IP Addressing Commands

Use the commands in this chapter to configure and monitor the addressing of IP networks. For IP addressing configuration information and examples, refer to the "Configuring IP Addressing" chapter of the Cisco IOS IP and IP Routing Configuration Guide.

arp (global)

To add a permanent entry in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache, use the arp global configuration command. To remove an entry from the ARP cache, use the no form of this command.

arp ip-address hardware-address type [alias]

no arp ip-address hardware-address type [alias]

Syntax Description

ip-address

IP address in four-part dotted-decimal format corresponding to the local data link address.

hardware-address

Local data link address (a 48-bit address).

type

Encapsulation description. For Ethernet interfaces, this is typically the arpa keyword. For Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) and Token Ring interfaces, this is always snap.

alias

(Optional) Indicates that the Cisco IOS software should respond to ARP requests as if it were the owner of the specified address.

ip-address	IP address in four-part dotted-decimal format corresponding to the local data link address.
hardware-address	Local data link address (a 48-bit address).
type	Encapsulation description. For Ethernet interfaces, this is typically the arpa keyword. For Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) and Token Ring interfaces, this is always snap.
alias	(Optional) Indicates that the Cisco IOS software should respond to ARP requests as if it were the owner of the specified address.

Defaults

No entries are permanently installed in the ARP cache.

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Release	Modification
10.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The Cisco IOS software uses ARP cache entries to translate 32-bit IP addresses into 48-bit hardware addresses.

Because most hosts support dynamic resolution, you generally do not need to specify static ARP cache entries.

To remove all nonstatic entries from the ARP cache, use the clear arp-cache privileged EXEC command.

Examples

The following is an example of a static ARP entry for a typical Ethernet host:

arp 192.31.7.19 0800.0900.1834 arpa

Related Commands

Command Description

clear arp-cache

Deletes all dynamic entries from the ARP cache.

Command	Description
clear arp-cache	Deletes all dynamic entries from the ARP cache.

arp (interface)

To control the interface-specific handling of IP address resolution into 48-bit Ethernet, FDDI, Frame-Relay, and Token Ring hardware addresses, use the arp interface configuration command. To disable an encapsulation type, use the no form of this command.

arp {arp a | frame-relay | probe | snap}

no arp {arpa | frame-relay | probe | snap}

Syntax Description

arpa

Standard Ethernet-style ARP (RFC 826).

frame-relay

Enables ARP over a frame-relay encapsulated interface.

probe

HP Probe protocol for IEEE-802.3 networks.

snap

ARP packets conforming to RFC 1042.

arpa	Standard Ethernet-style ARP (RFC 826).
frame-relay	Enables ARP over a frame-relay encapsulated interface.
probe	HP Probe protocol for IEEE-802.3 networks.
snap	ARP packets conforming to RFC 1042.

Defaults

Standard Ethernet-style ARP

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Release	Modification
10.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Unlike most commands that take multiple arguments, arguments to the arp command are not mutually exclusive. Each command enables or disables a specific type of ARP. For example, if you enter the arp arpa command followed by the arp probe command, the Cisco IOS software would send three (two for probe and one for arpa) packets each time it needed to discover a MAC address.

The arp probe command allows the software to use the Probe protocol (in addition to ARP) whenever it attempts to resolve an IEEE-802.3 or Ethernet local data link address. The subset of Probe that performs address resolution is called Virtual Address Request and Reply. Using Probe, the software can communicate transparently with Hewlett-Packard IEEE-802.3 hosts that use this type of data encapsulation.

Note Cisco support for HP Probe proxy support changed as of Software Release 8.3(2) and subsequent software releases. The no arp probe command is now the default. All interfaces that will use Probe must now be explicitly configured for the arp probe command.

Given a network protocol address (IP address), the arp frame-relay command determines the corresponding hardware address, which would be a data link connection identifier (DLCI) for frame relay.

The show interfaces EXEC command displays the type of ARP being used on a particular interface. To remove all nonstatic entries from the ARP cache, use the clear arp-cache privileged EXEC command.

Examples

The following example enables probe services:

interface ethernet 0
 arp probe

Related Commands

Command Description

clear arp-cache

Deletes all dynamic entries from the ARP cache.

show interfaces

Displays statistics for all interfaces configured on the router or access server.

Command	Description
clear arp-cache	Deletes all dynamic entries from the ARP cache.
show interfaces	Displays statistics for all interfaces configured on the router or access server.

arp timeout

To configure how long an entry remains in the ARP cache, use the arp timeout interface configuration command. To restore the default value, use the no form of this command.

arp timeout seconds

no arp timeout seconds

Syntax Description

seconds

Time (in seconds) that an entry remains in the ARP cache. A value of zero means that entries are never cleared from the cache.

seconds	Time (in seconds) that an entry remains in the ARP cache. A value of zero means that entries are never cleared from the cache.

Defaults

14400 seconds (4 hours)

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Release	Modification
10.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

This command is ignored when issued on interfaces that do not use ARP. The show interfaces EXEC command displays the ARP timeout value. The value follows the "Entry Timeout:" heading, as seen in this sample show interfaces display:

ARP type: ARPA, PROBE, Entry Timeout: 14400 sec

Examples

The following example sets the ARP timeout to 12000 seconds to allow entries to time out more quickly than the default:

interface ethernet 0
 arp timeout 12000

Related Commands

Command Description

show interfaces

Displays statistics for all interfaces configured on the router or access server.

Command	Description
show interfaces	Displays statistics for all interfaces configured on the router or access server.

clear arp-cache

To delete all dynamic entries from the ARP cache, to clear the fast-switching cache, and to clear the IP route cache, use the clear arp-cache EXEC command.

clear arp-cache

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Release	Modification
10.0	This command was introduced.

Examples

The following example removes all dynamic entries from the ARP cache and clears the fast-switching cache:

clear arp-cache

Related Commands

Command Description

arp (global)

Adds a permanent entry in the ARP cache.

arp (interface)

Controls the interface-specific handling of IP address resolution into 48-bit Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring hardware addresses.

Command	Description
arp (global)	Adds a permanent entry in the ARP cache.
arp (interface)	Controls the interface-specific handling of IP address resolution into 48-bit Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring hardware addresses.

clear host

To delete entries from the host-name-and-address cache, use the clear host EXEC command.

clear host {name | *}

Syntax Description

name

Particular host entry to remove.

*

Removes all entries.

name	Particular host entry to remove.
*	Removes all entries.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Release	Modification
10.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The host name entries will not be removed from NVRAM, but will be cleared in running memory.

Examples

The following example clears all entries from the host name-and-address cache:

clear host *

Related Commands

Command Description

ip host

Defines a static host name-to-address mapping in the host cache.

show hosts

Displays the default domain name, the style of name lookup service, a list of name server hosts, and the cached list of host names and addresses.

Command	Description
ip host	Defines a static host name-to-address mapping in the host cache.
show hosts	Displays the default domain name, the style of name lookup service, a list of name server hosts, and the cached list of host names and addresses.

clear ip nat translation

To clear dynamic Network Address Translation (NAT) translations from the translation table, use the clear ip nat translation EXEC command.

clear ip nat translation {* | [inside global-ip local-ip] [outside local-ip global-ip]}

clear ip nat translation protocol inside global-ip global-port local-ip local-port [outside
local-ip global-ip]

Syntax Description

*

Clears all dynamic translations.

inside

Clears the inside translations containing the specified global-ip and local-ip addresses.

global-ip

When used without the arguments protocol, global-port, and local-port, clears a simple translation that also contains the specified local-ip address. When used with the arguments protocol, global-port, and local-port, clears an extended translation.

local-ip

(Optional) Clears an entry that contains this local IP address and the specified global-ip address.

outside

Clears the outside translations containing the specified global-ip and local-ip addresses.

protocol

(Optional) Clears an entry that contains this protocol and the specified global-ip address, local-ip address, global-port, and local-port.

global-port

(Optional) Clears an entry that contains this global-port and the specified protocol, global-ip address, local-ip address, and local-port.

local-port

(Optional) Clears an entry that contains this local-port and the specified protocol, global-ip address, local-ip address, and global-port.

*	Clears all dynamic translations.
inside	Clears the inside translations containing the specified global-ip and local-ip addresses.
global-ip	When used without the arguments protocol, global-port, and local-port, clears a simple translation that also contains the specified local-ip address. When used with the arguments protocol, global-port, and local-port, clears an extended translation.
local-ip	(Optional) Clears an entry that contains this local IP address and the specified global-ip address.
outside	Clears the outside translations containing the specified global-ip and local-ip addresses.
protocol	(Optional) Clears an entry that contains this protocol and the specified global-ip address, local-ip address, global-port, and local-port.
global-port	(Optional) Clears an entry that contains this global-port and the specified protocol, global-ip address, local-ip address, and local-port.
local-port	(Optional) Clears an entry that contains this local-port and the specified protocol, global-ip address, local-ip address, and global-port.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

11.2

This command was introduced.

Release	Modification
11.2	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Use this command to clear entries from the translation table before they time out.

Examples

The following example shows the NAT entries before and after the UDP entry being cleared:

Router# show ip nat translation
Pro Inside global      Inside local       Outside local      Outside global
udp 171.69.233.209:1220 192.168.1.95:1220 171.69.2.132:53    171.69.2.132:53
tcp 171.69.233.209:11012 192.168.1.89:11012 171.69.1.220:23  171.69.1.220:23
tcp 171.69.233.209:1067 192.168.1.95:1067 171.69.1.161:23    171.69.1.161:23
 
Router# clear ip nat translation udp inside 171.69.233.209 1220 192.168.1.95 1220
171.69.2.132 53 171.69.2.132 53
 
Router# show ip nat translation 
Pro Inside global      Inside local       Outside local      Outside global
tcp 171.69.233.209:11012 192.168.1.89:11012 171.69.1.220:23  171.69.1.220:23
tcp 171.69.233.209:1067 192.168.1.95:1067 171.69.1.161:23    171.69.1.161:23

Related Commands

Command Description

ip nat

Designates that traffic originating from or destined for the interface is subject to NAT.

ip nat inside destination

Enables NAT of the inside destination address.

ip nat inside source

Enables NAT of the inside source address.

ip nat outside source

Enables NAT of the outside source address.

ip nat pool

Defines a pool of IP addresses for NAT.

ip nat translation

Changes the amount of time after which NAT translations time out.

show ip nat statistics

Displays NAT statistics.

show ip nat translations

Displays active NAT translations.

Command	Description
ip nat	Designates that traffic originating from or destined for the interface is subject to NAT.
ip nat inside destination	Enables NAT of the inside destination address.
ip nat inside source	Enables NAT of the inside source address.
ip nat outside source	Enables NAT of the outside source address.
ip nat pool	Defines a pool of IP addresses for NAT.
ip nat translation	Changes the amount of time after which NAT translations time out.
show ip nat statistics	Displays NAT statistics.
show ip nat translations	Displays active NAT translations.

clear ip nhrp

To clear all dynamic entries from the Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) cache, use the clear ip nhrp EXEC command.

clear ip nhrp

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

11.0

This command was introduced.

Release	Modification
11.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

This command does not clear any static (configured) IP-to-nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) address mappings from the NHRP cache.

Examples

The following example clears all dynamic entries from the NHRP cache for the interface:

clear ip nhrp

Related Commands

Command Description

show ip nhrp

Displays the NHRP cache.

Command	Description
show ip nhrp	Displays the NHRP cache.

clear ip route

To delete routes from the IP routing table, use the clear ip route EXEC command.

clear ip route {network [mask] | *}

Syntax Description

network

Network or subnet address to remove.

mask

(Optional) Subnet address to remove.

*

Removes all routing table entries.

network	Network or subnet address to remove.
mask	(Optional) Subnet address to remove.
*	Removes all routing table entries.

Defaults

All entries are removed.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Release	Modification
10.0	This command was introduced.

Examples

The following example removes a route to network 132.5.0.0 from the IP routing table:

clear ip route 132.5.0.0

ip address

To set a primary or secondary IP address for an interface, use the ip address interface configuration command. To remove an IP address or disable IP processing, use the no form of this command.

ip address ip-address mask [secondary]

no ip address ip-address mask [secondary]

Syntax Description

ip-address

IP address.

mask

Mask for the associated IP subnet.

secondary

(Optional) Specifies that the configured address is a secondary IP address. If this keyword is omitted, the configured address is the primary IP address.

ip-address	IP address.
mask	Mask for the associated IP subnet.
secondary	(Optional) Specifies that the configured address is a secondary IP address. If this keyword is omitted, the configured address is the primary IP address.

Defaults

No IP address is defined for the interface.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Release	Modification
10.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

An interface can have one primary IP address and multiple secondary IP addresses. Packets generated by the Cisco IOS software always use the primary IP address. Therefore, all routers and access servers on a segment should share the same primary network number.

Hosts can determine subnet masks using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Mask Request message. Routers respond to this request with an ICMP Mask Reply message.

You can disable IP processing on a particular interface by removing its IP address with the no ip address command. If the software detects another host using one of its IP addresses, it will print an error message on the console.

The optional keyword secondary allows you to specify an unlimited number of secondary addresses. Secondary addresses are treated like primary addresses, except the system never generates datagrams other than routing updates with secondary source addresses. IP broadcasts and ARP requests are handled properly, as are interface routes in the IP routing table.

Secondary IP addresses can be used in a variety of situations. The following are the most common applications:

There may not be enough host addresses for a particular network segment. For example, your subnetting allows up to 254 hosts per logical subnet, but on one physical subnet you need to have 300 host addresses. Using secondary IP addresses on the routers or access servers allows you to have two logical subnets using one physical subnet.

Many older networks were built using Level 2 bridges. The judicious use of secondary addresses can aid in the transition to a subnetted, router-based network. Routers on an older, bridged segment can be easily made aware that there are many subnets on that segment.

Two subnets of a single network might otherwise be separated by another network. This situation is not permitted when subnets are in use. In these instances, the first network is extended, or layered on top of the second network using secondary addresses.

Note If any router on a network segment uses a secondary address, all other devices on that same segment must also use a secondary address from the same network or subnet. Inconsistent use of secondary addresses on a network segment can very quickly cause routing loops.

Note When you are routing Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), ensure that all secondary addresses of an interface fall into the same OSPF area as the primary addresses.

To transparently bridge IP on an interface, you must do two things:

Disable IP routing (specify no ip routing).

Add the interface to a bridge group. (See the bridge-group command.)

To concurrently route and transparently bridge IP on an interface, see the bridge crb command.

Examples

In the following example, 131.108.1.27 is the primary address and 192.31.7.17 and 192.31.8.17 are secondary addresses for Ethernet interface 0:

interface ethernet 0
 ip address 131.108.1.27 255.255.255.0
 ip address 192.31.7.17 255.255.255.0 secondary
 ip address 192.31.8.17 255.255.255.0 secondary

Related Commands

Command Description

bridge crb

Enables the Cisco IOS software to both route and bridge a given protocol on separate interfaces within a single router.

bridge-group

Assigns each network interface to a bridge group.

ip broadcast-address

To define a broadcast address for an interface, use the ip broadcast-address interface configuration command. To restore the default IP broadcast address, use the no form of this command.

ip broadcast-address [ip-address]

no ip broadcast-address [ip-address]

Syntax Description

ip-address

(Optional) IP broadcast address for a network.

Defaults

Default address: 255.255.255.255 (all ones)

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Examples

The following example specifies an IP broadcast address of 0.0.0.0:

ip broadcast-address 0.0.0.0

ip cef traffic-statistics

To change the time interval that controls when Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) will set up or tear down a switched virtual circuit (SVC), use the ip cef traffic-statistics global configuration command. To restore the default values, use the no form of this command.

ip cef traffic-statistics [load-interval seconds] [update-rate seconds]

no ip cef traffic-statistics

Syntax Description

load-interval seconds

(Optional) Length of time (in 30-second increments) during which the average trigger-threshold and teardown-threshold are calculated before an SVC setup or teardown action is taken. (These thresholds are configured in the ip nhrp trigger-svc command.) The load-interval range is 30 seconds to 300 seconds, in 30-second increments. The default value is 30 seconds.

update-rate seconds

(Optional) Frequency that the port adapter sends the accounting statistics to the RP. When using NHRP in distributed CEF switching mode, this value must be set to 5 seconds. The default value is 10 seconds.

Defaults

load-interval: 30 seconds

update-rate: 10 seconds

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

12.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The thresholds in the ip nhrp trigger-svc command must be exceeded during a certain time interval, which is 30 seconds by default. To change that interval, use the load-interval seconds argument of the ip cef traffic-statistics command.

When NHRP is configured on a CEF switching node with a VIP2 adapter, you must make sure the update-rate keyword is set to 5 seconds.

Other features could also use the ip cef traffic-statistics command; this NHRP feature relies on it.

Examples

In the following example, the triggering and teardown thresholds are calculated based on an average over 120 seconds:

ip cef traffic-statistics load-interval 120

Related Commands

Command Description

ip nhrp trigger-svc

Configures when NHRP will set up and tear down an SVC based on aggregate traffic rates.

ip classless

At times the router might receive packets destined for a subnet of a network that has no network default route. To have the Cisco IOS software forward such packets to the best supernet route possible, use the ip classless global configuration command. To disable this feature, use the no form of this command.

ip classless

no ip classless

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Defaults

Enabled

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

11.3

The default behavior changed from disabled to enabled.

Usage Guidelines

This command allows the software to forward packets that are destined for unrecognized subnets of directly connected networks. The packets are forwarded to the best supernet route.

When this feature is disabled, the software discards the packets when a router receives packets for a subnet that numerically falls within its subnetwork addressing scheme, if there is no such subnet number in the routing table and there is no network default route.

Examples

The following example prevents the software from forwarding packets destined for an unrecognized subnet to the best supernet possible:

no ip classless

ip default-gateway

To define a default gateway (router) when IP routing is disabled, use the ip default-gateway global configuration command. To disable this function, use the no form of this command.

ip default-gateway ip-address

no ip default-gateway ip-address

Syntax Description

ip-address

IP address of the router.

Defaults

Disabled

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The Cisco IOS software sends any packets that need the assistance of a gateway to the address you specify. If another gateway has a better route to the requested host, the default gateway sends an ICMP Redirect message back. The ICMP Redirect message indicates which local router the Cisco IOS software should use.

Examples

The following example defines the router on IP address 192.31.7.18 as the default router:

ip default-gateway 192.31.7.18

Related Commands

Command Description

ip redirects

Enables the sending of ICMP Redirect messages if the Cisco IOS software is forced to resend a packet through the same interface on which it was received.

show ip redirects

Displays the address of a default gateway (router) and the address of hosts for which an ICMP Redirect message has been received.

ip directed-broadcast

To enable the translation of directed broadcast to physical broadcasts, use the ip directed-broadcast interface configuration command. To disable this function, use the no form of this command.

ip directed-broadcast [access-list-number]

no ip directed-broadcast [access-list-number]

Syntax Description

access-list-number

(Optional) Number of the access list. If specified, a broadcast must pass the access list to be forwarded.

Defaults

Disabled; all IP directed broadcasts are dropped.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

12.0

The default behavior changed to directed broadcasts being dropped.

Usage Guidelines

If this feature is enabled, only those protocols configured using the ip forward-protocol global configuration command are forwarded.

An access list may be specified to control which broadcasts are forwarded. When an access list is specified, only those IP packets permitted by the access list are eligible to be translated from directed broadcasts to physical broadcasts.

Prior to Cisco IOS Release 12.0, IP directed broadcasts were forwarded by default (for those protocols using the ip forward-protocol global configuration command).

Examples

The following example enables forwarding of IP directed broadcasts on Ethernet interface 0:

interface ethernet 0
 ip directed-broadcast

Related Commands

Command Description

ip forward-protocol

Specifies which protocols and ports the router forwards when forwarding broadcast packets.

ip domain-list

To define a list of default domain names to complete unqualified host names, use the ip domain-list global configuration command. To delete a name from a list, use the no form of this command.

ip domain-list name

no ip domain-list name

Syntax Description

name

Domain name. Do not include the initial period that separates an unqualified name from the domain name.

Defaults

No domain names are defined.

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

If there is no domain list, the domain name that you specified with the ip domain-name global configuration command is used. If there is a domain list, the default domain name is not used. The ip domain-list command is similar to the ip domain-name command, except that with the ip domain-list command you can define a list of domains, each to be tried in turn.

Examples

The following example adds several domain names to a list:

ip domain-list martinez.com
ip domain-list stanford.edu

The following example adds a name to and then deletes a name from the list:

ip domain-list sunya.edu
no ip domain-list stanford.edu

Related Commands

Command Description

ip domain-name

Defines a default domain name to complete unqualified host names (names without a dotted-decimal domain name).

ip domain-lookup

To enable the IP Domain Naming System (DNS)-based host name-to-address translation, use the ip domain-lookup global configuration command. To disable the DNS, use the no form of this command.

ip domain-lookup

no ip domain-lookup

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Defaults

Enabled

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Examples

The following example enables the IP Domain Naming System-based host name-to-address translation:

ip domain-lookup

Related Commands

Command Description

ip domain-name

Defines a default domain name to complete unqualified host names (names without a dotted-decimal domain name).

ip name-server

Specifies the address of one or more name servers to use for name and address resolution.

ip domain-name

To define a default domain name that the Cisco IOS software uses to complete unqualified host names (names without a dotted-decimal domain name), use the ip domain-name global configuration command. To disable use of the DNS, use the no form of this command.

ip domain-name name

no ip domain-name

Syntax Description

name

Default domain name used to complete unqualified host names. Do not include the initial period that separates an unqualified name from the domain name.

Defaults

Enabled

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Any IP host name that does not contain a domain name (that is, any name without a dot), will have the dot and cisco.com appended to it before being added to the host table.

Examples

The following example defines cisco.com as the default domain name:

ip domain-name cisco.com

Related Commands

Command Description

ip domain-list

Defines a list of default domain names to complete unqualified host names.

ip domain-lookup

Enables the IP DNS-based host name-to-address translation.

ip name-server

Specifies the address of one or more name servers to use for name and address resolution.

ip forward-protocol

To specify which protocols and ports the router forwards when forwarding broadcast packets, use the ip forward-protocol global configuration command. To remove a protocol or port, use the no form of this command.

ip forward-protocol {udp [port] | nd | sdns}

no ip forward-protocol {udp [port] | nd | sdns}

Syntax Description

udp

Forward User Datagram Protocol (UDP) datagrams. See the "Defaults" section below for a list of port numbers forwarded by default.

port

(Optional) Destination port that controls which UDP services are forwarded.

nd

Forward Network Disk (ND) datagrams. This protocol is used by older diskless Sun workstations.

sdns

Secure Data Network Service.

Defaults

If an IP helper address is defined, UDP forwarding is enabled on default ports. If UDP flooding is configured, UDP flooding is enabled on the default ports.

If a helper address is specified and UDP forwarding is enabled, broadcast packets destined to the following port numbers are forwarded by default:

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) (port 69)
Domain Naming System (port 53)
Time service (port 37)
NetBIOS Name Server (port 137)
NetBIOS Datagram Server (port 138)
Boot Protocol (BOOTP) client and server datagrams (ports 67 and 68)
TACACS service (port 49)
IEN-116 Name Service (port 42)

Note Using the ip directed-broadcast interface configuration command with the optional access-list-number argument overrides the behavior of the ip forward-protocol command.

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Enabling a helper address or UDP flooding on an interface causes the Cisco IOS software to forward particular broadcast packets. You can use the ip forward-protocol command to specify exactly which types of broadcast packets you would like to have forwarded. A number of commonly forwarded applications are enabled by default. Enabling forwarding for some ports (for example, RIP) may be hazardous to your network.

If you use the ip forward-protocol command, specifying just UDP, without the port, enables forwarding and flooding on the default ports.

One common application that requires helper addresses is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). DHCP is defined in RFC 1531. DHCP protocol information is carried inside of BOOTP packets. To enable BOOTP broadcast forwarding for a set of clients, configure a helper address on the router interface closest to the client. The helper address should specify the address of the DHCP server. If you have multiple servers, you can configure one helper address for each server. Since BOOTP packets are forwarded by default, DHCP information can now be forwarded by the software. The DHCP server now receives broadcasts from the DHCP clients.

Examples

The following example uses the ip forward-protocol command to specify forwarding of UDP port 3001 in addition to the default ports, and then defines a helper address:

ip forward-protocol udp 3001
!
interface ethernet 1
 ip helper-address 131.120.1.0

Related Commands

Command Description

ip directed-broadcast

Enables the translation of directed broadcast to physical broadcasts.

ip forward-protocol spanning-tree

Permits IP broadcasts to be flooded throughout the internetwork in a controlled fashion.

ip forward-protocol turbo-flood

Speeds up flooding of UDP datagrams using the spanning-tree algorithm.

ip helper-address

Forwards UDP broadcasts, including BOOTP, received on an interface.

ip forward-protocol any-local-broadcast

To forward any broadcasts including local subnet broadcasts, use the ip forward-protocol any-local-broadcast global configuration command. To disable this type of forwarding, use the no form of this command.

ip forward-protocol any-local-broadcast

no ip forward-protocol any-local-broadcast

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Defaults

Disabled

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The ip forward-protocol any-local-broadcast command forwards packets similarly to how the ip forward-protocol spanning-tree command does. That is, it forwards packets whose contents are all ones (255.255.255.255), all zeros (0.0.0.0), and, if subnetting is enabled, all networks (131.108.255.255 as an example in the network number 131.108.0.0). This mechanism also forwards packets whose contents are the zeros version of the all-networks broadcast when subnetting is enabled (for example, 131.108.0.0). In addition, it forwards any local subnet broadcast packets.

Use the ip forward-protocol any-local-broadcast command in conjunction with the ip forward-protocol spanning-tree command, not as a replacement for it.

Examples

Assume a router is directly connected to subnet 1 of network 131.108.0.0 and that the netmask is 255.255.255.0. The following command enables the forwarding of IP broadcasts destined to 131.108.1.255 and 131.108.1.0 in addition to the broadcast addresses mentioned in the "Usage Guidelines" section:

ip forward-protocol any-local-broadcast

Related Commands

Command Description

ip forward-protocol spanning-tree

Permits IP broadcasts to be flooded throughout the internetwork in a controlled fashion.

ip forward-protocol spanning-tree

To permit IP broadcasts to be flooded throughout the internetwork in a controlled fashion, use the ip forward-protocol spanning-tree global configuration command. To disable the flooding of IP broadcasts, use the no form of this command.

ip forward-protocol spanning-tree

no ip forward-protocol spanning-tree

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Defaults

Disabled

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Packets must meet the following criteria to be considered for flooding:

The packet must be a MAC-level broadcast.
The packet must be an IP-level broadcast; that is, an all-network broadcast (255.255.255.255) or major network broadcast (131.108.255.255, for example).
The packet must be a TFTP, DNS, Time, NetBIOS, ND, or BOOTP packet, or a UDP protocol specified by the ip forward-protocol udp global configuration command.
The packet's time-to-live (TTL) value must be at least 2.

A flooded UDP datagram is given the destination address specified by the ip broadcast-address interface configuration command on the output interface. The destination address can be set to any desired address. Thus, the destination address may change as the datagram propagates through the network. The source address is never changed. The TTL value is decremented.

After a decision has been made to send the datagram out on an interface (and the destination address possibly changed), the datagram is handed to the normal IP output routines and is therefore subject to access lists, if they are present on the output interface.

The ip forward-protocol spanning-tree command uses the database created by the bridging spanning-tree protocol. Therefore, the transparent bridging option must be in the routing software, and bridging must be configured on each interface that is to participate in the flooding in order to support this capability.

If an interface does not have bridging configured, it still will be able to receive broadcasts, but it will never forward broadcasts received on that interface. Also, it will never use that interface to send broadcasts received on a different interface.

If no actual bridging is desired, you can configure a type-code bridging filter that will deny all packet types from being bridged. Refer to the "Configuring Transparent Bridging" chapter in the Cisco IOS Bridging and IBM Networking Configuration Guide for more information about using access lists to filter bridged traffic. The spanning-tree database is still available to the IP forwarding code to use for the flooding.

The spanning-tree-based flooding mechanism forwards packets whose contents are all ones (255.255.255.255), all zeros (0.0.0.0), and, if subnetting is enabled, all networks (131.108.255.255 as an example in the network number 131.108.0.0). This mechanism also forward packets whose contents are the zeros version of the all-networks broadcast when subnetting is enabled (for example, 131.108.0.0).

This command is an extension of the ip helper-address interface configuration command, in that the same packets that may be subject to the helper address and forwarded to a single network can now be flooded. Only one copy of the packet will be put on each network segment.

Examples

The following example permits IP broadcasts to be flooded through the internetwork in a controlled fashion:

ip forward-protocol spanning-tree

Related Commands

Command Description

ip broadcast-address

Defines a broadcast address for an interface.

ip forward-protocol

Specifies which protocols and ports the router forwards when forwarding broadcast packets.

ip forward-protocol turbo-flood

Speeds up flooding of UDP datagrams using the spanning-tree algorithm.

ip helper-address

Forwards UDP broadcasts, including BOOTP, received on an interface.

ip forward-protocol turbo-flood

To speed up flooding of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) datagrams using the spanning-tree algorithm, use the ip forward-protocol turbo-flood global configuration command. To disable this feature, use the no form of this command.

ip forward-protocol turbo-flood

no ip forward-protocol turbo-flood

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Defaults

Disabled

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Used in conjunction with the ip forward-protocol spanning-tree global configuration command, this feature is supported over Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)-encapsulated Ethernets, FDDI, and HDLC-encapsulated serials, but is not supported on Token Rings. As long as the Token Rings and the non-HDLC serials are not part of the bridge group being used for UDP flooding, turbo flooding will behave normally.

Examples

The following is an example of a two-port router using this feature:

ip forward-protocol turbo-flood
ip forward-protocol spanning-tree
!
interface ethernet 0
 ip address 128.9.1.1
 bridge-group 1
!
interface ethernet 1
 ip address 128.9.1.2
 bridge-group 1
!
 bridge 1 protocol dec

Related Commands

Command Description

ip forward-protocol

Specifies which protocols and ports the router forwards when forwarding broadcast packets.

ip forward-protocol spanning-tree

Permits IP broadcasts to be flooded throughout the internetwork in a controlled fashion.

ip helper-address

To have the Cisco IOS software forward User Datagram Protocol (UDP) broadcasts, including BOOTP, received on an interface, use the ip helper-address interface configuration command. To disable the forwarding of broadcast packets to specific addresses, use the no form of this command.

ip helper-address address

no ip helper-address address

Syntax Description

address

Destination broadcast or host address to be used when forwarding UDP broadcasts. There can be more than one helper address per interface.

Defaults

Disabled

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Combined with the ip forward-protocol global configuration command, the ip helper-address command allows you to control which broadcast packets and which protocols are forwarded.

One common application that requires helper addresses is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), which is defined in RFC 1531. DHCP protocol information is carried inside of BOOTP packets. To enable BOOTP broadcast forwarding for a set of clients, configure a helper address on the router interface closest to the client. The helper address should specify the address of the DHCP server. If you have multiple servers, you can configure one helper address for each server. Since BOOTP packets are forwarded by default, DHCP information can now be forwarded by the router. The DHCP server now receives broadcasts from the DHCP clients.

Note The ip helper-address command does not work on an X.25 interface on a destination router because the router cannot tell if the packet was intended as a physical broadcast.

Examples

The following example defines an address that acts as a helper address:

interface ethernet 1
 ip helper-address 121.24.43.2

Related Commands

Command Description

ip forward-protocol

Specifies which protocols and ports the router forwards when forwarding broadcast packets.

ip host

To define a static host name-to-address mapping in the host cache, use the ip host global configuration command. To remove the name-to-address mapping, use the no form of this command.

ip host name [tcp-port-number] address1 [address2...address8]

no ip host name address1

Syntax Description

name

Name of the host. The first character can be either a letter or a number. If you use a number, the operations you can perform are limited.

tcp-port-number

(Optional) TCP port number to connect to when using the defined host name in conjunction with an EXEC connect or Telnet command. The default is Telnet (port 23).

address1

Associated IP address.

address2...address8

(Optional) Additional associated IP address. You can bind up to eight addresses to a host name.

Defaults

Disabled

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The first character can be either a letter or a number. If you use a number, the operations you can perform (such as ping) are limited.

Examples

The following example defines two static mappings:

 ip host croff 192.31.7.18
 ip host bisso-gw 10.2.0.2 192.31.7.33

ip host-routing

To configure your communication server to act as a terminal server, use the ip host-routing global configuration command. To disable host-based routing, use the no form of this command.

ip host-routing

no ip host-routing

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Defaults

Disabled

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The functionality of this command compares to the functionality of the ip routing command as follows:

ip routing—Run the configured routing protocols. If communication servers are not configured do not send packets.

no ip routing—Do not run routing protocols. If the destination is not on the same subnet, use ARP and depend on proxies.

ip host-routing—Do not run routing protocols. If you are not on the same subnet, use ARP and depend on proxies. This command allows IP routing between the SLIP and PPP hosts attached to the communication server but uses host routing methods to send packets to devices and networks that are not directly attached.

Examples

The following example uses the ip host-routing command to configure the communication server to act as a terminal server:

 ip host-routing

Related Commands

Command Description

ip host

Defines a static host name-to-address mapping in the host cache.

ip routing

Enables IP routing.

ip hp-host

To enter into the host table the host name of an HP host to be used for HP Probe Proxy service, use the ip hp-host global configuration command. To remove a host name, use the no form of this command.

ip hp-host hostname ip-address

no ip hp-host hostname ip-address

Syntax Description

hostname

Name of the host.

ip-address

IP address of the host.

Defaults

No host names are defined.

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

To use the HP Proxy service, you must first enter the host name of the HP host into the host table using this command.

Examples

The following example specifies an HP host's name and address, and then enables Probe Proxy:

 ip hp-host BCWjo 131.108.1.27 
interface ethernet 0
 ip probe proxy

Related Commands

Command Description

ip probe proxy

Enables the HP Probe Proxy support, which allows the Cisco IOS software to respond to HP Probe Proxy Name requests.

ip irdp

To enable ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) processing o n an interface, use the ip irdp interface configuration command. To disable IRDP routing, use the no form of this command.

Syntax Description

multicast

(Optional) Use the multicast address (224.0.0.1) instead of IP broadcasts.

holdtime seconds

(Optional) Length of time in seconds advertisements are held valid. Default is three times the maxadvertinterval value. Must be greater than maxadvertinterval and cannot be greater than 9000 seconds.

maxadvertinterval seconds

(Optional) Maximum interval in seconds between advertisements. The default is 600 seconds.

minadvertinterval seconds

(Optional) Minimum interval in seconds between advertisements. The default is 0.75 times the maxadvertinterval. If you change the maxadvertinterval value, this value defaults to three-quarters of the new value.

preference number

(Optional) Preference value. The allowed range is -2³¹ to 2³¹. The default is 0. A higher value increases the router's preference level. You can modify a particular router so that it will be the preferred router to which others home.

address address [number]

(Optional) IP address (address) to proxy-advertise, and optionally, its preference value (number).

Defaults

Disabled

When enabled, IRDP uses these defaults:

Broadcast IRDP advertisements
Maximum interval between advertisements: 600 seconds
Minimum interval between advertisements: 0.75 times maxadvertinterval
Preference: 0

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

If you change the maxadvertinterval value, the other two values also change, so it is important to change the maxadvertinterval value first before changing either the holdtime or minadvertinterval values.

T he ip irdp multicast command allows for compatibility with Sun Microsystems Solaris, which requires IRDP packets to be sent out as multicasts. Many implementations cannot receive these multicasts; ensure end-host ability before using this command.

Examples

The following example sets the various IRDP processes:

! enable irdp on interface Ethernet 0
interface ethernet 0
 ip irdp 
! send IRDP advertisements to the multicast address
 ip irdp multicast
! increase router preference from 100 to 50
 ip irdp preference 50
! set maximum time between advertisements to 400 secs
 ip irdp maxadvertinterval 400
! set minimum time between advertisements to 100 secs
 ip irdp minadvertinterval 100
! advertisements are good for 6000 seconds
 ip irdp holdtime 6000
! proxy-advertise 131.108.14.5 with default router preference
 ip irdp address 131.108.14.5
! proxy-advertise 131.108.14.6 with preference of 50
 ip irdp address 131.108.14.6 50

Related Commands

Command Description

show ip irdp

Displays IRDP values.

ip mobile arp

To enable local-area mobility, use the ip mobile arp interface configuration command. To disable local-area mobility, use the no form of this command.

ip mobile arp [timers keepalive hold-time] [access-group access-list-number | name]

no ip mobile arp [timers keepalive hold-time] [access-group access-list-number | name]

Syntax Description

timers

(Optional) Indicates that you are setting local-area mobility timers.

keepalive

(Optional) Frequency, in seconds, at which the Cisco IOS software sends unicast ARP messages to a relocated host to verify that the host is present and has not moved. The default keepalive time is 300 seconds (5 minutes).

hold-time

(Optional) Hold time, in seconds. This is the length of time the software considers that a relocated host is present without receiving some type of ARP broadcast or unicast from the host. Normally, the hold time should be at least three times greater than the keepalive time. The default hold time is 900 seconds (15 minutes).

access-group

(Optional) Indicates that you are applying an access list. This access list applies only to local-area mobility.

access-list-number

(Optional) Number of a standard IP access list. It is a decimal number from 1 to 99. Only hosts with addresses permitted by this access list are accepted for local-area mobility.

name

(Optional) Name of an IP access list. The name cannot contain a space or quotation mark, and must begin with an alphabetic character to avoid ambiguity with numbered access lists.

Defaults

Local-area mobility is disabled.

If you enable local-area mobility:
keepalive = 300 seconds (5 minutes)
hold-time = 900 seconds (15 minutes)

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

11.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Local-area mobility is supported on Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI interfaces only.

To create larger mobility areas, you must first redistribute the mobile routes into your Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). The IGP must support host routes. You can use Enhanced IGRP, OSPF, or Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS); you can also use RIP, but this is not recommended. The mobile area must consist of a contiguous set of subnets.

Using an access list to control the list of possible mobile nodes is strongly encouraged. Without an access list, misconfigured hosts can be taken for mobile nodes and disrupt normal operations.

Examples

The following example configures local-area mobility on Ethernet interface 0:

 bridge 1 protocol ieee
access-list 10 permit 198.92.37.114
interface ethernet 0
 ip mobile arp access-group 10
 bridge-group 1

Related Commands

Command Description

access-list (IP standard)

Defines a standard IP access list.

bridge-group

Assigns each network interface to a bridge group.

bridge protocol

Defines the type of STP.

default-metric (BGP)

Sets default metric values for the BGP, OSPF, and RIP routing protocols.

default-metric (OSPF)

Sets default metric values for OSPF.

default-metric (RIP)

Sets default metric values for RIP.

network (BGP)

Specifies the list of networks for the BGP routing process.

network (IGRP)

Specifies a list of networks for the IGRP or Enhanced IGRP routing process.

network (RIP)

Specifies a list of networks for the RIP routing process.

redistribute (IP)

Redistributes routes from one routing domain into another routing domain.

router eigrp

Configures the IP Enhanced IGRP routing process.

router isis

Enables the IS-IS routing protocol and specifies an IS-IS process for IP.

router ospf

Configures an OSPF routing process.

ip name-server

To specify the address of one or more name servers to use for name and address resolution, use the ip name-server global configuration command. To remove the addresses specified, use the no form of this command.

ip name-server server-address1 [server-address2...server-address6]

no ip name-server server-address1 [server-address2...server-address6]

Syntax Description

server-address1

IP addresses of name server.

server-address2...server-address6

(Optional) IP addresses of additional name servers (a maximum of six name servers).

Defaults

No name server addresses are specified.

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Examples

The following example specifies host 131.108.1.111 as the primary name server and host 131.108.1.2 as the secondary server:

ip name-server 131.108.1.111 131.108.1.2

This command will be reflected in the configuration file as follows:

ip name-server 131.108.1.111
ip name-server 131.108.1.2

Related Commands

Command Description

ip domain-lookup

Enables the IP DNS-based host name-to-address translation.

ip domain-name

Defines a default domain name to complete unqualified host names (names without a dotted-decimal domain name).

ip nat

To designate that traffic originating from or destined for the interface is subject to Network Address Translation (NAT), use the ip nat interface configuration command. To prevent the interface from being able to translate, use the no form of this command.

ip nat {inside | outside}

no ip nat {inside | outside}

Syntax Description

inside

Indicates the interface is connected to the inside network (the network subject to NAT translation).

outside

Indicates the interface is connected to the outside network.

Defaults

Traffic leaving or arriving at this interface is not subject to network address translation.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

11.2

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Only packets moving between "inside" and "outside" interfaces can be translated. You must specify at least one inside interface and outside interface for each border router where you intend to use NAT.

Examples

The following example translates between inside hosts addressed from either the 192.168.1.0 or 192.168.2.0 networks to the globally unique 171.69.233.208/28 network:

ip nat pool net-208 171.69.233.208 171.69.233.223 prefix-length 28
ip nat inside source list 1 pool net-208
!
interface ethernet 0
 ip address 171.69.232.182 255.255.255.240
 ip nat outside
!
interface ethernet 1
 ip address 192.168.1.94 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside
!
access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 1 permit 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

Related Commands

Command Description

clear ip nat translation

Clears dynamic NAT translations from the translation table.

ip nat inside destination

Enables NAT of the inside destination address.

ip nat inside source

Enables NAT of the inside source address.

ip nat outside source

Enables NAT of the outside source address.

ip nat pool

Defines a pool of IP addresses for NAT.

ip nat translation

Changes the amount of time after which NAT translations time out.

show ip nat statistics

Displays NAT statistics.

show ip nat translations

Displays active NAT translations.

ip nat inside destination

To enable Network Address Translation (NAT) of the inside destination address, use the ip nat inside destination global configuration command. To remove the dynamic association to a pool, use the no form of this command.

ip nat inside destination list {access-list-number | name} pool name

no ip nat inside destination list {access-list-number | name}

Syntax Description

list access-list-number

Standard IP access list number. Packets with destination addresses that pass the access list are translated using global addresses from the named pool.

list name

Name of a standard IP access list. Packets with destination addresses that pass the access list are translated using global addresses from the named pool.

pool name

Name of the pool from which global IP addresses are allocated during dynamic translation.

Defaults

No inside destination addresses are translated.

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

11.2

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

This command has two forms: dynamic and static address translation. The form with an access list establishes dynamic translation. Packets from addresses that match the standard access list are translated using global addresses allocated from the pool named with the ip nat pool command.

Examples

The following example translates between inside hosts addressed to either the 192.168.1.0 or 192.168.2.0 networks to the globally unique 171.69.233.208/28 network:

ip nat pool net-208 171.69.233.208 171.69.233.223 prefix-length 28
ip nat inside destination list 1 pool net-208
!
interface ethernet 0
 ip address 171.69.232.182 255.255.255.240
 ip nat outside
!
interface ethernet 1
 ip address 192.168.1.94 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside
!
access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 1 permit 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

Related Commands

Command Description

clear ip nat translation

Clears dynamic NAT translations from the translation table.

ip nat

Designates that traffic originating from or destined for the interface is subject to NAT.

ip nat inside source

Enables NAT of the inside source address.

ip nat outside source

Enables NAT of the outside source address.

ip nat pool

Defines a pool of IP addresses for NAT.

ip nat translation

Changes the amount of time after which NAT translations time out.

show ip nat statistics

Displays NAT statistics.

show ip nat translations

Displays active NAT translations.

ip nat inside source

To enable Network Address Translation (NAT) of the inside source address, use the ip nat inside source global configuration command. To remove the static translation or remove the dynamic association to a pool, use the no form of this command.

ip nat inside source {list {access-list-number | name} pool name [overload] | static local-ip
global-ip}

no ip nat inside source {list {access-list-number | name} pool name [overload] | static local-ip
global-ip}

Syntax Description

list access-list-number

Standard IP access list number. Packets with source addresses that pass the access list are dynamically translated using global addresses from the named pool.

list name

Name of a standard IP access list. Packets with source addresses that pass the access list are dynamically translated using global addresses from the named pool.

pool name

Name of the pool from which global IP addresses are allocated dynamically.

overload

(Optional) Enables the router to use one global address for many local addresses. When overloading is configured, each inside host's TCP or UDP port number distinguishes between the multiple conversations using the same local IP address.

static local-ip

Sets up a single static translation; this argument establishes the local IP address assigned to a host on the inside network. The address could be randomly chosen, allocated from RFC 1918, or obsolete.

global-ip

Sets up a single static translation; this argument establishes the globally unique IP address of an inside host as it appears to the outside world.

Defaults

No NAT translation of inside source addresses occurs.

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

11.2

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Alternatively, the syntax form with the keyword static establishes a single static translation.

Examples

The following example translates between inside hosts addressed from either the 192.168.1.0 or 192.168.2.0 networks to the globally unique 171.69.233.208/28 network:

ip nat pool net-208 171.69.233.208 171.69.233.223 prefix-length 28
ip nat inside source list 1 pool net-208
!
interface ethernet 0
 ip address 171.69.232.182 255.255.255.240
 ip nat outside
!
interface ethernet 1
 ip address 192.168.1.94 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside
!
access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 1 permit 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

Related Commands

Command Description

clear ip nat translation

Clears dynamic NAT translations from the translation table.

ip nat

Designates that traffic originating from or destined for the interface is subject to NAT.

ip nat inside destination

Enables NAT of the inside destination address.

ip nat outside source

Enables NAT of the outside source address.

ip nat pool

Defines a pool of IP addresses for NAT.

ip nat translation

Changes the amount of time after which NAT translations time out.

show ip nat statistics

Displays NAT statistics.

show ip nat translations

Displays active NAT translations.

ip nat outside source

To enable Network Address Translation (NAT) of the outside source address, use the ip nat outside source global configuration command. To remove the static entry or the dynamic association, use the no form of this command.

ip nat outside source {list {access-list-number | name} pool name | static global-ip local-ip}

no ip nat outside source {list {access-list-number | name} pool name | static global-ip local-ip}

Syntax Description

list access-list-number

Standard IP access list number. Packets with source addresses that pass the access list are translated using global addresses from the named pool.

list name

Name of a standard IP access list. Packets with source addresses that pass the access list are translated using global addresses from the named pool.

pool name

Name of the pool from which global IP addresses are allocated.

static global-ip

Sets up a single static translation. This argument establishes the globally unique IP address assigned to a host on the outside network by its owner. It was allocated from globally routable network space.

local-ip

Sets up a single static translation. This argument establishes the local IP address of an outside host as it appears to the inside world. The address was allocated from address space routable on the inside (RFC 1918, Address Allocation for Private Internets).

Defaults

No translation of source addresses coming from the outside to the inside network occurs.

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

11.2

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

You might have IP addresses that are not legal, officially assigned IP addresses. Perhaps you chose IP addresses that officially belong to another network. The case of an address used illegally and legally is called overlapping. You can use NAT to translate inside addresses that overlap with outside addresses. Use this feature if your IP addresses in the stub network happen to be legitimate IP addresses belonging to another network, and you need to communicate with those hosts or routers.

Alternatively, the syntax form with the static keyword establishes a single static translation.

Examples

The following example translates between inside hosts addressed from the 9.114.11.0 network to the globally unique 171.69.233.208/28 network. Further packets from outside hosts addressed from the 9.114.11.0 network (the true 9.114.11.0 network) are translated to appear to be from the network 10.0.1.0/24.

ip nat pool net-208 171.69.233.208 171.69.233.223 prefix-length 28
ip nat pool net-10 10.0.1.0 10.0.1.255 prefix-length 24
ip nat inside source list 1 pool net-208
ip nat outside source list 1 pool net-10
!
interface ethernet 0
 ip address 171.69.232.182 255.255.255.240
 ip nat outside
!
interface ethernet 1
 ip address 9.114.11.39 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside
!
access-list 1 permit 9.114.11.0 0.0.0.255

Related Commands

Command Description

clear ip nat translation

Clears dynamic NAT translations from the translation table.

ip nat

Designates that traffic originating from or destined for the interface is subject to NAT.

ip nat inside destination

Enables NAT of the inside destination address.

ip nat inside source

Enables NAT of the inside source address.

ip nat pool

Defines a pool of IP addresses for NAT.

ip nat translation

Changes the amount of time after which NAT translations time out.

show ip nat statistics

Displays NAT statistics.

show ip nat translations

Displays active NAT translations.

ip nat pool

To define a pool of IP addresses for Network Address Translation (NAT), use the ip nat pool global configuration command. To remove one or more addresses from the pool, use the no form of this command.

ip nat pool name start-ip end-ip {netmask netmask | prefix-length prefix-length}[type rotary]

no ip nat pool name start-ip end-ip {netmask netmask | prefix-length prefix-length} [type rotary]

Syntax Description

name

Name of the pool.

start-ip

Starting IP address that defines the range of addresses in the address pool.

end-ip

Ending IP address that defines the range of addresses in the address pool.

netmask netmask

Network mask that indicates which address bits belong to the network and subnetwork fields and which bits belong to the host field. Specify the netmask of the network to which the pool addresses belong.

prefix-length prefix-length

Number that indicates how many bits of the netmask are ones (how many bits of the address indicate network). Specify the netmask of the network to which the pool addresses belong.

type rotary

(Optional) Indicates that the range of address in the address pool identify real, inside hosts among which TCP load distribution will occur.

Defaults

No pool of addresses is defined.

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

11.2

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

This command defines a pool of addresses using start address, end address, and either netmask or prefix length. The pool could define either an inside global pool, an outside local pool, or a rotary pool.

Examples

The following example translates between inside hosts addressed from either the 192.168.1.0 or 192.168.2.0 networks to the globally unique 171.69.233.208/28 network:

ip nat pool net-208 171.69.233.208 171.69.233.223 prefix-length 28
ip nat inside source list 1 pool net-208
!
interface ethernet 0
 ip address 171.69.232.182 255.255.255.240
 ip nat outside
!
interface ethernet 1
 ip address 192.168.1.94 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside
!
access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 1 permit 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

Related Commands

Command Description

clear ip nat translation

Clears dynamic NAT translations from the translation table.

ip nat

Designates that traffic originating from or destined for the interface is subject to NAT.

ip nat inside destination

Enables NAT of the inside destination address.

ip nat inside source

Enables NAT of the inside source address.

ip nat outside source

Enables NAT of the outside source address.

ip nat translation

Changes the amount of time after which NAT translations time out.

show ip nat statistics

Displays NAT statistics.

show ip nat translations

Displays active NAT translations.

ip nat translation

To change the amount of time after which Network Address Translation (NAT) translations time out, use the ip nat translation global configuration command. To disable the timeout, use the no form of this command.

ip nat translation [max-entries] {timeout | udp-timeout | dns-timeout | tcp-timeout | finrst-timeout | icmp-timeout | syn-timeout | port-timeout}seconds

no ip nat translation [max-entries] {timeout | udp-timeout | dns-timeout | tcp-timeout | finrst-timeout | icmp-timeout | syn-timeout | port-timeout}

Syntax Description

max-entries

(Optional) Specifies the maximum number of NAT entries.

timeout

Specifies that the timeout value applies to dynamic translations except for overload translations. Default is 86400 seconds (24 hours).

udp-timeout

Specifies that the timeout value applies to the UDP port. Default is 300 seconds (5 minutes).

dns-timeout

Specifies that the timeout value applies to connections to the Domain Naming System (DNS). Default is 60 seconds.

tcp-timeout

Specifies that the timeout value applies to the TCP port. Default is 86400 seconds (24 hours).

finrst-timeout

Specifies that the timeout value applies to Finish and Reset TCP packets, which terminate a connection. Default is 60 seconds.

icmp-timeout

Specifies the timeout value for ICMP flows. Default is 60 seconds.

syn-timeout

Specifies the timeout value for TCP flows immediately after a SYN. Default is 60 seconds.

port-timeout

Specifies that the timeout value applies to the TCP/UDP port.

seconds

Number of seconds after which the specified port translation times out. Default values are listed in the "Defaults" section.

Defaults

timeout is 86400 seconds (24 hours)

udp-timeout is 300 seconds (5 minutes)

dns-timeout is 60 seconds (1 minute)

tcp-timeout is 86400 seconds (24 hours)

finrst-timeout is 60 seconds (1 minute)

icmp-timeout is 60 seconds (1 minute)

syn-timeout is 60 seconds (1 minute)

port-timeout is 0 (never)

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

11.2

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

When port translation is configured, there is finer control over translation entry timeouts because each entry contains more context about the traffic that is using it. Non-Domain Naming System UDP translations time out after 5 minutes, while DNS times out in 1 minute. TCP translations timeout in 24 hours, unless a RST or FIN is seen on the stream, in which case they will time out in 1 minute.

Examples

The following example causes UDP port translation entries to timeout after 10 minutes:

ip nat translation udp-timeout 600

Related Commands

Command Description

clear ip nat translation

Clears dynamic NAT translations from the translation table.

ip nat

Designates that traffic originating from or destined for the interface is subject to NAT.

ip nat inside destination

Enables NAT of the inside destination address.

ip nat inside source

Enables NAT of the inside source address.

ip nat outside source

Enables NAT of the outside source address.

ip nat pool

Defines a pool of IP addresses for NAT.

show ip nat statistics

Displays NAT statistics.

show ip nat translations

Displays active NAT translations.

ip netmask-format

To specify the format in which netmasks are displayed in show command output, use the ip netmask-format line configuration command. To restore the default display format, use the no form of this command.

ip netmask-format {bit-count | decimal | hexadecimal}

no ip netmask-format [bit-count | decimal | hexadecimal]

Syntax Description

bit-count

Addresses are followed by a slash and the total number of bits in the netmask. For example, 131.108.11.0/24 indicates that the netmask is 24 bits.

decimal

Network masks are displayed in dotted decimal notation (for example, 255.255.255.0).

hexadecimal

Network masks are displayed in hexadecimal format, as indicated by the leading 0X (for example, 0XFFFFFF00).

Defaults

Netmasks are displayed in bitcount format.

Command Modes

Line configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

IP uses a 32-bit mask that indicates which address bits belong to the network and subnetwork fields, and which bits belong to the host field. This is called a netmask. By default, show commands display an IP address and then its netmask in dotted decimal notation. For example, a subnet would be displayed as 131.108.11.0 255.255.255.0.

However, you can specify that the display of the network mask appear in hexadecimal format or bit count format instead. The hexadecimal format is commonly used on UNIX systems. The previous example would be displayed as 131.108.11.0 0XFFFFFF00.

The bitcount format for displaying network masks is to append a slash (/) and the total number of bits in the netmask to the address itself. The previous example would be displayed as 131.108.11.0/24.

Examples

The following example configures network masks for the specified line to be displayed in bitcount notation in the output of show commands:

line vty 0 4
 ip netmask-format bitcount

ip nhrp authentication

To configure the authentication string for an interface using Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP), use the ip nhrp authentication interface configuration command. To remove the authentication string, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp authentication string

no ip nhrp authentication [string]

Syntax Description

string

Authentication string configured for the source and destination stations that controls whether NHRP stations allow intercommunication. The string can be up to eight characters long.

Defaults

No authentication string is configured; the Cisco IOS software adds no authentication option to NHRP packets it generates.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

All routers configured with NHRP within one logical NBMA network must share the same authentication string.

Examples

In the following example, the authentication string named specialxx must be configured in all devices using NHRP on the interface before NHRP communication occurs:

ip nhrp authentication specialxx

ip nhrp holdtime

To change the number of seconds that NHRP nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) addresses are advertised as valid in authoritative NHRP responses, use the ip nhrp holdtime interface configuration command. To restore the default value, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp holdtime seconds

no ip nhrp holdtime [seconds]

Syntax Description

seconds

Time in seconds that NBMA addresses are advertised as valid in positive authoritative NHRP responses.

Defaults

7200 seconds (2 hours)

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The ip nhrp holdtime command affects authoritative responses only. The advertised holding time is the length of time the Cisco IOS software tells other routers to keep information that it is providing in authoritative NHRP responses. The cached IP-to-NBMA address mapping entries are discarded after the holding time expires.

The NHRP cache can contain static and dynamic entries. The static entries never expire. Dynamic entries expire regardless of whether they are authoritative or nonauthoritative.

Examples

In the following example, NHRP NBMA addresses are advertised as valid in positive authoritative NHRP responses for one hour:

ip nhrp holdtime 3600

ip nhrp interest

To control which IP packets can trigger sending a Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) Request, use the ip nhrp interest interface configuration command. To restore the default value, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp interest access-list-number

no ip nhrp interest [access-list-number]

Syntax Description

access-list-number

Standard or extended IP access list number in the range 1 to 199.

Defaults

All non-NHRP packets can trigger NHRP requests.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Use this command with the access-list command to control which IP packets trigger NHRP Requests.

The ip nhrp interest command controls which packets cause NHRP address resolution to take place; the ip nhrp use command controls how readily the system attempts such address resolution.

Examples

In the following example, any TCP traffic can cause NHRP Requests to be sent, but no other IP packets will cause NHRP Requests:

 ip nhrp interest 101
access-list 101 permit tcp any any

Related Commands

Command Description

access-list (IP extended)

Defines an extended IP access list.

access-list (IP standard)

Defines a standard IP access list.

ip nhrp use

Configures the software so that NHRP is deferred until the system has attempted to send data traffic to a particular destination multiple times.

ip nhrp map

To statically configure the IP-to-NBMA address mapping of IP destinations connected to a nonbroadcast, multiaccess (NBMA) network, use the ip nhrp map interface configuration command. To remove the static entry from NHRP cache, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp map ip-address nbma-address

no ip nhrp map ip-address nbma-address

Syntax Description

ip-address

IP address of the destinations reachable through the NBMA network. This address is mapped to the NBMA address.

nbma-address

NBMA address that is directly reachable through the NBMA network. The address format varies depending on the medium you are using. For example, ATM has an NSAP address, Ethernet has a MAC address, and SMDS has an E.164 address. This address is mapped to the IP address.

Defaults

No static IP-to-NBMA cache entries exist.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

You will probably have to configure at least one static mapping in order to reach the Next Hop Server. Repeat this command to statically configure multiple IP-to-NBMA address mappings.

Examples

In the following example, this station in a multipoint tunnel network is statically configured to be served by two Next Hop Servers 100.0.0.1 and 100.0.1.3. The NBMA address for 100.0.0.1 is statically configured to be 11.0.0.1 and the NBMA address for 100.0.1.3 is 12.2.7.8.

interface tunnel 0
 ip nhrp nhs 100.0.0.1
 ip nhrp nhs 100.0.1.3
 ip nhrp map 100.0.0.1 11.0.0.1
 ip nhrp map 100.0.1.3 12.2.7.8

Related Commands

Command Description

clear ip nhrp

Clears all dynamic entries from the NHRP cache.

ip nhrp map multicast

To configure NBMA addresses used as destinations for broadcast or multicast packets to be sent over a tunnel network, use the ip nhrp map multicast interface configuration command. To remove the destinations, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp map multicast nbma-address

no ip nhrp map multicast nbma-address

Syntax Description

nbma-address

Nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) address that is directly reachable through the NBMA network. The address format varies depending on the medium you are using.

Defaults

No NBMA addresses are configured as destinations for broadcast or multicast packets.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

This command applies only to tunnel interfaces.

The command is useful for supporting broadcasts over a tunnel network when the underlying network does not support IP multicast. If the underlying network does support IP multicast, you should use the tunnel destination command to configure a multicast destination for transmission of tunnel broadcasts or multicasts.

When multiple NBMA addresses are configured, the system replicates the broadcast packet for each address.

Examples

In the following example, if a packet is sent to 10.255.255.255, it is replicated to destinations 11.0.0.1 and 11.0.0.2. Addresses 11.0.0.1 and 11.0.0.2 are the IP addresses of two other routers that are part of the tunnel network, but those addresses are their addresses in the underlying network, not the tunnel network. They would have tunnel addresses that are in network 10.0.0.0.

interface tunnel 0
 ip address 10.0.0.3 255.0.0.0
 ip nhrp map multicast 11.0.0.1
 ip nhrp map multicast 11.0.0.2

ip nhrp max-send

To change the maximum frequency at which NHRP packets can be sent, use the ip nhrp max-send interface configuration command. To restore this frequency to the default value, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp max-send pkt-count every interval

no ip nhrp max-send

Syntax Description

pkt-count

Number of packets that can be sent in the range from 1 to 65535. Default is 5 packets.

every interval

Time (in seconds) in the range from 10 to 65535. Default is 10 seconds.

Defaults

pkt-count = 5 packets

interval = 10 seconds

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

11.1

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The software maintains a per-interface quota of NHRP packets that can be sent. NHRP traffic, whether locally generated or forwarded, cannot be sent at a rate that exceeds this quota. The quota is replenished at the rate specified by interval.

Examples

In the following example, only 1 NHRP packet can be sent from serial interface 0 each minute:

interface serial 0
 ip nhrp max-send 1 every 60

Related Commands

Command Description

ip nhrp interest

Controls which IP packets can trigger sending an NHRP request.

ip nhrp use

Configures the software so that NHRP is deferred until the system has attempted to send data traffic to a particular destination multiple times.

ip nhrp network-id

To enable the Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) on an interface, use the ip nhrp network-id interface configuration command. To disable NHRP on the interface, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp network-id number

no ip nhrp network-id [number]

Syntax Description

number

Globally unique, 32-bit network identifier for a nonbroadcast, multiaccess (NBMA) network. The range is 1 to 4294967295.

Defaults

NHRP is disabled on the interface.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

In general, all NHRP stations within one logical NBMA network must be configured with the same network identifier.

Examples

The following example enables NHRP on the interface:

ip nhrp network-id 1

ip nhrp nhs

To specify the address of one or more NHRP Next Hop Servers, use the ip nhrp nhs interface configuration command. To remove the address, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp nhs nhs-address [net-address [netmask]]

no ip nhrp nhs nhs-address [net-address [netmask]]

Syntax Description

nhs-address

Address of the Next Hop Server being specified.

net-address

(Optional) IP address of a network served by the Next Hop Server.

netmask

(Optional) IP network mask to be associated with the net IP address. The net IP address is logically ANDed with the mask.

Defaults

No Next Hop Servers are explicitly configured, so normal network layer routing decisions are used to forward NHRP traffic.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Use this command to specify the address of a Next Hop Server and the networks it serves. Normally, NHRP consults the network layer forwarding table to determine how to forward NHRP packets. When Next Hop Servers are configured, these next hop addresses override the forwarding path that would otherwise be used for NHRP traffic.

For any Next Hop Server that is configured, you can specify multiple networks that it serves by repeating this command with the same nhs-address argument, but with different net-address IP network addresses.

Examples

In the following example, the Next Hop Server with address 131.108.10.11 serves IP network 10.0.0.0. The mask is 255.0.0.0.

ip nhrp nhs 131.108.10.11 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0

ip nhrp record

To re-enable the use of forward record and reverse record options in NHRP Request and Reply packets, use the ip nhrp record interface configuration command. To suppress the use of such options, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp record

no ip nhrp record

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Defaults

Forward record and reverse record options are used in NHRP Request and Reply packets.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Forward record and reverse record options provide loop detection and are enabled by default. Using the no form of this command disables this method of loop detection. For another method of loop detection, see the ip nhrp responder command.

Examples

The following example suppresses forward record and reverse record options:

no ip nhrp record

Related Commands

Command Description

ip nhrp responder

Designates the primary IP address of which interface the Next Hop Server will use in NHRP Reply packets when the NHRP requester uses the Responder Address option.

ip nhrp responder

To designate which interface's primary IP address the Next Hop Server will use in NHRP Reply packets when the NHRP requestor uses the Responder Address option, use the ip nhrp responder interface configuration command. To remove the designation, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp responder type number

no ip nhrp responder [type] [number]

Syntax Description

type

Interface type whose primary IP address is used when a Next Hop Server complies with a Responder Address option (for example, serial, tunnel).

number

Interface number whose primary IP address is used when a Next Hop Server complies with a Responder Address option.

Defaults

The Next Hop Server uses the IP address of the interface where the NHRP Request was received.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

If an NHRP requestor wants to know which Next Hop Server generates an NHRP Reply packet, it can request that information through the Responder Address option. The Next Hop Server that generates the NHRP Reply packet then complies by inserting its own IP address in the Responder Address option of the NHRP Reply. The Next Hop Server uses the primary IP address of the specified interface.

If an NHRP Reply packet being forwarded by a Next Hop Server contains that Next Hop Server's own IP address, the Next Hop Server generates an Error Indication of type "NHRP Loop Detected" and discards the Reply.

Examples

In the following example, any NHRP requests for the Responder Address will cause this router acting as a Next Hop Server to supply the primary IP address of serial interface 0 in the NHRP Reply packet:

ip nhrp responder serial 0

ip nhrp server-only

To configure the interface to operate in NHRP server-only mode, use the ip nhrp server-only interface configuration command. To disable this feature, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp server-only [non-caching]

no ip nhrp server-only

Syntax Description

non-caching

(Optional) The router will not cache NHRP information received on this interface.

Defaults

Disabled

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

11.2

This command was introduced.

12.0

The non-caching keyword was added.

Usage Guidelines

When the interface is operating in NHRP server-only mode, the interface does not originate NHRP requests or set up an NHRP shortcut SVC.

Examples

The following example configures the interface to operate in server-only mode:

ip nhrp server-only

ip nhrp trigger-svc

To configure when Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) will set up and tear down a switched virtual circuit (SVC) based on aggregate traffic rates, use the ip nhrp trigger-svc interface configuration command. To restore the default thresholds, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp trigger-svc trigger-threshold teardown-threshold

no ip nhrp trigger-svc

Syntax Description

trigger-threshold

Average traffic rate calculated during the load-interval, at or above which NHRP will set up an SVC for a destination. The default value is 1 kbps.

teardown-threshold

Average traffic rate calculated during the load-interval, at or below which NHRP will tear down the SVC to the destination. The default value is 0 kbps.

Defaults

trigger-threshold = 1 kbps

teardown-threshold = 0 kbps

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

12.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The two thresholds are measured during a sampling interval of 30 seconds, by default. To change that interval, use the load-interval seconds argument of the ip cef traffic-statistics command.

Examples

In the following example, the triggering and teardown thresholds are set to 100 kbps and 5 kbps, respectively:

ip nhrp trigger-svc 100 5

Related Commands

Command Description

ip cef

Enables CEF on the route processor card.

ip cef accounting

Enables network accounting of CEF information.

ip cef traffic-statistics

Changes the time interval that controls when NHRP will set up or tear down an SVC.

ip nhrp interest

Controls which IP packets can trigger sending an NHRP request.

ip nhrp use

To configure the software so that NHRP is deferred until the system has attempted to send data traffic to a particular destination multiple times, use the ip nhrp use interface configuration command. To restore the default value, use the no form of this command.

ip nhrp use usage-count

no ip nhrp use usage-count

Syntax Description

usage-count

Packet count in the range from 1 to 65535. Default is 1.

Defaults

usage-count = 1. The first time a data packet is sent to a destination for which the system determines NHRP can be used, an NHRP request is sent.

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

11.1

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

When the software attempts to transmit a data packet to a destination for which it has determined that NHRP address resolution can be used, an NHRP request for that destination is normally transmitted right away. Configuring the usage-count argument causes the system to wait until that many data packets have been sent to a particular destination before it attempts NHRP. The usage-count argument for a particular destination is measured over 1-minute intervals (the NHRP cache expiration interval).

The usage-count applies per destination. So if the usage-count argument is configured to be 3, and 4 data packets are sent toward 10.0.0.1 and 1 packet toward 10.0.0.2, then an NHRP request is generated for 10.0.0.1 only.

If the system continues to need to forward data packets to a particular destination, but no NHRP response has been received, retransmission of NHRP requests are performed. This retransmission occurs only if data traffic continues to be sent to a destination.

The ip nhrp interest command controls which packets cause NHRP address resolution to take place; the ip nhrp use command controls how readily the system attempts such address resolution.

Examples

In the following example, if in the first minute 5 packets are sent to one destination and 5 packets are sent to a second destination, then a single NHRP request is generated for the second destination.

If in the second minute the same traffic is generated and no NHRP responses have been received, then the system retransmits its request for the second destination.

ip nhrp use 5

Related Commands

Command Description

ip nhrp interest

Controls which IP packets can trigger sending an NHRP request.

ip nhrp max-send

Changes the maximum frequency at which NHRP packets can be sent.

ip probe proxy

To enable the HP Probe Proxy support, which allows the Cisco IOS software to respond to HP Probe Proxy Name requests, use the ip probe proxy interface configuration command. To disable HP Probe Proxy, use the no form of this command.

ip probe proxy

no ip probe proxy

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Defaults

Disabled

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

HP Probe Proxy Name requests are typically used at sites that have HP equipment and are already using HP Probe.

To use the HP Proxy service, you must first enter the host name of the HP host into the host table using the ip hp-host global configuration command.

Examples

The following example specifies an HP host's name and address, and then enables Probe Proxy:

 ip hp-host BCWjo 131.108.1.27 
interface ethernet 0
 ip probe proxy

Related Commands

Command Description

ip hp-host

Enters into the host table the host name of an HP host to be used for HP Probe Proxy service.

ip proxy-arp

To enable proxy ARP on an interface, use the ip proxy-arp interface configuration command. To disable proxy ARP on the interface, use the no form of this command.

ip proxy-arp

no ip proxy-arp

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Defaults

Enabled

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Examples

The following example enables proxy ARP on Ethernet interface 0:

interface ethernet 0
 ip proxy-arp

ip routing

To enable IP routing, use the ip routing global configuration command. To disable IP routing, use the no form of this command.

ip routing

no ip routing

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Defaults

Enabled

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

If CRB is configured, this command is unnecessary because all protocols are bridged by default.
If CRB is not configured, configure the no ip routing command to bridge IP.

Examples

The following example enables IP routing:

ip routing

ip subnet-zero

To enable the use of subnet zero for interface addresses and routing updates, use the ip subnet-zero global configuration command. To restore the default, use the no form of this command.

ip subnet-zero

no ip subnet-zero

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Defaults

Disabled

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The ip subnet-zero command provides the ability to configure and route to subnet-zero subnets.

Subnetting with a subnet address of zero is discouraged because of the confusion inherent in having a network and a subnet with indistinguishable addresses.

Examples

The following example enables subnet-zero:

 ip subnet-zero

ip unnumbered

To enable IP processing on a serial interface without assigning an explicit IP address to the interface, use the ip unnumbered interface configuration command. To disable the IP processing on the interface, use the no form of this command.

ip unnumbered type number

no ip unnumbered type number

Syntax Description

type number

Type and number of another interface on which the router has an assigned IP address. It cannot be another unnumbered interface.

Defaults

Disabled

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Whenever the unnumbered interface generates a packet (for example, for a routing update), it uses the address of the specified interface as the source address of the IP packet. It also uses the address of the specified interface in determining which routing processes are sending updates over the unnumbered interface. Restrictions include the following:

Serial interfaces using HDLC, PPP, Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB), and Frame Relay encapsulations, as well as Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) and tunnel interfaces can be unnumbered. It is not possible to use this interface configuration command with X.25 or Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) interfaces.
You cannot use the ping EXEC command to determine whether the interface is up, because the interface has no address. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) can be used to remotely monitor interface status.
You cannot netboot a runnable image over an unnumbered serial interface.
You cannot support IP security options on an unnumbered interface.

The interface you specify by the type and number arguments must be enabled (listed as "up" in the show interfaces command display).

If you are configuring IS-IS across a serial line, you should configure the serial interfaces as unnumbered. This allows you to conform with RFC 1195, which states that IP addresses are not required on each interface.

Note Using an unnumbered serial line between different major networks (or majornets) requires special care. If at each end of the link there are different majornets assigned to the interfaces you specified as unnumbered, then any routing protocol running across the serial line must not advertise subnet information.

Examples

In the following example, the first serial interface is given Ethernet 0's address:

interface ethernet 0
 ip address 131.108.6.6 255.255.255.0
!
interface serial 0
 ip unnumbered ethernet 0

show arp

To display the entries in the ARP table, use the show arp privileged EXEC command.

show arp

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Modes

Privileged EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show arp command:

Router# show arp
 
Protocol   Address	          Age (min)   	Hardware Addr    	Type    Interface
 
Internet   131.108.42.112   	120         0000.a710.4baf	   ARPA    Ethernet3
AppleTalk  4028.5	           29	          0000.0c01.0e56   SNAP	    Ethernet2
Internet   131.108.42.114   	105	         0000.a710.859b   ARPA	    Ethernet3
AppleTalk  4028.9           	-           0000.0c02.a03c	   SNAP    Ethernet2
Internet   	131.108.42.121	   42	          0000.a710.68cd	   ARPA	    Ethernet3
Internet   	131.108.36.9     	-	           0000.3080.6fd4	   SNAP    TokenRing0
AppleTalk  4036.9           	-	           0000.3080.6fd4   	SNAP    TokenRing0
Internet   131.108.33.9	     -	           0000.0c01.7bbd	   SNAP	    Fddi0

Table 3 describes significant fields shown in the first line of output in the display.

Table 3: show arp Field Descriptions

Field Description

Protocol

Indicates the type of network address this entry includes.

Address

Network address that is mapped to the MAC address in this entry.

Age (min)

Indicates the interval (in minutes) since this entry was entered in the table, rather than the interval since the entry was last used. (The timeout value is 4 hours.)

Hardware Addr

MAC address mapped to the network address in this entry.

Type

Indicates the encapsulation type the Cisco IOS software is using for the network address in this entry. Possible values include:

ARPA

SNAP

ETLK (EtherTalk)

SMDS

Interface

Indicates the interface associated with this network address.

show hosts

To display the default domain name, the style of name lookup service, a list of name server hosts, and the cached list of host names and addresses, use the show hosts EXEC command.

show hosts

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show hosts command:

Router# show hosts
 
Default domain is CISCO.COM
Name/address lookup uses domain service
Name servers are 255.255.255.255
Host	              Flag        Age	   Type	       Address(es)
SLAG.CISCO.COM    (temp, OK)  1     IP         131.108.4.10
CHAR.CISCO.COM    (temp, OK)  8     IP         192.31.7.50
CHAOS.CISCO.COM   (temp, OK)  8     IP         131.108.1.115
DIRT.CISCO.COM    (temp, EX)  8     IP         131.108.1.111
DUSTBIN.CISCO.COM (temp, EX)  0     IP         131.108.1.27
DREGS.CISCO.COM   (temp, EX)  24    IP         131.108.1.30

Table 4 describes significant fields shown in the display.

Table 4: show hosts Field Descriptions

Field Description

Flag

A temporary entry is entered by a name server; the Cisco IOS software removes the entry after 72 hours of inactivity.
A permanent entry is entered by a configuration command and is not timed out. Entries marked OK are believed to be valid. Entries marked ?? are considered suspect and subject to revalidation. Entries marked EX are expired.

Age

Indicates the number of hours since the software last referred to the cache entry.

Type

Identifies the type of address, for example, IP, CLNS, or X.121. If you have used the ip hp-host global configuration command, the show hosts command will display these host names as type HP-IP.

Address(es)

Shows the address of the host. One host may have up to eight addresses.

Related Commands

Command Description

clear host

Deletes entries from the host-name-and-address cache.

show ip aliases

To display the IP addresses mapped to TCP ports (aliases) and SLIP addresses, which are treated similarly to aliases, use the show ip aliases EXEC command.

show ip aliases

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

To distinguish a SLIP address from a normal alias address, the command output uses the form SLIP TTY1 for the "port" number, where 1 is the auxiliary port.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show ip aliases command:

Router# show ip aliases
 
  IP Address    Port
131.108.29.245  SLIP TTY1

The display lists the IP address and corresponding port number.

Related Commands

Command Description

show line

Displays the parameters of a terminal line.

show ip arp

To display the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache, where SLIP addresses appear as permanent ARP table entries, use the show ip arp EXEC command.

show ip arp [ip-address] [hostname] [mac-address] [type number]

Syntax Description

ip-address

(Optional) ARP entries matching this IP address are displayed.

hostname

(Optional) Host name.

mac-address

(Optional) 48-bit MAC address.

type number

(Optional) ARP entries learned via this interface type and number are displayed.

Command Modes

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

ARP establishes correspondences between network addresses (an IP address, for example) and LAN hardware addresses (Ethernet addresses). A record of each correspondence is kept in a cache for a predetermined amount of time and then discarded.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show ip arp command:

Router# show ip arp
 
Protocol  Address	Age(min)  Hardware Addr  Type   Interface
Internet  171.69.233.22	9	0000.0c59.f892 ARPA   Ethernet0/0
Internet  171.69.233.21	8	0000.0c07.ac00 ARPA   Ethernet0/0
Internet  171.69.233.19	-	0000.0c63.1300 ARPA   Ethernet0/0
Internet  171.69.233.30	9	0000.0c36.6965 ARPA   Ethernet0/0
Internet  172.19.168.11	-	0000.0c63.1300 ARPA   Ethernet0/0
Internet  172.19.168.254	9	0000.0c36.6965 ARPA   Ethernet0/0

Table 5 describes significant fields shown in the display.

Table 5: show ip arp Field Descriptions

Field Description

Protocol

Protocol for network address in the Address field.

Address

The network address that corresponds to Hardware Address.

Age (min)

Age, in minutes, of the cache entry. A hyphen (-) means the address is local.

Hardware Addr

LAN hardware address a MAC address that corresponds to network address.

Type

Type of encapsulation:

ARPA—Ethernet

SNAP—RFC 1042

SAP—IEEE 802.3

Interface

Interface to which this address mapping has been assigned.

show ip interface

To display the usability status of interfaces configured for IP, use the show ip interface EXEC command.

show ip interface [type number]

Syntax Description

type

(Optional) Interface type.

number

(Optional) Interface number.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

12.0

This command was enhanced.

12.0(3)T

This command was expanded to include status of ip wccp redirect out and ip wccp redirect exclude add in commands.

Usage Guidelines

The Cisco IOS software automatically enters a directly connected route in the routing table if the interface is usable. A usable interface is one through which the software can send and receive packets. If the software determines that an interface is not usable, it removes the directly connected routing entry from the routing table. Removing the entry allows the software to use dynamic routing protocols to determine backup routes to the network (if any).

If the interface can provide two-way communication, the line protocol is marked "up." If the interface hardware is usable, the interface is marked "up."

If you specify an optional interface type, you will see only information on that specific interface.

If you specify no optional arguments, you will see information on all the interfaces.

When an asynchronous interface is encapsulated with PPP or SLIP, IP fast switching is enabled. A show ip interface command on an asynchronous interface encapsulated with PPP or SLIP displays a message indicating that IP fast switching is enabled.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show ip interface command:

Router# show ip interface
 
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet address is 192.195.78.24, subnet mask is 255.255.255.240
  Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255
  Address determined by non-volatile memory
  MTU is 1500 bytes
  Helper address is not set
  Secondary address 131.192.115.2, subnet mask 255.255.255.0
  Directed broadcast forwarding is enabled
  Multicast groups joined: 224.0.0.1 224.0.0.2
  Outgoing access list is not set
  Inbound access list is not set
  Proxy ARP is enabled
  Security level is default
  Split horizon is enabled
  ICMP redirects are always sent
  ICMP unreachables are always sent
  ICMP mask replies are never sent
  IP fast switching is enabled
  IP fast switching on the same interface is disabled
  IP SSE switching is disabled
  Router Discovery is disabled
  IP output packet accounting is disabled
  IP access violation accounting is disabled
  TCP/IP header compression is disabled
  Probe proxy name replies are disabled
  WCCP Redirect outbound is enabled
	  WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled

Table 6 describes the fields shown in the display.

Table 6: show ip interface Field Descriptions

Field Description

Ethernet0 is up

If the interface hardware is usable, the interface is marked "up." For an interface to be usable, both the interface hardware and line protocol must be up.

line protocol is up

If the interface can provide two-way communication, the line protocol is marked "up." For an interface to be usable, both the interface hardware and line protocol must be up.

Internet address and subnet mask

IP Internet address and subnet mask of the interface.

Broadcast address

Shows the broadcast address.

Address determined by ...

Indicates how the IP address of the interface was determined.

MTU

Shows the MTU value set on the interface.

Helper address

Shows a helper address, if one has been set.

Secondary address

Shows a secondary address, if one has been set.

Directed broadcast forwarding

Indicates whether directed broadcast forwarding is enabled.

Multicast groups joined

Indicates the multicast groups this interface is a member of.

Outgoing access list

Indicates whether the interface has an outgoing access list set.

Inbound access list

Indicates whether the interface has an incoming access list set.

Proxy ARP

Indicates whether Proxy ARP is enabled for the interface.

Security level

Specifies the IPSO security level set for this interface.

Split horizon

Indicates split horizon is enabled.

ICMP redirects

Specifies whether redirects will be sent on this interface.

ICMP unreachables

Specifies whether unreachable messages will be sent on this interface.

ICMP mask replies

Specifies whether mask replies will be sent on this interface.

IP fast switching

Specifies whether fast switching has been enabled for this interface. It is generally enabled on serial interfaces, such as this one.

IP SSE switching

Specifies whether IP SSE switching is enabled.

Router Discovery

Specifies whether the discovery process has been enabled for this interface. It is generally disabled on serial interfaces.

IP output packet accounting

Specifies whether IP accounting is enabled for this interface and what the threshold (maximum number of entries) is.

TCP/IP header compression

Indicates whether compression is enabled or disabled.

Probe proxy name

Indicates whether HP Probe proxy name replies are generated.

WCCP Redirect outbound is enabled

Indicates the status of whether packets received on an interface are redirected to a cache engine. Displays "enabled" or "disabled."

WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled

Indicates the status of whether packets targeted for an interface will be excluded from being redirected to a cache engine. Displays "enabled" or "disabled."

show ip irdp

To display IRDP values, use the show ip irdp EXEC command.

show ip irdp

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show ip irdp command:

Router# show ip irdp
 
Ethernet 0 has router discovery enabled
 
Advertisements will occur between every 450 and 600 seconds.
Advertisements are valid for 1800 seconds.
Default preference will be 100.
 --More--
Serial 0 has router discovery disabled
 --More--
Ethernet 1 has router discovery disabled

As the display shows, show ip irdp output indicates whether router discovery has been configured for each router interface, and it lists the values of router discovery configurables for those interfaces on which router discovery has been enabled. Explanations for the less obvious lines of output in the display are as follows:

Advertisements will occur between every 450 and 600 seconds.

This indicates the configured minimum and maximum advertising interval for the interface.

Advertisements are valid for 1800 seconds.

This indicates the configured holdtime values for the interface.

Default preference will be 100.

This indicates the configured (or in this case default) preference value for the interface.

Related Commands

Command Description

ip irdp

Enables IRDP processing on an interface.

show ip masks

To display the masks used for network addresses and the number of subnets using each mask, use the show ip masks EXEC command.

show ip masks address

Syntax Description

address

Network address for which a mask is required.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

The show ip masks command is useful for debugging when a variable-length subnet mask (VLSM) is used. It shows the number of masks associated with the network and the number of routes for each mask.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show ip masks command:

Router# show ip masks 131.108.0.0
 
Mask            Reference count
255.255.255.255 2
255.255.255.0   3
255.255.0.0     1

show ip nat statistics

To display Network Address Translation (NAT) statistics, use the show ip nat statistics EXEC command.

show ip nat statistics

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

11.2

This command was introduced.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show ip nat statistics command:

Router# show ip nat statistics
Total translations: 2 (0 static, 2 dynamic; 0 extended)
Outside interfaces: Serial0
Inside interfaces: Ethernet1
Hits: 135  Misses: 5
Expired translations: 2
Dynamic mappings:
-- Inside Source
access-list 1 pool net-208 refcount 2
 pool net-208: netmask 255.255.255.240
        start 171.69.233.208 end 171.69.233.221
        type generic, total addresses 14, allocated 2 (14%), misses 0

Table 7 describes the significant fields in the display.

Table 7: show ip nat statistics Field Descriptions

Field Description

Total translations

Number of translations active in the system. This number is incremented each time a translation is created and is decremented each time a translation is cleared or times out.

Outside interfaces

List of interfaces marked as outside with the ip nat outside command.

Inside interfaces

List of interfaces marked as inside with the ip nat inside command.

Hits

Number of times the software does a translations table lookup and finds an entry.

Misses

Number of times the software does a translations table lookup, fails to find an entry, and must try to create one.

Expired translations

Cumulative count of translations that have expired since the router was booted.

Dynamic mappings

Indicates that the information that follows is about dynamic mappings.

Inside Source

The information that follows is about an inside source translation.

access-list

Access list number being used for the translation.

pool

Name of the pool (in this case, net-208).

refcount

Number of translations that are using this pool.

netmask

IP network mask being used in the pool.

start

Starting IP address in the pool range.

end

Ending IP address in the pool range.

type

Type of pool. Possible types are generic or rotary.

total addresses

Number of addresses in the pool that are available for translation.

allocated

Number of addresses being used.

misses

Number of failed allocations from the pool.

Related Commands

Command Description

clear ip nat translation

Clears dynamic NAT translations from the translation table.

ip nat

Designates that traffic originating from or destined for the interface is subject to NAT.

ip nat inside destination

Enables NAT of the inside destination address.

ip nat inside source

Enables NAT of the inside source address.

ip nat outside source

Enables NAT of the outside source address.

ip nat pool

Defines a pool of IP addresses for NAT.

ip nat translation

Changes the amount of time after which NAT translations time out.

show ip nat translations

Displays active NAT translations.

show ip nat translations

To display active Network Address Translation (NAT) translations, use the show ip nat translations EXEC command.

show ip nat translations [verbose]

Syntax Description

verbose

(Optional) Displays additional information for each translation table entry, including how long ago the entry was created and used.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

11.2

This command was introduced.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show ip nat translations command. Without overloading, two inside hosts are exchanging packets with some number of outside hosts.

Router# show ip nat translations
Pro Inside global      Inside local       Outside local      Outside global
--- 171.69.233.209     192.168.1.95       ---                ---
--- 171.69.233.210     192.168.1.89       ---                --

With overloading, a translation for a DNS transaction is still active, and translations for two Telnet sessions (from two different hosts) are also active. Note that two different inside hosts appear on the outside with a single IP address.

Router# show ip nat translations
Pro Inside global        Inside local       Outside local      Outside global
udp 171.69.233.209:1220  192.168.1.95:1220  171.69.2.132:53    171.69.2.132:53
tcp 171.69.233.209:11012 192.168.1.89:11012 171.69.1.220:23    171.69.1.220:23
tcp 171.69.233.209:1067  192.168.1.95:1067  171.69.1.161:23    171.69.1.161:23

The following is sample output that includes the verbose keyword.

Router# show ip nat translations verbose
Pro Inside global        Inside local       Outside local      Outside global
udp 171.69.233.209:1220  192.168.1.95:1220  171.69.2.132:53    171.69.2.132:53
        create 00:00:02, use 00:00:00, flags: extended
tcp 171.69.233.209:11012 192.168.1.89:11012 171.69.1.220:23    171.69.1.220:23
        create 00:01:13, use 00:00:50, flags: extended
tcp 171.69.233.209:1067  192.168.1.95:1067  171.69.1.161:23    171.69.1.161:23
        create 00:00:02, use 00:00:00, flags: extended

Table 8 describes the significant fields in the display.

Table 8: show ip nat translations Field Descriptions

Field Description

Pro

Protocol of the port identifying the address.

Inside global

The legitimate IP address (assigned by the NIC or service provider) that represents one or more inside local IP addresses to the outside world.

Inside local

The IP address assigned to a host on the inside network; probably not a legitimate address assigned by the NIC or service provider.

Outside local

IP address of an outside host as it appears to the inside network; probably not a legitimate address assigned by the NIC or service provider.

Outside global

The IP address assigned to a host on the outside network by its owner.

create

How long ago the entry was created (in hours:minutes:seconds).

use

How long ago the entry was last used (in hours:minutes:seconds).

flags

Indication of the type of translation. Possible flags are

extended—Extended translation

static—Static translation

destination—Rotary translation

outside—Outside translation

timing out—Translation will no longer be used, due to a TCP FIN or RST.

Related Commands

Command Description

clear ip nat translation

Clears dynamic NAT translations from the translation table.

ip nat

Designates that traffic originating from or destined for the interface is subject to NAT.

ip nat inside destination

Enables NAT of the inside destination address.

ip nat inside source

Enables NAT of the inside source address.

ip nat outside source

Enables NAT of the outside source address.

ip nat pool

Defines a pool of IP addresses for NAT.

ip nat translation

Changes the amount of time after which NAT translations time out.

show ip nat statistics

Displays NAT statistics.

show ip nhrp

To display the Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) cache, use the show ip nhrp EXEC command.

show ip nhrp [dynamic | static] [type number]

Syntax Description

dynamic

(Optional) Displays only the dynamic (learned) IP-to-NBMA address cache entries.

static

(Optional) Displays only the static IP-to-NBMA address entries in the cache (configured through the ip nhrp map command).

type

(Optional) Interface type about which to display the NHRP cache (for example, atm, tunnel).

number

(Optional) Interface number about which to display the NHRP cache.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show ip nhrp command:

Router# show ip nhrp 
 
10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255, ATM0/0 created 0:00:43 expire 1:59:16
  Type: dynamic Flags: authoritative 
  NBMA address: 11.1111.1111.1111.1111.1111.1111.1111.1111.1111.11 
10.0.0.1 255.255.255.255, Tunnel0 created 0:10:03 expire 1:49:56
  Type: static Flags: authoritative 
  NBMA address: 11.1.1.2

Table 9 describes the fields in the display.

Table 9: show ip nhrp Field Descriptions

Field Description

100.0.0.2 255.255.255.255

IP address and its network mask in the IP-to-NBMA address cache. The mask is currently always 255.255.255.255 because we do not support aggregation of NBMA information through NHRP.

ATM0/0 created 0:00:43

Interface type and number (in this case, ATM slot and port numbers) and how long ago it was created (hours:minutes:seconds).

expire 1:59:16

Time in which the positive and negative authoritative NBMA address will expire (hours:minutes:seconds). This value is based on the ip nhrp holdtime command.

Type

Value can be one of the following:

dynamic—NBMA address was obtained from NHRP Request packet.

static—NBMA address was statically configured.

Flags

Value can be one of the following:

authoritative—Indicates that the NHRP information was obtained from the Next Hop Server or router that maintains the NBMA-to-IP address mapping for a particular destination.

implicit—Indicates that the information was learned not from an NHRP request generated from the local router, but from an NHRP packet being forwarded or from an NHRP request being received by the local router.

negative—For negative caching; indicates that the requested NBMA mapping could not be obtained.

NBMA address

Nonbroadcast, multiaccess address. The address format is appropriate for the type of network being used (for example, ATM, Ethernet, SMDS, multipoint tunnel).

Related Commands

Command Description

ip nhrp map

Statically configures the IP-to-NBMA address mapping of IP destinations connected to an NBMA network.

show ip nhrp traffic

To display Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) traffic statistics, use the show ip nhrp traffic EXEC command.

show ip nhrp traffic

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show ip nhrp traffic command:

Router# show ip nhrp traffic
Tunnel0
  request packets sent: 2
  request packets received: 4
  reply packets sent: 4
  reply packets received: 2
  register packets sent: 0
  register packets received: 0
  error packets sent: 0
  error packets received: 0

Table 10 describes the fields in the display.

Table 10: show ip nhrp traffic Field Descriptions

Field Description

Tunnel 0

Interface type and number.

request packets sent

Number of NHRP Request packets originated from this station.

request packets received

Number of NHRP Request packets received by this station.

reply packets sent

Number of NHRP Reply packets originated from this station.

reply packets received

Number of NHRP Reply packets received by this station.

register packets sent

Number of NHRP Register packets originated from this station. Currently, our routers and access servers do not send Register packets, so this value is 0.

register packets received

Number of NHRP Register packets received by this station. Currently, our routers or access servers do not send Register packets, so this value is 0.

error packets sent

Number of NHRP Error packets originated by this station.

error packets received

Number of NHRP Error packets received by this station.

term ip netmask-format

To specify the format in which netmasks are displayed in show command output, use the term ip netmask-format EXEC command. To restore the default display format, use the no form of this command.

term ip netmask-format {bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal}

no term ip netmask-format [bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal]

Syntax Description

bitcount

Addresses are followed by a slash and the total number of bits in the netmask. For example, 131.108.11.55/24 indicates that the netmask is 24 bits.

decimal

Netmasks are displayed in dotted decimal notation (for example, 255.255.255.0).

hexadecimal

Netmasks are displayed in hexadecimal format, as indicated by the leading 0X (for example, 0XFFFFFF00).

Defaults

Netmasks are displayed in dotted decimal format.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release Modification

10.3

This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Examples

The following example specifies that network masks for the session be displayed in bitcount notation in the output of show commands:

term ip netmask-format bitcount

tunnel mode

To set the encapsulation mode for the tunnel interface, use the tunnel mode interface configuration command. To set to the default, us the no form of this command.

tunnel mode {aurp | cayman | dvmrp | eon | gre ip [multipoint] | ipip | nos}

no tunnel mode

Syntax Description

aurp

AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol (AURP).

cayman

Cayman TunnelTalk AppleTalk encapsulation.

dvmrp

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol.

eon

EON compatible CLNS tunnel.

gre ip

Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) protocol over IP.

multipoint

(Optional) Enables a GRE tunnel to be used in a multipoint fashion. Can be used with the gre ip keyword only, and requires the use of the tunnel key command.

ipip

IP over IP encapsulation.

nos

KA9Q/NOS compatible IP over IP.

Defaults

GRE tunneling

Command Modes

Interface configuration

Command History

Release Modification

10.0

This command was introduced.

10.3

The ipip keyword was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

You cannot have two tunnels using the same encapsulation mode with exactly the same source and destination address. The workaround is to create a loopback interface and source packets off of the loopback interface.

Cayman tunneling implements tunneling as designed by Cayman Systems. This enables our routers and access servers to interoperate with Cayman GatorBoxes. With Cayman tunneling, you can establish tunnels between two routers or between our device and a GatorBox. When using Cayman tunneling, you must not configure the tunnel with an AppleTalk network address. This means that there is no way to ping the other end of the tunnel.

Use Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) when a router connects to an mrouted router to run DVMRP over a tunnel. It is required to configure Protocol-Independent Multicast (PIM) and an IP address on a DVMRP tunnel.

Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) tunneling can be done between our routers and access servers only. When using GRE tunneling for AppleTalk, you configure the tunnel with an AppleTalk network address. This means that you can ping the other end of the tunnel.

Examples

For multipoint GRE tunnels, a tunnel key must be configured. Unlike other tunnels, the tunnel destination is optional. However, if the tunnel destination is supplied, it must map to an IP multicast address.

The following example enables Cayman tunneling:

interface tunnel 0
 tunnel source ethernet 0
 tunnel destination 131.108.164.19
 tunnel mode cayman

The following example enables GRE tunneling:

interface tunnel 0
 appletalk cable-range 4160-4160 4160.19
 appletalk zone Engineering
 tunnel source ethernet 0
 tunnel destination 131.108.164.19
 tunnel mode gre ip

Command	Description
bridge crb	Enables the Cisco IOS software to both route and bridge a given protocol on separate interfaces within a single router.
bridge-group	Assigns each network interface to a bridge group.

load-interval seconds	(Optional) Length of time (in 30-second increments) during which the average trigger-threshold and teardown-threshold are calculated before an SVC setup or teardown action is taken. (These thresholds are configured in the ip nhrp trigger-svc command.) The load-interval range is 30 seconds to 300 seconds, in 30-second increments. The default value is 30 seconds.
update-rate seconds	(Optional) Frequency that the port adapter sends the accounting statistics to the RP. When using NHRP in distributed CEF switching mode, this value must be set to 5 seconds. The default value is 10 seconds.

Release	Modification
10.0	This command was introduced.
11.3	The default behavior changed from disabled to enabled.

Command	Description
ip redirects	Enables the sending of ICMP Redirect messages if the Cisco IOS software is forced to resend a packet through the same interface on which it was received.
show ip redirects	Displays the address of a default gateway (router) and the address of hosts for which an ICMP Redirect message has been received.

Release	Modification
10.0	This command was introduced.
12.0	The default behavior changed to directed broadcasts being dropped.

Command	Description
ip domain-name	Defines a default domain name to complete unqualified host names (names without a dotted-decimal domain name).
ip name-server	Specifies the address of one or more name servers to use for name and address resolution.

Command	Description
ip domain-list	Defines a list of default domain names to complete unqualified host names.
ip domain-lookup	Enables the IP DNS-based host name-to-address translation.
ip name-server	Specifies the address of one or more name servers to use for name and address resolution.

udp	Forward User Datagram Protocol (UDP) datagrams. See the "Defaults" section below for a list of port numbers forwarded by default.
port	(Optional) Destination port that controls which UDP services are forwarded.
nd	Forward Network Disk (ND) datagrams. This protocol is used by older diskless Sun workstations.
sdns	Secure Data Network Service.

Command	Description
ip directed-broadcast	Enables the translation of directed broadcast to physical broadcasts.
ip forward-protocol spanning-tree	Permits IP broadcasts to be flooded throughout the internetwork in a controlled fashion.
ip forward-protocol turbo-flood	Speeds up flooding of UDP datagrams using the spanning-tree algorithm.
ip helper-address	Forwards UDP broadcasts, including BOOTP, received on an interface.

Command	Description
ip broadcast-address	Defines a broadcast address for an interface.
ip forward-protocol	Specifies which protocols and ports the router forwards when forwarding broadcast packets.
ip forward-protocol turbo-flood	Speeds up flooding of UDP datagrams using the spanning-tree algorithm.
ip helper-address	Forwards UDP broadcasts, including BOOTP, received on an interface.

name	Name of the host. The first character can be either a letter or a number. If you use a number, the operations you can perform are limited.
tcp-port-number	(Optional) TCP port number to connect to when using the defined host name in conjunction with an EXEC connect or Telnet command. The default is Telnet (port 23).
address1	Associated IP address.
address2...address8	(Optional) Additional associated IP address. You can bind up to eight addresses to a host name.

hostname	Name of the host.
ip-address	IP address of the host.

multicast	(Optional) Use the multicast address (224.0.0.1) instead of IP broadcasts.
holdtime seconds	(Optional) Length of time in seconds advertisements are held valid. Default is three times the maxadvertinterval value. Must be greater than maxadvertinterval and cannot be greater than 9000 seconds.
maxadvertinterval seconds	(Optional) Maximum interval in seconds between advertisements. The default is 600 seconds.
minadvertinterval seconds	(Optional) Minimum interval in seconds between advertisements. The default is 0.75 times the maxadvertinterval. If you change the maxadvertinterval value, this value defaults to three-quarters of the new value.
preference number	(Optional) Preference value. The allowed range is -2³¹ to 2³¹. The default is 0. A higher value increases the router's preference level. You can modify a particular router so that it will be the preferred router to which others home.
address address [number]	(Optional) IP address (address) to proxy-advertise, and optionally, its preference value (number).

timers	(Optional) Indicates that you are setting local-area mobility timers.
keepalive	(Optional) Frequency, in seconds, at which the Cisco IOS software sends unicast ARP messages to a relocated host to verify that the host is present and has not moved. The default keepalive time is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
hold-time	(Optional) Hold time, in seconds. This is the length of time the software considers that a relocated host is present without receiving some type of ARP broadcast or unicast from the host. Normally, the hold time should be at least three times greater than the keepalive time. The default hold time is 900 seconds (15 minutes).
access-group	(Optional) Indicates that you are applying an access list. This access list applies only to local-area mobility.
access-list-number	(Optional) Number of a standard IP access list. It is a decimal number from 1 to 99. Only hosts with addresses permitted by this access list are accepted for local-area mobility.
name	(Optional) Name of an IP access list. The name cannot contain a space or quotation mark, and must begin with an alphabetic character to avoid ambiguity with numbered access lists.

Command	Description
access-list (IP standard)	Defines a standard IP access list.
bridge-group	Assigns each network interface to a bridge group.
bridge protocol	Defines the type of STP.
default-metric (BGP)	Sets default metric values for the BGP, OSPF, and RIP routing protocols.
default-metric (OSPF)	Sets default metric values for OSPF.
default-metric (RIP)	Sets default metric values for RIP.
network (BGP)	Specifies the list of networks for the BGP routing process.
network (IGRP)	Specifies a list of networks for the IGRP or Enhanced IGRP routing process.
network (RIP)	Specifies a list of networks for the RIP routing process.
redistribute (IP)	Redistributes routes from one routing domain into another routing domain.
router eigrp	Configures the IP Enhanced IGRP routing process.
router isis	Enables the IS-IS routing protocol and specifies an IS-IS process for IP.
router ospf	Configures an OSPF routing process.

server-address1	IP addresses of name server.
server-address2...server-address6	(Optional) IP addresses of additional name servers (a maximum of six name servers).

inside	Indicates the interface is connected to the inside network (the network subject to NAT translation).
outside	Indicates the interface is connected to the outside network.

Command	Description
clear ip nat translation	Clears dynamic NAT translations from the translation table.
ip nat inside destination	Enables NAT of the inside destination address.
ip nat inside source	Enables NAT of the inside source address.
ip nat outside source	Enables NAT of the outside source address.
ip nat pool	Defines a pool of IP addresses for NAT.
ip nat translation	Changes the amount of time after which NAT translations time out.
show ip nat statistics	Displays NAT statistics.
show ip nat translations	Displays active NAT translations.

list access-list-number	Standard IP access list number. Packets with destination addresses that pass the access list are translated using global addresses from the named pool.
list name	Name of a standard IP access list. Packets with destination addresses that pass the access list are translated using global addresses from the named pool.
pool name	Name of the pool from which global IP addresses are allocated during dynamic translation.

name	Name of the pool.
start-ip	Starting IP address that defines the range of addresses in the address pool.
end-ip	Ending IP address that defines the range of addresses in the address pool.
netmask netmask	Network mask that indicates which address bits belong to the network and subnetwork fields and which bits belong to the host field. Specify the netmask of the network to which the pool addresses belong.
prefix-length prefix-length	Number that indicates how many bits of the netmask are ones (how many bits of the address indicate network). Specify the netmask of the network to which the pool addresses belong.
type rotary	(Optional) Indicates that the range of address in the address pool identify real, inside hosts among which TCP load distribution will occur.

Table of Contents

IP Addressing Commands

max-entries	(Optional) Specifies the maximum number of NAT entries.
timeout	Specifies that the timeout value applies to dynamic translations except for overload translations. Default is 86400 seconds (24 hours).
udp-timeout	Specifies that the timeout value applies to the UDP port. Default is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
dns-timeout	Specifies that the timeout value applies to connections to the Domain Naming System (DNS). Default is 60 seconds.
tcp-timeout	Specifies that the timeout value applies to the TCP port. Default is 86400 seconds (24 hours).
finrst-timeout	Specifies that the timeout value applies to Finish and Reset TCP packets, which terminate a connection. Default is 60 seconds.
icmp-timeout	Specifies the timeout value for ICMP flows. Default is 60 seconds.
syn-timeout	Specifies the timeout value for TCP flows immediately after a SYN. Default is 60 seconds.
port-timeout	Specifies that the timeout value applies to the TCP/UDP port.
seconds	Number of seconds after which the specified port translation times out. Default values are listed in the "Defaults" section.

bit-count	Addresses are followed by a slash and the total number of bits in the netmask. For example, 131.108.11.0/24 indicates that the netmask is 24 bits.
decimal	Network masks are displayed in dotted decimal notation (for example, 255.255.255.0).
hexadecimal	Network masks are displayed in hexadecimal format, as indicated by the leading 0X (for example, 0XFFFFFF00).

Command	Description
access-list (IP extended)	Defines an extended IP access list.
access-list (IP standard)	Defines a standard IP access list.
ip nhrp use	Configures the software so that NHRP is deferred until the system has attempted to send data traffic to a particular destination multiple times.

ip-address	IP address of the destinations reachable through the NBMA network. This address is mapped to the NBMA address.
nbma-address	NBMA address that is directly reachable through the NBMA network. The address format varies depending on the medium you are using. For example, ATM has an NSAP address, Ethernet has a MAC address, and SMDS has an E.164 address. This address is mapped to the IP address.

pkt-count	Number of packets that can be sent in the range from 1 to 65535. Default is 5 packets.
every interval	Time (in seconds) in the range from 10 to 65535. Default is 10 seconds.

Command	Description
ip nhrp interest	Controls which IP packets can trigger sending an NHRP request.
ip nhrp use	Configures the software so that NHRP is deferred until the system has attempted to send data traffic to a particular destination multiple times.

nhs-address	Address of the Next Hop Server being specified.
net-address	(Optional) IP address of a network served by the Next Hop Server.
netmask	(Optional) IP network mask to be associated with the net IP address. The net IP address is logically ANDed with the mask.

type	Interface type whose primary IP address is used when a Next Hop Server complies with a Responder Address option (for example, serial, tunnel).
number	Interface number whose primary IP address is used when a Next Hop Server complies with a Responder Address option.

trigger-threshold	Average traffic rate calculated during the load-interval, at or above which NHRP will set up an SVC for a destination. The default value is 1 kbps.
teardown-threshold	Average traffic rate calculated during the load-interval, at or below which NHRP will tear down the SVC to the destination. The default value is 0 kbps.

Command	Description
ip cef	Enables CEF on the route processor card.
ip cef accounting	Enables network accounting of CEF information.
ip cef traffic-statistics	Changes the time interval that controls when NHRP will set up or tear down an SVC.
ip nhrp interest	Controls which IP packets can trigger sending an NHRP request.