented when an error indication message is sent and reset to the configured value when the time interval specified by the interval argument is exceeded. Specify a value between 0 and 256.
Defaults
Error indication throttling is disabled.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs gtp error-indication throttle command to specify a throttle value that determines how many error indication messages are sent by the GGSN. This provides a way to implement flow control for transmission of GTP error messages.
If you do not issue the command, then no error indication throttling is enabled. To restore the default value (error indication throttling is disabled) use the no form of the command.
Examples
The following example shows a throttle value of 150:
gprs gtp error-indication throttle window-size 150
To specify an IP type of service (ToS) mapping for GPRS tunnelling protocol (GTP) signaling packets, use the gprs gtp map signalling tos global configuration command. To restore the default value for the command (5) use the no form of the command.
gprs gtp map signalling tos tos_value
Syntax Description
tos_value Value between 0 and 7 that specifies the IP ToS mapping.
Defaults
ToS value 5
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs gtp map signalling tos command to specify the IP ToS mapping for GTP signaling packets transmitted by the GGSN. The higher the value, the higher the class of service is provided to the packets.
Examples
The following example specifies a IP ToS mapping value of 3:
gprs gtp map signalling tos 3
Related Commands
Specifies the interval between transfers of GPRS charging data for a PDP context (user session) between the GGSN and the charging gateway. Specifies a value that determines a traffic volume threshold that triggers closing of a charging container for a user's charging data record (CDR). Specifies the maximum size of the GGSN queue of outstanding charging data transfer requests. Specifies a qualify of service (QoS) mapping from the canonical QoS classes to an IP type of service (ToS) category. Specifies an IP type of service (ToS) mapping for GPRS charging data packets.
Command
Description
To specify the size of the GTP N3 buffer on the GGSN, use the gprs gtp n3-buffer-size global configuration command. To restore the default value for the N3 buffer, use the no form of the command.
gprs gtp n3-buffer-size bytes
Syntax Description
bytes Value between 2048 and 65535 that specifies the size of the N3 buffer, in bytes.
Defaults
8192 bytes
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs gtp n3-buffer-size command to specify the size of the GTP N3 buffer on the GGSN. The N3 buffer is a receive buffer that the GGSN uses to receive GTP signaling messages and packets sent through the tunnelling protocol. The recommended value for the N3 buffer size is 8192 (the default size).
Examples
The following example specifies a buffer size of 2084 bytes:
gprs gtp n3-buffer-size 2048
Related Commands
Specifies the maximum number of times that the GGSN attempts to send a signaling request.
Command
Description
To specify the maximum number of times that the GGSN attempts to send a signaling request, use the gprs gtp n3-requests global configuration command. To restore the default value (5 request attempts), use the no form of the command.
gprs gtp n3-requests requests
Syntax Description
requests A number between 1 and 65535 that specifies the number of times a request is attempted.
Defaults
5 requests
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs gtp n3-requests command to specify the number of times that the GGSN attempts to send a signaling request. The recommended value is 5 requests (the default).
Examples
The following example shows the GGSN attempting to send a signaling request 3 times: gprs gtp n3-requests 3
Related Commands
Specifies the size of the GTP N3 buffer on the GGSN.
Command
Description
To specify the interval that the GGSN waits before sending an echo-request message to check for GTP path failure, use the gprs gtp path-echo-interval global configuration command. To restore the default value for the path echo interval (60 seconds), use the no form of the command.
gprs gtp path-echo-interval interval
Syntax Description
interval Interval, in seconds, that the GGSN waits before sending an echo-request message. Specify either 0 or a value between 60 and 65535 seconds. Specifying 0 disables the echo-request feature.
Defaults
60 seconds
Command Modes
Global configuration mode
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs gtp path-echo-interval command to specify the interval that the GGSN waits before sending an echo-request message to check for GTP path failure.
|
Note Specifying a value of 0 seconds disables the echo-request feature. |
Examples
The following example shows the GGSN waiting 90 seconds before sending an echo-request message:
gprs gtp path echo-interval 90
To specify the maximum time that the GGSN waits to respond to a signaling request message, use the gprs gtp t3-response global configuration command. To restore the default value for the response interval (1 second), use the no form of the command.
gprs gtp t3-response response_interval
Syntax Description
response_interval A value between 1 and 65535 that specifies the length of the T3 response interval, in seconds.
Defaults
1 second
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs gtp t3-response command to specify the time interval that the GGSN waits before responding to signaling request message.
Examples
The following example shows a T3 interval response interval of 524 seconds:
gprs gtp t3-response 524
Related Commands
Specifies the size of the GTP N3 buffer on the GGSN.
Command
Description
To specify the wait interval after receiving a GTP SGSN context request message that the GGSN waits before forwarding a packet data unit (PDU) to the requesting SGSN, use the gprs gtp t3-tunnel global configuration command. To restore the default value for the command (20 seconds), use the no form of the command.
gprs gtp t3-tunnel seconds
Syntax Description
seconds A value between 1 and 65535 that specifies the interval the GGSN waits before forwarding a PDU to a requesting SGSN.
Defaults
20 seconds
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs gtp t3-tunnel command to specify the interval for which a GGSN waits to forward a PDU to a requesting SGSN. The recommended value is 20 seconds.
Examples
The following example shows GGSN waiting 60 seconds before forwarding a PDU to a requesting SGSN:
gprs gtp t3-tunnel 60
Related Commands
Specifies the maximum time that the GGSN waits to respond to a signaling request message.
Command
Description
To specify the time that the GGSN waits before purging idle mobile user sessions, use the gprs idle-pdp-context purge-timer global configuration command. To restore the default value for the command (72 hours), use the no form of the command.
gprs idle-pdp-context purge-timer hours
Syntax Description
hours Value between 0 and 255 that specifies the number of hours that the GGSN waits before purging idle sessions. To disable the purge timer feature, specify 0 for this argument.
Defaults
72 hours
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
To specify the time that the GGSN waits before purging idle mobile user sessions, use the gprs idle-pdp-context purge-timer command. To disable this feature, specify a purge-timer value of 0.
Examples
The following example specifies that the GGSN wait for 60 hours before purging idle sessions:
gprs idle-pdp-context purge-timer 60
To specify the maximum number of PDP contexts (user sessions) that can be activated on the GGSN, use the gprs maximum-pdp-context-allowed global configuration command. To restore the default value for the command (1000 PDP contexts), use the no form of the command.
gprs maximum-pdp-context-allowed pdp_contexts
Syntax Description
pdp_contexts Integer between 1 and 4296967295 that specifies the number of active PDP contexts allowed.
Defaults
1000 PDP contexts
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the gprs maximum-pdp-context-allowed command to specify the maximum number of PDP contexts allowed on the GGSN. When the maximum allowable number of PDP contexts is reached, the GGSN refuses new PDP contexts (user sessions) until sessions are available.
|
Note The practical upper limit for the maximum number of PDP contexts depends on the router platform that you are using and the amount of memory available on the router. |
Examples
In the following example 10000 PDP contexts are allowed on the GGSN:
gprs maximum-pdp-context-allowed 10000
Related Commands
Specifies the time that the GGSN waits before purging idle mobile user sessions.
Command
Description
To enable mapping of GPRS QoS categories to a canonical QoS method that includes best-effort, normal, and premium QoS classes, use the gprs qos map canonical-qos global configuration command. To disable this mapping, use the no form of the command.
gprs qos map canonical-qosSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
Canonical QoS mapping is disabled.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the qprs qos map canonical-qos command to map GPRS QoS into the following canonical categories: best effort, normal, and premium.
Examples
The following example shows canonical QoS mapping enabled:
qos map canonical-qos
Related Commands
Specifies a value that is used by the GGSN to calculate the QoS level provided to mobile users. Specifies a QoS mapping from the canonical QoS classes to an IP type of service (ToS) category. Specifies a mean throughput deviation factor that the GGSN uses to calculate the allowable data throughput for QoS.
Command
Description
To specify an access list that controls which packets are allowed access from the PDN to the mobile station through or to the mobile station through the PDN through the GGSN using a specified access point, use the ip-access-group access-point configuration command. To disable the input access list, use the no form of the command.
ip-access-group access_list_number {in | out}
Syntax Description
access_list_number The access list number of an access list that has been set up using the access-list command. in The specified access list controls access from the PDN to the mobile station. out The specified access list controls access from the mobile station to the PDN.
Defaults
No access list is enforced.
Command Modes
Access-point configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the ip-access-group command to specify an access list that indicates whether users are given or denied permission to access the mobile station from the PDN through the GGSN using a specified access point.
The access_list_number argument specifies and access list that is configured on the router. The in keyword specifies that the specified access list controls access from the PDN to the mobile station. The out keyword specifies that the access list controls access from the mobile station to the PDN.
Examples
The following example grants access-list 101 inbound access to the mobile station from the PDN through the GGSN:
access-list 101 permit ip 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any interface virtual-template 1 ip address 100.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation gtp gprs access-point-list abc ! gprs access-point-list abc access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.somewhere.com dhcp-server 99.100.0.3 ip-access-group 101 in exit !
To specify a dynamic-address allocation method for the current access point, use the ip-address-pool access-point configuration command. To restore the default value (to use the globally defined address-allocation method, which is set using the gprs default ip-address-pool command), use the no form of the command.
ip-address-pool {dhcp-proxy-client | radius-client | disable}
Syntax Description
dhcp-proxy-client The access-point IP address pool is maintained on a DHCP server. radius-client The access-point IP address pool is allocated through a RADIUS server. disable Disables dynamic address allocation for this access point.
Defaults
The global setting specified with the gprs default ip-address-pool command is used.
Command Modes
Access-point configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
You can specify an IP allocation method for an access point in two ways:
If you specify dhcp-proxy-client as the method for maintaining an IP address pool, then you must indicate a DHCP server to use for IP address allocation. You can do this at the global configuration level using the gprs default-dhcp server command or at the access-point level using the dhcp-server command.
If you specify radius-client as the method for maintaining an IP address pool, then you must indicate A RADIUS server to use for IP address allocation. You can do this at the global configuration level using the gprs default radius-server command or at the access-point level using the radius-server command.
Examples
The following example sets up DHCP as the IP address pool allocation method for access-point 1 and specifies that the other access points use the global default, which is specified as RADIUS.
gprs default ip-address-pool radius-client
interface virtual-template 1
ip address 100.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
encapsulation gtp
gprs access-point-list abc
!
gprs access-point-list abc
access-point 1
access-point-name gprs.everywhere.com
ip address-pool dhcp-proxy-client
dhcp-server 99.100.0.3
exit
!
access-point 2
access-point-name xyz.com
access-mode non-transparent
radius-server 99.100.0.2
exit
!
access-point 3
access-point-name www.acme.com
access-mode non-transparent
radius-server 99.100.0.2
exit
Related Commands
Specifies a dynamic address allocation method for the GGSN. Specifies the default DHCP server for all access points. Specifies a DHCP server to be used to allocate IP addresses to mobile station users who access the PDN through a particular access point. Specifies a RADIUS server that the GGSN uses to authenticate and/or authorize mobile users to access the PDN. Specifies a RADIUS server that is used by a particular access point to authenticate or authorize mobile users to access the PDN. Specifies a dynamic address allocation method for the current access point.
Command
Description
To specify the protocol type for the current access point, use the protocol-type access-point configuration command.
protocol-type ip
Syntax Description
ip Specifies that the access point will use the IP protocol
Defaults
IP
Command Modes
Access-point configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the protocol-type command to specify the networking protocol to be used for the current access point.
Examples
The following example shows IP protocol is chosen:
protocol-type ip
To specify a RADIUS server that is used by a particular access point to authenticate and/or authorize mobile users to access the PDN, use the radius-server access-point configuration command. To delete the RADIUS server identification, use the no form of the command.
radius-server {ip-address | name} [{ip-address | name}]
Syntax Description
ip-address IP address of a RADIUS server. The first IP address is the name of the primary RADIUS server. The second (optional) ip-address argument specifies the IP address of a backup RADIUS server. name Host name of a RADIUS server. The second (optional) name argument specifies the host name of a backup RADIUS server.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Access-point configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
You can specify a RADIUS server that is used by users of an access point in two ways:
The optional second set of arguments to specify the name or IP address of a backup RADIUS server to use in the event that the primary RADIUS server is unavailable. If you do not specify a backup RADIUS server, then there will not be one available if the primary server fails.
You must specify a RADIUS server either at the global configuration level or at the access-point configuration level if you have specified radius-client as the method for maintaining an IP address pool using the gprs default ip-address-pool command or at the access-point level using the ip-address-pool command. The RADIUS server is used for authentication of mobile station users, and if the GGSN is used as a RADIUS client, to authenticate users.
Examples
The following example specifies a RADIUS server for access-point 3:
access-point 3 access-point-name www.acme.com ip-address-pool radius-client access-mode non-transparent radius-server 99.100.0.2 99.100.0.3 exit
Related Commands
Specifies a dynamic address allocation method for the current access point. Specifies a dynamic address allocation method for the GGSN. Specifies a RADIUS server that the GGSN uses to authenticate and/or authorize mobile users to access the PDN.
Command
Description
To specify the type of GPRS service node that is enabled on the router, use the service gprs command. To turn off GPRS service node functionality, use the no form of the command.
service gprs {sgsn-datacom | ggsn}
Syntax Description
sgsn-datacom Specifies that the router will function as a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) datacom unit. ggsn Specifies that the router will function as a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN).
Defaults
The default value is SGSN.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the service gprs command to specify the type of GPRS service node that will be maintained on the router.
Examples
The following example configures the GPRS service node as a GGSN:
service gprs ggsn
To display information about an access point, use the show gprs access-point privileged EXEC command.
show gprs access-point [access-point-index] [address-allocation]
Syntax Description
access-point-index Specifies the access-point index for an access point. address-allocation Requests display of dynamically allocated mobile station (MS) addresses and lease terms for the access point.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the show gprs access-point command to display information about and individual access point or about all access points.
If you enter the command with "all" as the argument, information about all access points is displayed in an abbreviated format. If you specify a particular access point with the access-point-index keyword, information for the specified access point only is displayed.
If you enter the address-allocation keyword, then the console displays dynamically allocated MS addresses and lease terms by access point.
The following table shows the output fields for the show gprs access-point command:
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
apn_backup_charging_gw | IP address of the secondary (backup) charging gateway. |
apn_charging_gw | IP address of the primary charging gateway. |
apn_dhcp_gateway_addr | IP address of the DHCP gateway, if configured. |
apn_dhcp_server | IP address of the DHCP server, if configured. |
apn_index | Number assigned to this access point. |
apn_mode | Indicates whether security is transparent or nontransparent. |
apn_name | Access-point number name. |
apn_radius_server | IP address of RADIUS server, if configured. |
apn_type | Protocol used for this access-point number. |
deactivate_pdp_context_on violation | Current setting for the access-violation command: 0 indicates that the default setting is active (user packets are discarded); 1 indicates that the optional setting is active (user sessions are terminated when there is an access violation). |
dynamic_address_pool | Current setting for the ip-address-pool command. |
network_activation_allowed | Not supported in the current release. |
number of ip_address_allocated | Number of IP addresses allocated to MS users. |
subscribe_required | Current setting for the subscription-required command: 0 indicates no subscription is required; 1 indicates a subscription is required for access-point number users. |
Total number of PDP in this APN | Number of PDP contexts active for this access-point number. |
Examples
The following is sample output of the show gprs access-point command:
router# show gprs access-point 1
apn_index 1 apn_name = gprs.somewhere.com
apn_type: ip apn_mode: transparent
dynamic_address_pool: dhcp-proxy-client
apn_dhcp_server: 99.100.0.3
apn_dhcp_gateway_addr: 0.0.0.0
apn_radius_server: 0.0.0.0
apn_charging_gw: 0.0.0.0
apn_backup_charging_gw: 0.0.0.0
subscribe_required = 0 deactivate_pdp_context_on violation = 0
network_activation_allowed = 0
number of ip_address_allocated = 2
Total number of PDP in this APN :4
Related Commands
Specifies the APN for a network that can be accessed through an access point on the GGSN.
Command
Description
To display the current GPRS charging parameters, use the show gprs charging parameters privileged EXEC command.
show gprs charging parametersSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the show gprs charging parameters command to display the currently active charging parameters for the GGSN.
Examples
The following is sample output of the show gprs charging parameters command:
router# show gprs charging parameters
GPRS Charging Protocol Parameters
=================================
* Default Charging Gateway Address: 192.23.55.1
* Default Backup Charging Gateway Address: 192.23.56.23
* Current Active Charging Gateway Address: 192.23.55.1
* Current Backup Charging Gateway Address: 192.23.56.23
* Charging Server Swith-Over Timer: <60> seconds.
* Charging Path Protocol (0:UDP, 1:TCP): <0>.
* Charging MAP DATA TOS: <3>.
* Charging Transfer Interval: <105> seconds.
* Charging Transfer Threshold: <1048576> bytes.
* Charging CDR Aggregation Limit: <255> CDRs per msg.
* Charging Packet Queue Size: <128> messages.
* Charging Tariff Time Changes:
- NO Tariff Time Changes.
Related Commands
Displays current statistics for the transfer of charging packets between the GGSN and charging gateways.
Command
Description
To display current statistics for the transfer of charging packets between the GGSN and charging gateways, use the show gprs charging statistics privileged EXEC command.
show gprs charging statistics {tid tunnel_id | access-point access-point-index | all}
Syntax Description
tid tunnel_id Specifies a tunnel ID for which you want to display charging statistics. access-point access-point-index Specifies the index for an access point for which you want to display statistics. all Requests display of all charging statistics.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the show gprs charging statistics command to display statistics for the transfer of charging packets between the GGSN and charging gateways.
Examples
The following is sample output of the show gprs charging statistics command:
router# show gprs charging statistics all
GPRS Charging Protocol Statistics
=================================
* Total Number of APNs for Charging: <0>
* Total Number of CDRs for Charging: <0>
* Total Number of Containers for Charging: <0>
* Total Number of CDR_Output_Msgs sent: <0>
* Total Number of pending unack. CDR_Ouput_Msgs: <0>
* Total Number of CDR_Output_Msgs sent: <0>
-- Charging Gateway Statistics --
* Charging Gateway Down Count: <0>
Related Commands
Displays the current GPRS charging parameters.
Command
Description
To display the current GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) parameters configured on the GGSN, use the show gprs gtp parameters privileged EXEC command.
show gprs gtp parametersSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the show gprs gtp parameters command to display the current GTP parameters configured on the GGSN.
The following table describes the output fields for the show gprs gtp parameters command:
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
GTP buffer size for receiving N3_buffer | Current size of the N3 buffer, in bytes. |
GTP max hold time for old sgsn PDUs T3_tunnel | Current setting specified by the gprs gtp t3-tunnel command. This command specifies the interval, in seconds, that a GGSN waits to forward a PDU to a requesting SGSN. |
GTP max retry N3_request | The maximum retry setting for N3 requests. |
GTP path echo interval | Interval, in seconds, that the GGSN waits before resending echo responses. |
GTP signal max wait time T3_response | Interval, in seconds, that the GGSN waits before responding to a T3 request. |
Examples
The following is sample output of the show gprs gtp parameters command:
router# show gprs gtp parameters
GTP path echo interval = 60
GTP signal max wait time T3_response = 1
GTP max retry N3_request = 5
GTP max hold time for old sgsn PDUs T3_tunnel= 20
GTP buffer size for receiving N3_buffer = 8192
Related Commands
Specifies the size of the GTP N3 buffer on the GGSN. Specifies the maximum number of times that the GGSN attempts to send a signaling request. Specifies the interval that the GGSN waits before sending an echo-request message to check for GTP path failure. Specifies the maximum time that the GGSN waits to respond to a signaling request message. Specifies the size of the GTP N3 buffer on the GGSN.
Command
Description
To display information about one or more GTP paths between the GGSN and other GPRS devices, use the show gprs gtp path privileged EXEC command.
show gprs gtp path {ip-address | all}
Syntax Description
ip-address Displays GTP path information for a specified IP address. all Displays information for all GTP paths.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the show gprs gtp path command to display information about one or more GTP paths from the GGSN.
The following table describes the output fields for the show gprs gtp path command:
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
local address | The local address for the path. |
path pointer | The value of the GGSN internal pointer to the GTP path, in hexadecimal. |
remote address | Address of the remote end of the path. |
total number of paths | Total number of GTP paths. |
Examples
The following is sample output of the show gprs gtp path command:
router# show gprs gtp path all
Total number of path : 1
path pointer local address Remote address
0x616378D0 10.10.10.1 1.1.1.1
To display a list of the currently active PDP contexts (mobile user sessions), use the show gprs gtp pdp-context privileged EXEC command.
show gprs gtp pdp-context {tid tunnel_id | imsi imsi | path ip-address | access-point access-point-index | pdp-type ip | qos-precedence {low | normal | high} | all}
Syntax Description
tid tunnel_id Displays PDP contexts by tunnel ID. imsi imsi Displays PDP contexts by International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). access-point access-point-index Displays PDP contexts by access point. pdp-type ip Displays PDP contexts that are transmitted via IP. qos-precedence Displays PDP contexts for a specified GPRS quality of service precedence type. You can specify the following precedence types: low, normal, and high. all Displays all PDP contexts.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the show gprs gtp pdp-context command to display the currently active PDP contexts on the GGSN. You can display PDP contexts by tunnel ID, by IMSI, by access point, by PDP type, and by GPRS QoS precedence, or you can display all PDP contexts.
The following table describes the output for the show gprs gtp pdp-context command:
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
APN | Access-point name for the access point on which the PDP context is active. |
dynamic | The method used for address allocation for mobile station sessions; 0 indicates that static IP address mapping is used; 1 indicates dynamic address allocation though DHCP. |
MS_ADDR | IP address of the mobile station. |
SGSN_addr | IP address of the SGSN that is processing the packets. |
TID | Tunnel ID for the PDP context. |
Examples
The following is sample output of the show gprs gtp pdp-context command: GGSN_1#show gprs gtp pdp-context all TID MS_ADDR dynamic? SGSN_addr APN 1111111111111111 2.0.0.1 0 1.1.1.1 gprs.somewhere.com 3333333333333331 10.10.10.30 1 1.1.1.1 gprs.somewhere.com 4444444444444441 60.0.0.4 1 1.1.1.1 xyz.com 5555555555555551 2.0.0.51 0 1.1.1.1 gprs.somewhere.com 8888888888888881 10.10.10.31 1 1.1.1.1 gprs.somewhere.com
Related Commands
Displays information about an access point.
Command
Description
To display the current GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) statistics for the GGSN, use the show gprs gtp statistics privileged EXEC command.
show gprs gtp statisticsSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(2)GB The following fields were added to the output display: 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the show gprs gtp statistics command to display the GTP statistics for the GGSN. The counter values displayed by this command represent totals accumulated since the last time the statistical counters were cleared using the clear gprs gtp statistics command.
The following table describes the statistics that are output by the command:
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
get_pak_buffer_failure | Number of times the GGSN failed to obtain a GTP packet. |
ie_duplicated | Number of packets received with a duplicated information element. |
ie_out_of_order | Number of times a packet was received with an information element (IE) out of order. |
ie_unknown | Number of times a GTP message was received with an unknown information element. |
mandatory_ie_incorrect | Number of times a GTP packet was received with an incorrect mandatory information element—for example, with an information element that had an incorrect length. |
mandatory_ie_missing | Number of packets received with a missing mandatory information element. |
msg_too_short | Number of times the GGSN received a GTP message that was too short to hold the GTP header for the supported GTP version. |
no_resource | Number of times a resource was not available for transmitting GTP packets. For example, the router may be out of memory. |
path_failure | Number of path failures on the GPRS Support Node (GSN). |
pdp_activation_rejected | Number of times a request to activate a PDP context was rejected. |
rcv_pdu_bytes | Number of bytes received in packet data units (PDUs) |
rcv_pdu_msg | Number of PDU messages received. |
rcv_signaling_msg | Number of GTP signaling messages received. |
snd_pdu_bytes | Number of bytes send in PDUs. |
snd_pdu_msg | Number of PDU messages sent. |
snd_signalling_msg | Number of GTP signaling messages sent. |
total_dropped | Number of GTP messages dropped. |
unexpected_data_msg | Number of GTP PDUs received for nonexistent PDP contexts. |
unexpected_sig_msg | Number of unexpected GTP signaling messages received—for example, a message received on the wrong end of the tunnel or a response message received for a request that was not sent by the GGSN. |
unknown_msg | Number of unknown GTP messages received. |
version_not_support | Number of GTP messages received from devices running an unsupported version of the GTP. |
total created_pdp | Total number of PDP contexts created since system startup (supports Special Mobile Group (SMG)-28 standards level and later) |
total deleted_pdp | Total number of PDP contexts deleted since system startup (supports SMG-28 standards level and later) |
Examples
The following is sample output of the show gprs gtp statistics command: router# show gprs gtp statistics GPRS GTP Statistics: version_not_support 0 msg_too_short 0 unknown_msg 0 unexpected_sig_msg 0 unexpected_data_msg 12762 mandatory_ie_missing 0 mandatory_ie_incorrect 0 optional_ie_invalid 0 ie_unknown 0 ie_out_of_order 0 ie_unexpected 0 ie_duplicated 0 optional_ie_incorrect 0 pdp_activation_rejected 0 path_failure 0 total_dropped 0 no_resource 0 get_pak_buffer_failure 0 rcv_signalling_msg 27854 snd_signalling_msg 27854 rcv_pdu_msg 12762 snd_pdu_msg 0 rcv_pdu_bytes 1174104 snd_pdu_bytes 0 total created_pdp 4 total deleted_pdp 3
Related Commands
Displays the current GTP parameters configured on the GGSN. Displays information about one or more GTP paths between the GGSN and other GPRS devices. Displays a list of the currently active PDP contexts (mobile user sessions). Displays information about the current status of GTP on the GGSN. Displays current statistics for the transfer of charging packets between the GGSN and charging gateways.
Command
Description
To display information about the current status of the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) on the GGSN, use the show gprs gtp status privileged EXEC command.
show gprs gtp statusSyntax Description Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the show gprs gtp status command to display information about the status of the GTP running on the GGSN.
The values displayed by the show gprs gtp status command show totals since the GGSN was started. Unlike the values displayed by the show gprs gtp statistics command, these values cannot be cleared.
The following table describes the output fields for the command.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
activated_pdp | Number of PDP contexts currently activated. |
gsn_resource | Currently available GSN resources. |
gsn_used_bandwidth | Currently used bandwidth, in bits per second. |
mean_throughput_besteffort | Total mean throughput for best effort QoS users, in bytes. |
mean_throughput_normal | Total mean throughput for normal QoS users, in bytes. |
mean_throughput_premium | Total mean throughput for premium QoS users, in bytes. |
qos_high_pdp | Current number of PDP contexts that have a high QoS. |
qos_low_pdp | Current number of PDP contexts that have a low QoS. |
qos_normal_pdp | Current number of PDP contexts that have a normal QoS. |
qos premium mean-throughput-deviation | Indicates the current mean throughput deviation for Qos. |
Examples
The following example shows output from the show gprs gtp status command:
router# show gprs gtp status GPRS GTP Status: gsn_used_bandwidth 0.0 total gsn_resource 1048576.0 activated_pdp 0 mean_throughput_premium 0.0 mean_throughput_normal 0.0 mean_throughput_besteffort 0.0
qos_high_pdp 0 qos_normal_pdp 0 qos_low_pdp 0 qos premium mean-throughput-deviation 0.100
Related Commands
Sets the encapsulation type for all connections established using the virtual template to GTP. This is mandatory for all GTP interfaces. Displays the current GTP statistics for the GGSN.
Command
Description
To specify that an access-point subscription is required to access PDNs through a specified access point, use the subscription-required access-point configuration command. To restore the default setting (no subscription is required), use the no form of the command.
subscription-requiredSyntax Description
No access-point subscription is required.
Defaults
No subscription is required.
Command Modes
Access-point configuration.
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the subscription-required command to specify that a subscription is required for user access to PDNs through the current access point. The subscription must be set up by the service provider, and subscription information must be passed with the mobile user's PDP context requests.
Examples
The following example shows that access-point subscription is required:
access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.somewhere.com dhcp-server 125.100.0.3 subscription-required exit
To instruct the GGSN to use a specified interface for user access through a specified access point, use the use-interface access-point configuration command. To deactivate the use of a specific interface, use the no form of the command.
use-interface interface_name next-hop-address ip_address
Syntax Description
interface_name Name of an interface on the router that is to be used by the specified access point. ip_address IP address of the gateway device for the virtual private network.
Defaults
No specific interface is used.
Command Modes
Access-point configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the use-interface command to specify a specific router interface to be used with a specified access point. The interface_name argument specifies the name of the interface and the ip-address argument specifies the IP address of the Internet gateway device used for the virtual private network.
Examples
The following example specifies that access-point 1 will use the FastEthernet 4/0 interface on the router:
access-point 1 access-point-name gprs.anywhere.com dhcp-server 99.100.0.3 use-interface FastEthernet4/0 next-hop-address 4.0.0.2 ip-access-group 101 in exit
 |
Caution The commands in this section are for certain operator-specific SGSN implementations only. These commands are not to be used for any other type of standard, SGSN-related configuration, or to configure any GGSN services. |
To clear the current GPRS intra-Serving GPRS Support Node (iSGSN) statistics, use the clear gprs isgsn statistics privileged EXEC command (SGSN only).
clear gprs igsn statisticsSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the clear gprs isgsn statistics command to clear the current GPRS iSGSN statistics. This command clears the counters that are displayed by the show gprs isgsn statistics command.
Examples
The following example clears the current GPRS iSGSN statistics:
router# clear gprs isgsn statistics
To clear the Layer 2 Relay (l2relay) statistics for the SGSN, use the clear l2relay statistics privileged EXEC command (SGSN only).
clear l2relay statisticsSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the clear l2relay statistics command to clear the current L2 Relay statistics.
Examples
The following example clears the Layer 2 Relay statistics:
router# clear l2relay statistics
Related Commands
Clears the Layer 2 Relay topology map for the SGSN.
Command
Description
To clear the Layer 2 Relay topology map for the SGSN, use the clear l2relay topology-map privileged EXEC command (SGSN only).
clear l2relay topology-mapSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
The SGSN module maintains a Layer 2 Relay (L2 Relay) topology map that the router uses to keep a list of the unit IDs (UIDs) of the SGSN-datacom (SGSN-D) and SGSN-telecom (SGSN-T) units that it can communicate with. UIDs are added to the topology map when the router receives self-ID packets from SGSN-D and SGSN-T units on the network.
For debugging purposes, it may be useful to clear the L2 Relay topology map. Using the clear l2relay topology-map command clears all of the data structures in the list of SGSN units so that the list can be rebuilt.
Normally you will not need to use this command. If problems with the SGSN are encountered, Cisco technical support personnel may request that you clear the L2 Relay topology map.
Examples
The following example clears the Layer 2 Relay topology map for the SGSN:
router# clear l2relay topology-map
Related Commands
Clears the Layer 2 relay (l2relay) statistics for the SGSN (SGSN only).
Command
Description
To specify the interval at which the SGSN sends Layer 2 Relay (L2 Relay) keepalive messages, use the l2relay echo-interval global configuration command. To restore the default value for the echo interval (10 seconds) use the no form of the command (SGSN only).
l2relay echo-interval seconds
Syntax Description
seconds The length of the echo interval, in seconds. Specify a value between 1 and 360 seconds.
Defaults
10 seconds
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the l2relay echo-interval command to specify the interval at which the SGSN sends L2 Relay keepalive messages.
The SGSN module uses the proprietary Layer 2 Relay (L2 Relay) protocol in conjunction with the intra-Serving GPRS Support Node (iSGSN) protocol for communication between the SGSN-datacom (SGSN-D) and SGSN-telecom (SGSN-T) units that comprise the SGSN. Each SGSN-D or SGSN-T unit periodically sends out keepalive messages (echo requests) to the other SGSN units to inform them that it is functioning. You can fine-tune the performance of the nodes that comprise the SGSN by adjusting the echo interval value.
To restore the default value for the echo interval (10 seconds) use the no form of the command.
Examples
The following example shows an interval of 15 seconds between L2 Relay keepalive messages:
l2relay echo-interval 15
To specify a quench threshold and resume threshold percentage that determine when the Layer 2 Relay (L2 Relay) protocol begins and ends flow control processing, use the l2relay flow-control global configuration command. To restore the default values for flow control processing, use the no form of the command (SGSN only).
l2relay flow-control {enable | quench-threshold | resume-threshold}
Syntax Description
enable Enables flow control. quench-threshold The percentage of congestion that triggers flow control processing. resume-threshold The percentage of congestion that triggers resumption of normal processing.
Defaults
The default value for the quench-threshold argument is 80 and for the resume-threshold argument, 20.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
If you have enabled L2 Relay flow-control processing using the l2relay flow-control enable command, you can use the l2relay flow-control command to specify congestion percentages that trigger flow control processing or resumption of normal 2 Relay processing.
The quench-threshold argument specifies the congestion percentage that must be reached before flow-control processing begins. For example, if you specify 60 for the quench-threshold argument, then the SGSN initiates flow control when L2 Relay processing becomes 60% congested.
The resume-threshold argument specifies the congestion percentage that must be reached before normal L2 Relay processing is resumed. For example, if you specify 40 for the resume-threshold argument, then the SGSN resumes normal L2 Relay processing when the congestion percentage decreases to 40%.
Examples
In the following example, 60 is specified for the quench-threshold argument:
l2relay flow-control quench-threshold 60
Related Commands
Specifies a quench threshold and resume threshold percentage that determine when the Layer 2 Relay (L2 Relay) protocol begins and ends flow control processing (SGSN only).
Command
Description
To specify the unit ID of an SGSN-T node that will be used as the "pilot" unit, use the l2relay pilot-uid global configuration command. To delete the pilot UID, use the no form of the command (SGSN only).
l2relay pilot-uid uid
Syntax Description
uid Number between 1 and 32 that specifies unit ID for the pilot unit.
Defaults
0xff (invalid uid)
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Each router that is running an SGSN module is assigned a unit ID as part of SGSN configuration. In the event that a packet comes in for an unknown SGSN, the receiving SGSN sends the packet to a unit designated as the "pilot" SGSN-T unit. Use the l2relay pilot-uid command to specify the SGSN-T unit to which packets with unknown destination information are transmitted.
Examples
l2relay uid 5 l2relay pilot-uid 3
To specify the physical interfaces used by the Layer 2 Relay (L2 Relay) protocol running on the SGSN, use the l2relay use-interface global configuration command (SGSN only).
l2relay use-interface interface_1 [interface_2]
Syntax Description
interface_1 Interface that is used by the L2 Relay protocol. interface_2 A secondary interface that can be used by the L2 Relay protocol.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the l2relay use-interface command to specify one or more interfaces that the L2 Relay protocol uses to communicate with the SGSN-T and SGSN-D units that comprise the SGSN.
Examples
The following example shows the configuration for a FastEthernet interface (FastEthernet3/0) and the l2relay use-interface command that specifies use of that interface.
interface FastEthernet3/0 ip address 5.0.0.55 255.0.0.0 no ip directed-broadcast no ip mroute-cache no keepalive ! l2relay use-interface FastEthernet3/0
To display statistics that show the status of the intra-Serving GPRS Support Node running on the router, use the show gprs isgsn statistics privileged EXEC command (SGSN only).
show gprs isgsn statisticsSyntax Description
This command has no keywords or arguments.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(2)GB The Local Rejected PDPs field was added to the output display. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
The processing nodes that comprise the SGSN communicate using the proprietary iSGSN Protocol. Each SGSN component running on a Cisco 7200 series router maintains statistical information about the status of the service. Use the show gprs isgsn statistics command to display status information about the iSGSN Protocol.
The output from the show gprs isgsn statistics command is similar to the following:
router# show gprs isgsn statistics
Input Packets:16 Bytes:864
Output Packets:16 Bytes:752
Input Drops:4 Out Drops:0
Out Errors:0 Local Rejected PDPs: 0
The following table describes the output fields for this command:
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
Input Packets, Bytes | Number of input packets and total bytes. |
Output Packets, Bytes | Number of output packets and total bytes. |
Input Drops | Number of dropped input packets. |
Out Drops | Number of dropped output packets. |
Out Errors | Number of output errors. |
Local Rejected PDPs | Number of GTP create PDP contexts rejected by the D-node (supports SMG-28 standards level and later). |
Examples
The following example shows output from the show gprs isgsn statistics command:
router# show gprs isgsn statistics
Related Commands
Specifies the interval between transfers of GPRS charging data for a PDP context (user session) between the GGSN and the charging gateway.
Command
Description
To display statistics that show the status of the L2 Relay Protocol running on the SGSN, use the show l2relay statistics privileged EXEC command (SGSN only).
show l2relay statisticsSyntax Description
This command has no keywords or arguments.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the show l2relay statistics command to display statistical and other information about the L2 Relay protocol running on the SGSN.
The output from the show l2relay statistics command is similar to the output in the following display:
router# show l2relay statistics
l2relay uid = 3 unit-type = D
l2relay echo-time = 10 flow control enable = 1
l2relay reset_value = 164 l2rly_pak_drop = 0
l2relay_inputQ len = 0 l2relay_mgmtQ len = 0
l2relay_flow_quench at 80 % resume at 20 %
l2relay pilot_uid = 1
l2relay topology:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
FastEthernet3/0
Type UID mac_address1 Tx/Rx mac_address2 Tx/Rx Cngst OQlen
D 3 0050.2a53.0854 1/1 0000.0000.0000 0/0 0 0
T 1 0040.05a2.26cb 1/1 0000.0000.0000 0/0 0 0
l2relay accounting:
------------------------------------------------------------
Type UID Byte_out/Pak_out Byte_in/Pak_in
D 3 16936/542 0/0
T 1 0/0 0/0
The output from the show l2relay statistics commands provides information about the following:
The following table describes the L2 Relay statistics and configuration fields:.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
l2relay uid | Unit ID of the SGSN component running on the router. |
unit-type | Type of SGSN unit running on the router: D indicates an SGSN-D unit; T indicates an SGSN-T unit. |
l2relay echo-time | Configured value for the L2 Relay echo interval. |
flow control enable | Indicates whether flow control is enabled on the SGSN unit: 0 indicates flow control is enabled; 1 indicates it is disabled. |
l2relay reset_value | Number of times that the SGSN D-unit or T-unit has been reset. |
l2rly_pak_drop | Number of packets dropped by the L2 Relay Protocol module |
l2relay_inputQ len | Current length of the L2 Relay input queue. |
l2relay_mgmtQ len | Current length of the L2 Relay management queue. |
l2relay_flow_quench at | Current L2 Relay quench percentage setting. |
resume at | Current L2 Relay resume percentage setting. |
l2relay pilot_uid | Currently configured L2 Relay pilot unit ID. |
The second part of the output from show l2relay statistics shows L2 Relay topology information about each SGSN unit that is running. This information includes the following:
The last part of the output from the show l2relay statistics command shows L2 Relay accounting information for each SGSN unit. This information includes the following.
Type—Type of SGSN unit: D indicates an SGSN-D unit; T indicates an SGSN-T unit.
UID—The unit ID configured for the unit.
Byte_out/Pak_out—Number of bytes and packets output by this unit.
Byte_in/Pak_in—Number of bytes and packets input to this unit.
Examples
The following example shows output from the show l2relay statistics command:
router# show l2relay statistics
This section documents the new debug commands related to the GPRS feature:
|
Caution The following debug commands are used only with certain operator-specific SGSN implementations. These commands are not used for any standard SGSN debug purposes: debug gprs isgsn packets, debug l2relay events, and debug l2relay packets. |
To display information about GPRS charging events on the GGSN, use the debug gprs charging events command. To disable debugging output, use the no form of the command.
debug gprs charging eventsSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the debug gprs charging events command to troubleshoot problems with the GPRS charging functions. This command is useful for system operators if problems are encountered with the charging functions.
|
Caution Because the debug gprs charging events command generates a significant amount of output, use it only when traffic on the GPRS network is low, so other activity on the system is not adversely affected. |
Examples
The following example displays GPRS charging events:
router# debug gprs charging events
Related Commands
Displays GPRS charging packet processing.
Command
Description
To troubleshoot problems with GPRS charging packet processing, use the debug gprs charging packets command. To disable debugging output, use the no form of the command.
debug gprs charging packetsSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the debug gprs charging packets command to troubleshoot problems with the GPRS charging functions. This is useful for system operators and development engineers if problems are encountered with the transmission of charging packets to the charging gateway.
|
Caution Because the debug gprs charging packets command generates a significant amount of output, use it only when traffic on the GPRS network is low, so other activity on the system is not adversely affected. |
Examples
The following example displays GPRS charging packets:
router# debug gprs charging packets
Related Commands
Displays GPRS charging events on the GGSN.
Command
Description
To display GPRS iSGSN packet processing, use the debug gprs isgsn packets command. To disable debugging output, use the no form of the command (SGSN only).
debug gprs isgsn packetsSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
The components of an SGSN running on a Cisco router communicate to other SGSN components using a proprietary protocol called the intra-Serving GPRS Support Node (iSGSN) protocol. To display the packets used by this protocol, use the debug gprs isgsn packets command.
|
Caution Because the debug gprs isgsn packets command generates a significant amount of output, use it only when traffic on the GPRS network is low, so other activity on the system is not adversely affected. |
Examples
The following example displays iSGSN packets:
router# debug gprs isgsn packets
Related Commands
Displays GTP packets. Displays GPRS charging packet processing.
Command
Description
To display information about GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) events, use the debug gprs gtp events command. To disable debugging output, use the no form of the command.
debug gprs gtp eventsSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the debug gprs gtp events command to troubleshoot problems with GPRS GTP events. This is useful for system operators and development engineers if problems are encountered with communication between the GGSN and the SGSN using GTP.
|
Caution Because the debug gprs gtp events command generates a significant amount of output, use it only when traffic on the GPRS network is low, so other activity on the system is not adversely affected. |
Examples
The following example enables the display of GTP events:
router# debug gprs gtp events
Related Commands
Displays GTP packets.
Command
Description
To display information about GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) packets, use the debug gprs gtp packets command. To disable debugging output, use the no form of the command.
debug gprs gtp packetsSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the debug gprs gtp packets command to troubleshoot problems with the transmission and reception of GPRS GTP packets from the GGSN. This is useful for system operators and development engineers if problems are encountered with the GTP.
|
Caution Because the debug gprs gtp packets command generates a significant amount of output, use it only when traffic on the GPRS network is low, so other activity on the system is not adversely affected. |
Examples
The following example enables the display of GTP packets:
router# debug gprs gtp packets
Related Commands
Displays GTP events.
Command
Description
To start debugging of Layer-2 Relay events, use the debug l2relay events command. To disable debugging output, use the no form of the command (SGSN only).
debug l2relay eventsSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
The SGSN module uses the proprietary Layer 2 Relay (L2 Relay) protocol in conjunction with the intra-Serving GPRS Support Node (iSGSN) protocol for communication between the SGSN-datacom (SGSN-D) and SGSN-telecom (SGSN-T) units that comprise the SGSN.
For debugging purposes, it might also be useful to trace L2 Relay packets. To display information about L2 Relay packets, use the debug l2relay packets command.
Normally you will not need to use the debug l2relay events or debug l2relay packets commands. If problems with the SGSN are encountered, Cisco technical support personnel may request that issue the command.
|
Caution Because the debug l2relay events command generates a significant amount of output, use it only when traffic on the GPRS network is low, so other activity on the system is not adversely affected. |
Examples
The following example enables the display of L2 Relay events:
router# debug l2relay events
Related Commands
Displays Layer 2 Relay (L2 Relay) packets (SGSN only).
Command
Description
To display information about Layer 2 Relay (L2 Relay) packets, use the debug l2relay packets command. To disable debugging output, use the no form of the command (SGSN only).
debug l2relay packetsSyntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command History
12.1(1)GA This command was introduced. 12.1(3)T This command was implemented in the T-train.
Release
Modification
Usage Guidelines
Use the debug l2relay packets command to display information about Layer 2 Relay packets.
The SGSN module uses the proprietary L2 Relay protocol in conjunction with the intra-Serving GPRS Support Node (iSGSN) protocol for communication between the SGSN-datacom (SGSN-D) and SGSN-telecom (SGSN-T) units that comprise the SGSN.
For debugging purposes, it might also be useful to trace L2 Relay events. To display information about L2 Relay events, use the debug l2relay events command.
Normally you will not need to use the debug l2relay packets or debug l2relay events commands. If problems with the SGSN are encountered, Cisco technical support personnel may request that you issue the command.
|
Caution Because the debug l2relay packets command generates a significant amount of output, use it only when traffic on the GPRS network is low, so other activity on the system is not adversely affected. |
Examples
The following example enables the display of L2 relay packets:
router# debug l2relay packets
Related Commands
Displays Layer 2 Relay events (SGSN only).
Command
Description
APN—access point name. Identifies a PDN that is configured on and accessible from a GGSN in a GPRS network.
BSC—base station controller. Provides the control functions and physical links between the MSC and BTS in a GSM mobile wireless network. The BSC controls the interface between the SGSN and the BTS in a GPRS network. The BSC is a high-capacity telephony switch that provides handoff functions, cell configuration data, and controls radio frequency power levels in BTSs. The combined functions of the BSC and BTS are referred to as the BSS.
BSS—base station subsystem. Refers to the radio-related functions provided by the BTS and BSC in a GSM mobile wireless network.
BTS—base transceiver station. A land-based station in a GSM mobile wireless network that consists of transceivers and antennas, which handle the radio interface to a mobile station. One or more BTSs are controlled by a BSC. The combined functions of the BTS and BSC are referred to as the BSS.
CDR—call detail record. Used in the original telephony networks, and now extended to mobile wireless network calls, the CDR contains billing information for charging purposes. In a GPRS network, the charging gateway sends the billing information within a CDR to the network service provider for that subscriber.
Ga interface—Interface between a GGSN and CG in a GPRS network.
GGSN—gateway GPRS support node. A GPRS network entity that serves as the mobile wireless gateway between an SGSN and PDNs. The GGSN allows mobile users to access PDNs.
Gi interface—Reference point between a GPRS network and an external packet data network.
Gn interface—Interface between GSNs within the same PLMN in a GPRS network. GTP is a protocol defined on both the Gn and Gp interfaces between GSNs in a GPRS network.
GP interface—Interface between GSNs within different PLMNs in a GPRS network. GTP is a protocol defined on both the Gp and Gn interfaces between GSNs in a GPRS network.
GPRS—General Packet Radio Service. An ETSI standard that defines the implementation of packet data services on a GSM network.
GSM—Global System for Mobile Communication. A second generation (2G) mobile wireless networking standard defined by ETSI, GSM is widely deployed throughout the world. GSM uses TDMA technology and operates in the 900-MHz radio band.
GSN—GPRS support node. GSN (or GSNs) refers to the general functions of a group of both GGSNs and SGSNs in a GPRS network.
GTP—GPRS tunneling protocol. GTP handles the flow of user packet data and signaling information between the SGSN and GGSN in a GPRS network. GTP is defined on both the Gn and Gp interfaces of a GPRS network.
GTP tunnel—Used to communicate between an external packet data network and a mobile station in a GPRS network. A GTP tunnel is referenced by an identifier called a TID and is defined by two associated PDP contexts residing in different GSNs. A tunnel is created whenever an SGSN sends a Create PDP Context Request in a GPRS network.
HLR—home location register. A database that contains information about subscribers to a mobile network. The HLR registers subscribers for a particular service provider. The HLR stores "permanent" subscriber information (rather than temporary subscriber data, which a VLR manages), including the service profile, location information, and activity status of the mobile user.
IMSI—international mobile subscriber identity. A unique identifier stored in the SIM of a mobile station. The MS sends the IMSI to a BTS for identification of the MS in the GSM network. The BTS looks for the IMSI in the HLR.
MS—mobile station. Refers generically to any mobile device, such as a mobile handset or computer, that is used to access network services. GPRS networks support three classes of MS, which describe the type of operation supported within the GPRS and GSM mobile wireless networks. For example, a Class A MS supports simultaneous operation of GPRS and GSM services.
MSC—mobile switching center. Provides telephony switching services and controls calls between telephone and data systems.
PCU—packet control unit. A network component that normally resides in a BSC and directs packet traffic to the SGSN for processing by the GPRS network.
PDN—public/private/packet data network. Represents a public or private packet-based network, such as an IP or X.25 network. When used to represent a public data network, PDN refers to a network operated either by a government (as in Europe) or by a private concern to provide computer communications to the public, usually for a fee. PDNs enable small organizations to create a WAN without all the equipment costs of long-distance circuits.
PDP—packet data protocol. Network protocol used by external packet data networks that communicate with a GPRS network. IP is an example of a PDP supported by GPRS.
PDP context—Refers to a set of information (such as a charging ID) that describes a mobile wireless service call or session, which is used by mobile stations and GSNs in a GPRS network to identify the session.
PLMN—public land mobile network. Generic name for all mobile wireless networks that use earth-based stations rather than satellites. PLMN is the mobile equivalent of the PSTN.
SGSN—serving GPRS support node. A GPRS network entity that sends data to and receives data from mobile stations, and maintains information about the location of an MS. The SGSN communicates between the MS and the GGSN; the GGSN provides access to the data network.
SIM—subscriber identity module. Component of an MS in a GSM network that contains all of the subscriber information.
SMG—Special Mobile Group. A standards body within ETSI that develops specifications related to mobile networking technologies such as GSM and GPRS.
TDMA—time division multiple access. A method of dividing a transmission channel to be shared by multiple users through the assignment of time slots.
TID—tunnel identifier. Used to identify a GTP tunnel between two GSNs in a GPRS network. Contains an MM Context ID and an NSAPI. A tunnel is created whenever an SGSN sends a Create PDP Context Request in a GPRS network. See also GTP tunnel.
TMSI—temporary mobile subscriber identity. A temporary code used to identify an MS, which is assigned using encryption after the MS is identified to the HLR.
VLR—visitor location register. A database that contains temporary information about subscribers who roam into an area controlled by another MSC. The VLR communicates with the HLR of the subscriber to request data about that subscriber.
Posted: Tue Sep 19 17:26:47 PDT 2000
Copyright 1989-2000©Cisco Systems Inc.