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This chapter explains how to use the Cisco 1548 Switch Manager to change the configuration settings and to monitor the switch. This chapter assumes that you have already performed the following tasks described in this guide or in the Cisco 1548M Micro Switch 10/100 Cabling and Start Up.
At the top of each switch manager page is a menu bar. Figure 3-1 describes the functions of the pages accessible from the menu bar.
You can change the switch settings by entering information into fields, adding and removing list items, or selecting and deselecting check boxes. Click Apply to save your changes. Click Revert to discard all your unsaved changes and return the previous settings to the page.
You can assign or change basic descriptions about the switch from the switch manager Home Page (Figure 3-2). You can also assign a password to the switch management interfaces (switch manager and CLI-privileged commands) and monitor network activity through the live switch image. This page also provides a hotlink that opens a Telnet session to the switch command-line interface (CLI), in addition to hotlinks for contacting Cisco Systems' resources.
Click HOME on the menu bar to display the Home Page (Figure 3-2) and check and change switch information.
You can assign or change the following information about the switch (be sure to click Apply to save changes):
By default, no password is assigned to the switch management interfaces. You can restrict access to the switch manager or CLI-privileged commands by assigning a password. If a user fails to enter the password within a set number of attempts, the switch sends an SNMP trap to the SNMP trap manager to alert you, via in-band management messages, of the failed attempts. (For information about trap managers, see the "Changing the SNMP Settings" section.)
When a password is assigned, the password prompt is displayed when you or any other user opens a switch manager session and displays the Home Page. The Home Page is redisplayed only after you enter the correct password. If the password prompt reappears, reenter the correct password.
To assign or change the password to the switch manager or CLI-privileged commands:
Step 1 Enter a character string (4 to 8 characters, case sensitive) in the Assign/Change Password field.
Step 2 Enter the same character string in the Reconfirm Password field.
Step 3 Click Apply.
The connection with the switch is broken. The browser prompts you for the new password.
Step 4 Enter the new password at the password authentication prompt, and click OK.
If you have forgotten or do not know the password, see the "Recovering from a Lost or Forgotten Password" section.
The Home Page displays the rear panel of the switch (Figure 3-3). The following sections provide information on how to use the switch image.
The switch image on the Home Page shows the rear-panel LED colors at the last poll interval and refreshes every 30 seconds. The LEDs show port status, speed, and duplex mode (see Table 3-1).
| LED Color | Description |
|---|---|
| Port Status (RJ-45 port images) | |
Blue (off) | No link. |
Solid green | Link is up. |
| Port Speed |
|
Blue (off) | Operating at 10 Mbps. |
Solid green | Operating at 100 Mbps. |
| Port Duplex |
|
Blue (off) | Operating at half-duplex mode. |
Solid green | Operating at full-duplex mode. |
Click Telnet to open a session on the switch command-line interface (CLI).
The Home Page provides these hotlinks to connect to Cisco Systems' resources:
By default, each 10/100 network port on the switch is enabled to transmit packets to and receive them from the device to which it is connected, automatically matching its speed and duplex mode.
Click PORT on the menu bar to display the Port Management Page (Figure 3-4), check the status of the port, and change the port settings.
By default, all ports are enabled. To disable a port:
Step 1 In the Status: Requested/Actual column, deselect the Enable check box.
Step 2 Click Apply.
A linkDown trap is sent to the management station if you configured an SNMP manager.
To reenable a port:
Step 1 In the Status: Requested/Actual column, select the Enable check box.
Step 2 Click Apply.
A linkUp trap is sent to the management station if you configured an SNMP manager.
The Status: Requested/Actual column displays the actual status of the port. Each port is always in one of these link states:
Port can transmit and receive data. | |
Port is unable to transmit or receive data. |
When autonegotiation is selected on the port, it automatically configures for full-duplex operation if the connected device also supports full duplex. If the attached device does not support full-duplex operation, the port automatically configures to half-duplex operation.
To change the port duplex mode:
Step 1 From the Duplex Mode: Requested/Actual drop-down list, select Half, Full, or Auto (autonegotiate). The default is Auto.
Step 2 Click Apply.
By default, the port automatically matches the transmission speed of the attached device. To change the port transmission speed:
Step 1 From the Speed: Requested/Actual drop-down list, select 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, or Auto (autonegotiate). The default is Auto.
Step 2 Click Apply.
To assign a name or description to a port:
Step 1 In the Port Name/Description column, enter the port name or a description
(up to 80 characters) of how the port is connected.
Step 2 Click Apply.
From the Port Management Page, select a port, and click View to see the statistics for a particular port on the switch. The Detailed Port Statistics Page (Figure 3-5) for the selected port displays the port statistics. Table 3-2 lists the statistics displayed on the page:
The switch manager does not automatically refresh the statistics shown on this page. Click Reload to refresh the statistics shown on this page.
| General Statistics | |
Good-Packet Bytes Received | Total number of bytes received as part of good packets by the port. |
Good Packets Received | Total number of good packets received by the port. |
Bytes Sent | Total number of bytes sent by the port. |
Packets Sent | Total number of packets sent by the port. |
Late Collisions | Number of times the switch detects a collision on the port later than 512 bit-times into the transmission of a packet. |
MAC Receive Errors | Number of times the port receives an invalid MAC frame. |
| RMON Statistics |
|
Total Bytes Received | Total number of bytes received by the port. |
Total Packets Received | Total number of packets received by the port. |
Broadcast Packets Received | Total number of broadcast packets received by the port. |
Multicast Packets Received | Total number of multicast packets received by the port. |
CRC/Alignment Errors | Number of alignment errors (caused if all bytes are not received whole) or frames with CRC errors received by the port. |
Oversize Packets | Number of packets longer than 1518 bytes received by the port. |
Fragments | Number of SMT packets received by the port. |
Very Long Events | Number of packets that exceed the maximum length prescribed in IEEE 802.3. |
Collisions | Number of times the port and the connected device attempt to transmit at the same time. |
64-Byte Packets | Number of packets received in these lengths in bytes. |
The switch learns the MAC addresses of connected devices, adding these addresses to the address table. The switch supports multiple addresses on each port and stores up to 4096 addresses.
Click ADDRESS on the menu bar to display the Address Table Management Page (Figure 3-7), check the address table, and remove addresses from the table.
When the address table exceeds the maximum MAC address limit (4096), switch performance can be degraded.
To remove specific addresses from the table one at a time:
Step 1 Select the addresses on the Address Table list.
Step 2 Click Remove.
To remove all addresses from the table, click Remove All.
IP information identifies the switch to the network and is necessary to manage the switch through the switch manager, the CLI, or SNMP. This information is usually assigned to the switch after it is installed and initially started up. (See the "Assigning IP Information to the Switch" section.)
The IP Address field displays the current IP address of the switch. Click IP on the menu bar to display the IP Management Page (Figure 3-7) and change switch IP information.
 | Caution Changing the switch IP address on this page will end your switch manager session. To open a new session, enter the new IP address in the URL field if you are using Communicator (the Address field if you are using Internet Explorer). |
To change the switch IP information:
Step 1 Select User-Configured from the IP State drop-down list.
The default is User-Configured.
Step 2 Enter a new IP address for the switch in the IP Address field.
| Caution If you enter a new address and click Apply, the switch manager loses contact with the switch. Enter the new IP address of the switch in the Location field if you are using Communicator (the Address field if you are using Internet Explorer) to redisplay the switch manager. |
Step 3 Enter the subnet mask for the switch.
The subnet mask must be in the same subnet as the IP address.
Step 4 Enter the IP address of the default gateway.
The default gateway is the router that the switch uses to reach IP subnets other than the local subnet to which the switch is attached.
Step 5 Click Apply.
SNMP provides the means to manage and monitor the switch through the Management Information Base (MIB) objects. Additional information about SNMP and MIB objects is provided in the "Overview of SNMP" section and the "Accessing the MIB Files through SNMP" section.
Click SNMP on the menu bar to display the SNMP Management Page (Figure 3-8) and check and change the SNMP settings.
Community strings serve as passwords for SNMP messages. You can assign community strings that enable the switch to validate SNMP read and read-write requests from a management station.
To change the SNMP Read community string:
Step 1 Enter up to 32 characters in the Read Community String field. The default is public.
Step 2 Click Apply.
To change the SNMP Write community string:
Step 1 Enter up to 32 characters in the Write Community String field. The default is private.
Step 2 Click Apply.
A trap manager is an SNMP management station that receives traps, which are the system alerts generated by the switch. If no trap manager is defined, no traps are issued. Up to four trap managers and their accompanying community strings can be entered.
To assign a trap manager:
Step 1 Enter the IP address and a community string (up to 32 characters) in the IP Address and Trap Manager Community String fields.
Step 2 Click Add.
To remove a trap manager:
Step 1 Select the manager from the Current list.
Step 2 Click Remove.
By default, the Enable Authentication Trap Generation check box is selected (meaning this parameter is enabled). When this check box is selected, the switch generates authentication traps that alert a management station to SNMP requests that are not accompanied by a valid community string. However, even if this parameter is enabled, no trap can be generated if no trap manager addresses are specified. (For information about trap manager settings, see the "Assigning or Changing Trap Managers" section). If you change this check box, click Apply to save your changes.
The switch generates linkDown traps when a port is suspended or disabled for these reasons:
The switch generates linkUp traps when a port is enabled for these reasons:
A write manager is an SNMP management station that can issue write requests to the switch. Up to four IP addresses of stations can be defined.
To assign a write manager:
Step 1 Enter the management station IP address in the IP Address field.
Step 2 Click Add.
To remove a write manager:
Step 1 Select the manager from the Current list.
Step 2 Click Remove.
By default, no port on the switch is designated as the monitoring port, and no ports on the switch are monitored. Remember the following restrictions when monitoring ports:
Click SPAN on the menu bar to display the SPAN Configuration Page (Figure 3-9) and change the monitoring settings.
To enable one port to monitor traffic on another port:
Step 1 Select the Capturing Frames to the Monitoring Port check box. By default, this check box is not selected (meaning port monitoring is disabled).
Step 2 From the Select Monitoring Port drop-down list, select the monitoring port (the port to which captured frames are sent).
You can designate any port as the monitoring port, but the following restrictions apply:
Step 3 From the Select Monitored Port drop-down list, select the port that you want to monitor.
Step 4 Click Apply.
To disable port monitoring:
Step 1 Deselect the Capturing Frames to Monitoring Port check box.
Step 2 Click Apply.
By default, CDP is not enabled on the switch and all its ports.
Click CDP on the menu bar to display the CDP Management Page (Figure 3-10) and check and change the CDP settings.
Step 1 From the Discovered Neighboring Devices list, select a device.
Step 2 Click one of these buttons:
By default, CDP is disabled on the switch. If you want the switch to exchange information with Cisco devices, you can enable CDP on the switch. To enable CDP:
Step 1 Select the Enable CDP check box.
Step 2 Click Apply.
To disable CDP:
Step 1 Deselect the Enable CDP check box.
Step 2 Click Apply.
To change the global CDP settings for the switch:
If a neighboring device does not receive a CDP message before the hold time expires, the device drops this switch as a neighbor. The packet hold time should be higher than the packet transmission time.
Step 3 Click Apply.
By default, CDP is disabled on all ports on the switch. If you want a port to exchange information with Cisco devices, you can enable CDP on that port. To enable CDP on a port:
Step 1 Select the port from the CDP Enabled list.
Step 2 Click Enable.
To disable CDP on a port:
Step 1 Select the port from the CDP Disabled list.
Step 2 Click Disable.
A virtual LAN (VLAN) is a defined broadcast domain logically segmented by function, team, or application. Through VLANs, you can enhance network performance by allowing the transmission of traffic among member stations in the same VLAN and by blocking traffic from stations in other VLANs.
By default, all ports on the switch are assigned to VLAN 1, which is the management VLAN. You can create up to four VLANs on the switch and assign each switch port to one or all VLANs.
Click VLAN on the menu bar to display the VLAN Management Page (Figure 3-11) and assign ports to VLANs other than VLAN 1.
A simple port-based VLAN consists of a switch port assigned to one VLAN. By default, all ports are assigned to VLAN 1. To assign a port to a different VLAN:
Step 1 In the VLAN drop-down list, select 2, 3, or 4.
Step 2 Click Apply.
To remove a port from a VLAN membership other than VLAN 1:
Step 1 In the VLAN drop-down list, select 1.
Step 2 Click Apply.
An overlapping VLAN is a port (a multi-VLAN port) assigned to more than one VLAN and is usually connected to a server or router. This allows the stations on all VLANs to reach the server or router.
The multi-VLAN port functions normally in all its VLANs. For example, when an unknown MAC address is received on the multi-VLAN port, it is learned by all the port VLANs. The port also responds to the STP messages generated by separate instances of Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) in each VLAN. Because the multi-VLAN port is a member of all VLANs, flooded traffic received on the port is forwarded to ports in all VLANs.
| Caution To avoid unpredictable activity by STP, do not connect a port assigned to all VLANs to another switch or hub. Connect these ports only to routers or servers. |
To assign a port to all VLANs:
Step 1 In the VLAN drop-down list, select All.
Step 2 Click Apply.
STP requires approximately 30 seconds to complete its discovery of the network, and the switch does not forward packets during this time.
By default, STP is enabled only on VLAN 1 and cannot be enabled on other VLANs.
Click STP on the menu bar to display the Spanning-Tree Management Page (Figure 3-12) and change the appropriate STP settings for the switch and for the ports assigned to specific VLANs.
Unique hexadecimal ID number that has a bridge priority and a unique MAC address. | |
Number of ports configured with STP. | |
Number of seconds a bridge waits for STP configuration messages before attempting a reconfiguration. | |
Number of seconds between the transmission of STP configuration messages. All bridges send configuration messages during reconfiguration to elect the designated root bridge. After STP completes its network discovery, only designated bridges send configuration messages. | |
Number of bridge topology changes experienced by the network. A topology change occurs as ports on any bridge change from a nonforwarding to a forwarding state or when a new root is selected. | |
ID number of the bridge identified as the root by the STP. | |
Port on this bridge with the lowest-cost path to the root bridge. This option identifies the port through which the path to the root bridge is established. N/A is displayed when STP is disabled or when this bridge is the root bridge. | |
Cost of the path from this bridge to the root bridge shown in the Designated Root field. It equals the path cost parameters held for the root port. | |
Number of seconds before a port changes from its STP learning and listening states to a forwarding state. Every bridge on the network ensures that no loop is formed before the port can forward packets. | |
Number of days (d), hours (h), minutes (min), and seconds (s) since the last topology change. |
Step 1 Enable STP if you have previously disabled it:
(a) Select the Enable Spanning Tree check box to enable STP.
(b) Click Apply.
Step 3 In the Hello Time field, enter the number of seconds (1 to 10) after which this switch becomes the root bridge. The default is 2.
Step 6 Click Apply.
You can set STP parameters for VLAN 1 only on the switch. The Current VLAN field displays VLAN 1 when the STP settings are displayed. The Port Parameters list displays only ports that are members of VLAN 1, and the settings determine how the port responds if a loop is formed.
To modify spanning-tree parameters for VLAN 1 and its ports:
Step 1 In the Select VLAN drop-down list, select 1.
Step 2 Click Go.
The Spanning-Tree Management Page displays the current spanning-tree parameter settings and the member ports of VLAN 1.
Step 3 Enable STP if you have previously disabled it. By default, STP is enabled on VLAN 1.
(a) Select the Enable Spanning Tree check box to enable STP.
(b) Click Apply.
Step 4 In the Path Cost column, enter a number from 1 to 65535 for each port. The default is 19.
The path cost is inversely proportional to the LAN speed of the network interface at the port. A high path cost means the port has low bandwidth and should not be used, if possible. A lower path cost represents higher-speed transmission; this setting can affect which port remains enabled in the event of a loop.
The Port Fast feature immediately brings a port from the blocking state into the forwarding state by eliminating the forward delay (the amount of time a port waits before changing from its STP learning and listening states to the forwarding state). Port Fast Mode-enabled ports should only be used for end-station attachments.
Step 7 Click Apply.
The State column displays the state of the port. A port can be in one of the following states:
The port is not forwarding frames and is not learning new addresses. | |
The port is not forwarding frames but is progressing toward a forwarding state. The port is not learning addresses. | |
The port is not forwarding frames but is learning addresses. | |
The port is forwarding frames and learning addresses. | |
The port has been removed from STP operation. Administrative intervention is required to enable the port. |
The Forward Transitions column displays the number of times STP changed forwarding states.
To see the exception and utilization statistics for the switch, Click STATISTICS on the menu bar to display the Statistics Reports Page (Figure 3-13) and check the switch statistics.
To reset the statistics of a switch port:
Step 1 Select the port from the Select Port list.
Step 2 Click Reset Port Statistics.
To reset the statistics for all ports on the switch, click Reset All Statistics.
The switch manager does not automatically refresh the statistics shown on this page. Click Reload to refresh the statistics shown on this page.
This report displays the number of receive and transmit errors for each port.
Number of giants and FCS and alignment errors. | |
Number of excessive deferrals, late collisions, jabber errors, and other transmit errors. |
This report displays the number of bytes received and transmitted for each port.
Number of bytes received in good packets. | |
Number of bytes transmitted. |
Cisco periodically provides new firmware to implement enhancements and maintenance releases. New firmware releases can be downloaded from Cisco Connection Online (CCO), the Cisco Systems' customer web site available at the following URLs: www.cisco.com, www-china.cisco.com, and www-europe.cisco.com.
| Caution If you interrupt the transfer by turning the switch off and on, the firmware could get corrupted. For recovery procedures, see the "Recovering from Corrupted Firmware" section. |
If you want to upgrade the switch firmware, click SYSTEM on the menu bar to display the System Configuration Page (Figure 3-14).
The console port on the switch provides terminal and PC access to the switch. After the switch is installed, be sure to configure the console port settings of the switch to match the settings of the terminal or PC.
These are the default settings of the switch console port:
If you change any of these settings, click Apply to save your changes.
You can change the number of seconds that the CLI can wait without activity before it times out. After timeout, you must reenter the password.
To change the inactivity timeout parameter:
Step 1 Enter the number of seconds (0, or 30 to 65500) in the CLI Inactivity Timeout field. The default is 0 (which means the console session does not time out).
Step 2 Click Apply.
Step 1 In the Server IP Address field, enter the IP address of the TFTP server on which the upgrade file is located.
Step 2 Enter the upgrade filename (up to 80 characters) in the Filename for Firmware Upgrades field.
Step 3 Select one of these download modes:
The default is Permanent.
Step 4 Click System TFTP Upgrade to download the upgrade file from the TFTP server to the switch.
Step 5 Click OK on the confirmation prompt.
| Caution If you interrupt the transfer by turning the switch off and on, the firmware could get corrupted. For recovery procedures, see the "Recovering from Corrupted Firmware" section. |
Posted: Wed Feb 24 14:15:08 PST 1999
Copyright 1989-1999©Cisco Systems Inc.