Table of Contents

Preparing to Use the Web-Based Management Interfaces

Hardware and Software Requirements
Configuring Netscape Communicator
Configuring Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.01
Configuring Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0

Using Cisco Visual Switch Manager

Accessing CVSM for the First Time
CVSM Menu Options

Using Switch Network View

Using Switch Network View Buttons
Accessing Device Menus
Accessing Link Menus

Using Cluster Management

Accessing Cluster Management
Common Interface Features in Cluster Management
Using Cluster Builder
Using Cluster View
Using Cluster Manager

Using the IOS Command-Line Interface

Understanding the CLI
Setting Passwords and Privilege Levels
Using the CLI to Manage Cluster Members
Getting Help
Abbreviating Commands
Using no Commands
Understanding Command-Line Error Messages
Configuring the Switch for Telnet
Starting a Telnet Session from the Browser
Working with Files in Flash Memory

Using SNMP Management

Using FTP to Access the MIB Files
Using SNMP to Access MIB Variables
Managing Clusters through SNMP

Using the Management Interfaces

This chapter describes the features and characteristics of the management interfaces. You can use a web browser such as Netscape Communicator or Microsoft Internet Explorer to access these interfaces to monitor and configure a switch or a group of switches.

• Prepare to use the web-based management interfaces

• Use the Cisco Visual Switch Manager (CVSM) interface for managing a switch

With CVSM, you can configure and monitor a switch by using a graphical user interface. Individual switch configuration information is provided in "Managing Your Switches."

• Use the Switch Network View interface for managing a simple stack of switches

With Switch Network View, you can manage a stack of up to five switches configured in a star topology. Each switch has its own IP address. You can display a map of the stack and information about the devices and links that connect them. Stack configuration information is provided in "Managing Your Switches."

• Use the Cluster Management interface for managing a cluster of switches

With Cluster Management, you can use a command switch with an IP address to manage a cluster of up to 15 other switches. The other switches, called member switches, do not need individual IP addresses. Cluster configuration information is provided in "Managing Clusters of Switches."

• Use the IOS command-line interface (CLI) to manage a switch or group of switches.

The CLI is accessed through the console port or Telnet. Individual switch configuration procedures are provided in "Managing Your Switches" and "Managing Clusters of Switches."

• Use SNMP MIB objects to manage a switch or group of switches.

The MIBs are accessed through an SNMP management application.

Table 3-1 lists the key features and defaults of this release and cross-references the descriptions for changing them with the CLI or an HTML interface.

Preparing to Use the Web-Based Management Interfaces

All of the web-based management features are based on an embedded HTML web server in the switch Flash memory. This section describes how to configure your environment for web-based management.

Hardware and Software Requirements

You can access the web-based interfaces through the browsers listed in Table 2-1. The switch checks the browser version when starting a session to ensure that the browser is supported. If the browser is not supported, the switch displays an error message, and the session does not start.

The minimum requirement for a PC is a Pentium processor running at 166 MHz with
64 MB of DRAM. The minimum requirement for a UNIX workstation is a Sun Ultra 1 running at 143 MHz.

The following operating systems are supported for web-based management:

Table 2-2 lists the configuration that yields the best results for web-based management.

Table 2-2: Recommended Platform Configuration for Web-based Management

OS	Processor Speed	DRAM	Number of Colors	Resolution	Font Size
Windows NT 4.0	Pentium 300 MHz	128 MB	65536	1024 x 768	Small
SunOS 5.6	Sparc 333 MHz	128 MB	Most colors for applications	---	Small (3)

Configuring Netscape Communicator

Follow these steps to configure Netscape Communicator:

Step 1 Start Netscape Communicator.

Step 2 From the menu bar, select Edit>Preferences.

Step 3 In the Preferences window, click Advanced.

(a) Select the Enable Java, Enable JavaScript, and Enable Style Sheets check boxes.

(b) Click OK to return to the browser Home page.

Step 4 From the menu bar, select Edit>Preferences.

(a) In the Preferences window, click Advanced Cache, and select Every time.

(b) Click OK to return to the browser Home page.

Configuring Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.01

Follow these steps to configure Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.01:

Step 1 Start Internet Explorer.

Step 2 From the menu bar, select View>Internet Options.

Step 3 In the Internet Options window, click the Advanced tab.

(a) Scroll through the list of options until you see Java VM. Select the Java logging enabled and Java JIT compiler enabled check boxes.

(b) Click Apply.

Step 4 In the Internet Options window, click the General tab.

(a) In the Temporary Internet Files section, click the Settings... button.

(b) In the Settings window, select Every visit to the page, and click OK.

Step 5 In the Internet Options window, click the Security tab.

(a) In the Zone drop-down list, select Trusted Sites Zone.

(b) In the Trusted Sites Zone section, select Custom.

(c) Click the Settings... button.

Step 6 In the Security Settings window, scroll to the Java>Java Permissions section, and select Custom.

Click the Java Custom Settings... button, which appears at the bottom of the window.

Step 7 In the Trusted Sites Zone window, click the Edit Permissions tab.

(a) If the buttons under Run Unsigned Content are not available, select either Medium or Low security in the Reset Java Permissions list box. Click Reset.

(b) Under Run Unsigned Content, select Enable, and click OK.

Step 8 In the Security Settings window, click OK.

Step 9 In the Internet Options window, click the Security tab.

(a) Verify that the Zone drop-down list is set to Trusted Sites Zone.

(b) In the Trusted Sites Zone section, click the Add Sites... button.

Step 10 In the Trusted Sites Zone window, deselect the Require server verification check box.

(a) In the Add this Web site to the Zone field, enter the IP address of the switch you want to manage, as in this example:

http://172.20.153.36

---

Note If you plan to use Cluster Management for switch configuration, you must enter the IP address of the command switch. You can enter the addresses of member switches, but they are not required.

If you plan to use CVSM for switch configuration, you must enter the IP address of each switch that you want to manage. You do not need to delete the address from the trusted site list if the switch later becomes a cluster member.

---

(b) Click Add, and then click OK.

Step 11 In the Internet Options window, click OK.

Configuring Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0

Follow these steps to configure Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0:

Step 1 Start Internet Explorer.

Step 2 From the menu bar, select Tools>Internet Options.

Step 3 In the Internet Options window, click the Advanced tab.

(a) Scroll through the list of options until you see Java VM. Select the Java logging enabled and JIT compiler for virtual machine enabled check boxes.

(b) Click Apply.

Step 4 In the Internet Options window, click the General tab.

(a) In the Temporary Internet Files section, click the Settings... button.

(b) In the Settings window, select Every visit to the page, and click OK.

Step 5 In the Internet Options window, click the Security tab.

(a) Select the Trusted Sites icon and click the Sites... button.

(b) Deselect the Require server verification check box.

(c) Add the switches you want to manage by entering their URLs in the Add this web site to the zone field. Click the Add button to add each switch.

A URL is the switch IP address preceded by http://. For example, you might enter:

http://172.20.153.36

---

Note If you plan to use Cluster Management for switch configuration, you must enter the IP address of the command switch. You can enter the addresses of member switches, but they are not required.

If you plan to use CVSM for switch configuration, you must enter the IP address of each switch that you want to manage. You do not need to delete the address from the trusted site list if the switch later becomes a cluster member.

---

(d) After you have finished entering the URLs for your switches, click OK.

Step 6 While still in the Security tab of Internet Options window, click the Custom Level... button.

(a) In the Security Settings window, scroll to the Java>Java permissions section.

If you do not see this section, you need to reinstall the browser, and follow the instructions in the note at the beginning of this procedure.

(b) Select Custom to enable the Java Custom Settings button.

(c) Click the Java Custom Settings... button.

Step 7 In the Trusted Sites window, click the Edit Permissions tab.

(a) Under Run Unsigned Content, select Enable.

(b) Click OK.

Step 8 In the Security Settings window, click OK.

Step 9 In the Internet Options window, click OK.

Using Cisco Visual Switch Manager

CVSM is a web-based device-management application for configuring and monitoring your switch. Because the switch is preconfigured, CVSM shows the settings that the switch is using. You change the configuration settings by entering information in fields, adding and removing list items, or selecting check boxes. In addition, the CVSM Home page displays an image of the switch (Figure 2-2). The LEDs reflect the current status of the switch, and you can click on ports to configure them.

When you enter information in a CVSM field and click Apply, the change becomes part of the running (current) configuration. If you make a mistake and want to retype an entry, click Cancel to undo your first entry. Items added to or removed from lists in CVSM immediately become part of the running configuration, and you do not need to click Apply.

Accessing CVSM for the First Time

The switch must have an IP address before you can use CVSM to manage the switch. By contrast, a cluster requires only one IP address per cluster. For instructions on assigning the IP address, see the "CLI Procedure for Assigning IP Information to the Switch" section. For information on clustering, see the "Using Cluster Management" section and "Managing Clusters of Switches."

Follow these steps to access CVSM:

Step 1 Be sure that you have configured your browser correctly.

For more information, see the "Preparing to Use the Web-Based Management Interfaces" section.

Step 2 Start the browser.

Step 3 Enter the switch IP address in the browser Location field (Netscape Communicator) or Address field (Internet Explorer).

Step 4 Press Return.

Step 5 Enter your username and password when prompted.

The password provides level 15 access.

The Cisco Systems Access page (Figure 2-1) is displayed.

Step 6 Click Visual Switch Manager to display the CVSM Home page (Figure 3-4).

All the CVSM pages have a Home button that you can click to return to this page. From the Home page, you can monitor and configure the port as shown in Figure 2-2.

The other web-based applications, Cluster Management and Switch Network View, are available from the CVSM Home page:

• If your switch is part of a cluster, you can click Cluster Management to create and manage clusters of switches. To use the switch cluster capabilities, you must enable one switch as the command switch and name the cluster on the CVSM home page.

• If your switch is not part of a cluster, you can click Switch Network View to display the stack connected to the switch.

Using the Mode Button to Configure Ports

CVSM Menu Options

You can access the device-management features from the Home page menu bar drop-down menus, such as the Port menu shown in Figure 2-3. Table 2-3 describes the menu options and their function.

Using Switch Network View

The Switch Network View page displays a map of the devices that are directly connected to a switch that is not part of a cluster. From this page, you can display switch connection information, device reports, and link reports.

If your switch is not in a cluster, click Switch Network View to display the view shown in Figure 2-4. Blue labels identify stack members, which include 2900 and 3500 XL switches. Yellow labels identify generic edge devices connected to stack members. Edge devices include Cisco routers, switches, hubs, and Cisco Micro Webservers if they are directly attached to a 2900 or 3500 XL switch. For information on the supported IOS Release for these switches, see Table 1-1.

Using Switch Network View Buttons

Table 2-4 describes the Switch Network View buttons and how to use them.

Table 2-4: Switch Network View Buttons

Name	Purpose
Visual Stack	Displays images of stack members. From this page you can: Display the status, duplex, speed and Port Fast settings on this port. Configure ports. Start the CVSM for any stack member.
Switch Manager	Displays switch connection information (device type, IP address, port number) for switches that are directly connected to the primary switch. Switch stack members have blue labels, and switch edge devices have yellow labels. Click the IP address of a stack member to display the CVSM Home page for the switch.
Toggle Labels	Alternates between displaying IP addresses and device type labels.
Help	Displays online help.
Legend	Displays the meanings of icons and links.

Accessing Device Menus

To display the device pop-up menu, right-click a switch. You can select one of the following options:

• Device Report---Displays the device report for the switch. The device report has three pages of switch information: configuration, system, and port.

• Switch Manager---Displays the CVSM Home page for the switch.

Accessing Link Menus

To display the link report, right-click a link, and select Link Report. This report displays the link speed, VLAN and port group memberships, and the STP state.

Using Cluster Management

Cluster Management consists of three related applications that you can use to create clusters of switches, manage individual switches, and display device information, link information, and performance graphs. Each cluster requires a designated command switch with an IP address to manage and communicate all cluster-wide management functions.

This section describes how you can use the following Cluster Management applications to manage your network:

• Cluster Builder

• Cluster View

• Cluster Manager

To use the switch cluster capabilities, you must enable one switch as the command switch and name the cluster on the CVSM home page. You can also perform these tasks with the CLI.

Accessing Cluster Management

Once the cluster is created, you can access Cluster Management in the following ways:

• Click Cluster Management on the Cisco Systems Access page (Figure 2-1).

This link is present if the switch is running command-capable clustering software with the command switch functionality enabled (functioning as the command switch).

• Click Cluster Management on the CVSM Home page (Figure 3-4).

This button appears if the switch is command capable and enabled (functioning as the command switch), if the switch is command capable and disabled, or if the switch is a member of a cluster.

For information on how to create a cluster, see the "Creating Clusters" section.

Common Interface Features in Cluster Management

Certain features are common to all three Cluster Management applications. Table 2-5 lists the buttons on the Cluster Builder, Cluster View, and Cluster Manager pages.

Using Cluster Builder

Use Cluster Builder to automatically or manually create a cluster of switches. Switches directly connected to the command switch that are running the appropriate software display themselves as cluster members or candidates.

Depending on your topology, you can add all candidate switches to the cluster at once (star topology) or add them one by one (daisy-chain topology). Figure 2-5 shows Cluster Builder displaying a map of cluster devices.

Cluster Builder labels other network devices with the following colors:

Green	A cluster member, either as a member switch or as the command switch.
Blue	A cluster candidate that is fully qualified to become a cluster member. Add these candidates to the cluster with Cluster Builder.

Table 2-6 describes the active buttons in Cluster Builder, Table 2-7 describes the available menu options when you right-click a switch, and Table 2-8 describes the available menu options when you right-click a link. The menu options can vary depending on the type of device and whether or not it is a cluster member.

Table 2-7: Cluster Builder Device Menu Items

Menu Item	Action (available when you right-click a switch)
Switch Manager	Displays the switch manager home page. You can also display this page by double-clicking the command, member, or candidate switches. For more information, see the "Managing Your Switch through CVSM" section.
Device Web Page	Displays the HTML interface for the device. (Not always displayed.)
Device Report	Displays the device report for the switch. The device report has three pages of information about the switch: configuration, system, and port. This feature is not available on Catalyst 1900 and 2820 switches. For more information, see the "Displaying Device Reports and Graphs" section.
Bandwidth Graph	Displays a graph that plots the total bandwidth used by the switch. This feature is not available on Catalyst 1900 and 2820 switches. For more information, see the "Displaying Device Reports and Graphs" section.
Host Name Config	Displays a window where you can enter a host name for the switch. For more information, see the "Changing the Host Name" section.
Add to Cluster, Remove from Cluster	Adds or removes the selected switch to or from the cluster. (Not always displayed.) For more information, see the "Adding and Removing Member Switches" section.
Hide Candidates, Show Candidates	Hides or redisplays candidate switches connected to a cluster member.

Using Cluster View

Cluster View displays the cluster as a double-switch icon with connections to edge devices and candidate switches. To access Cluster View, click the Toggle Views button in Cluster Builder.

Cluster View labels network devices with the following colors:

Yellow	Noncluster-capable, but CDP-capable devices, or edge devices that are not running Cluster Management software. These devices are directly connected to a cluster member. Edge devices include Cisco switches, routers, hubs, or micro-web servers. Edge devices can only be Cisco devices.
Green	Cluster icon. A double-switch icon represents all members of the current cluster. Double-clicking the cluster icon launches the CVSM home page.
Blue	Candidate switches that are not part of the cluster but are eligible.
White	Additional clusters. If devices are directly connected to the cluster but are part of another cluster, these devices are represented by a double-switch icon as long as one of the devices connected is the command switch of the other cluster. If none of the devices connected is a command switch, they are all displayed as edge devices with yellow labels.

Table 2-9 describes the active buttons in Cluster View. Table 2-10 lists the menu options available when you right-click a device. Table 2-11 lists the menu options available when you right-click a link.

Table 2-9: Cluster View Buttons

Button	Action
Cluster Manager	Displays Cluster Manager.
Toggle Views	Toggles between Cluster Builder and Cluster View. In Cluster Builder, the command switch, members, and candidate switches are displayed.
Toggle Labels	Changes the labels on the links and icons. The labels can be MAC address (IP address of the command switch) of the switch and the port numbers that connect links. A candidate switch also displays its IP addresses if one is assigned. Host names.
Save Layout	Saves the current layout of the switch icons. As long as there are no topology changes, the saved layout displays the next time you display Cluster View. For more information, see the "Arranging and Saving the Device Layout" section.

Using Cluster Manager

Cluster Manager displays images of cluster switches that you can use to monitor and configure the devices. You can configure a cluster member on the port-, switch-, or cluster-level.

For port-level configuration, right-click a port (or several ports on the same switch while holding the Ctrl key) to display the port pop-up menu. Table 2-12 describes the items available from this menu.

Table 2-12: Cluster Manager Port Menu Items

Menu Item	Action (available when you right-click a port)
Port Configuration	Double-click a port, or click a port (or several ports on the same switch while holding the Ctrl key) to display the Port Configuration window. From this window, you can configure the status, speed, duplex, and Port Fast settings. For more information, see the "Configuring Ports" section.
Link Graph	Right-click a port that is green to display the performance graph for the link. You can plot the link utilization percentage and the total packets, bytes, and errors recorded on the link. This feature is not available on Catalyst 1900 and 2820 switches. For more information, see the "Displaying Link Utilization Graphs" section.

You can click the Mode button to change the port LED mode and display the speed and duplex settings of all switch ports. The LEDs display real-time information on the status and configuration of the ports.

For device-level configuration, right-click the switch chassis to display the device pop-up menu. Table 2-13 describes the items available from this menu.

Table 2-13: Cluster Manager Device Menu Items

Menu Item	Action (available when you right-click a switch chassis)
Switch Manager	Displays the switch manager home page. You can also display this page by double-clicking the command, member, or candidate switches. For more information, see the "Managing Your Switch through CVSM" section.
Administrative Information	Displays a window for entering the host name, system contact, and location. This window also displays the system uptime. The name you enter here is displayed on the switch in Cluster Manager and Cluster Builder. For more information, see the "Changing the Host Name" section.
Device Report	Displays the device report for the switch. The device report consists of three pages of information about the switch: configuration, system, and port. This feature is not available on Catalyst 1900 and 2820 switches. For more information, see the "Displaying Device Reports and Graphs" section.
Bandwidth Graph	Displays a graph that plots the total bandwidth in use by the switch. This feature is not available on Catalyst 1900 and 2820 switches. For more information, see the "Displaying Device Reports and Graphs" section.
VLAN Membership	Displays user configured VLANs on the switch. Select a VLAN, and click Display Members to show the ports that belong to the VLAN. Cluster Manager identifies the ports that belong to the selected VLAN by outlining them with a colored box on the switch image. Use the legend on the page to understand the VLAN port types. For more information, see the "Displaying VLAN Membership" section. The VLAN Membership menu option is not available on Catalyst 1900 or 2820 switches running standard edition software or running Enterprise Edition Software with bridge groups enabled.
SNMP Manager	Displays the window for configuring SNMP community strings and trap managers on cluster members. For more information, see the "Configuring SNMP" section.

For cluster-level configuration, click the buttons on the left side of the Cluster Manager window. Table 2-14 describes the group-level buttons.

Table 2-14: Cluster Manager Cluster-Level Buttons

Button Name	Action
Cluster Builder	Displays Cluster Builder.
Software Upgrade	Displays the window for performing group upgrades on cluster members. For more information, see the "Upgrading Software for a Group of Switches" section.
Device Position	Displays the window for rearranging the position of cluster members in Cluster Manager. By default, the command switch is displayed at the top of the stack of switches. For more information, see the "Rearranging the Order of the Switches" section.

Using the IOS Command-Line Interface

This section introduces the Cisco IOS command-line interface (CLI). The Cisco IOS Desktop Switching Command Reference (online only) contains a complete description of commands that have been created or changed for the 2900 and 3500 XL switches.

Understanding the CLI

This section describes the Cisco IOS command-mode structure. Each command mode supports specific Cisco IOS commands. For example, the interface type_number command is used only from global configuration mode.

The switch supports the following command modes:

• User EXEC

• Privileged EXEC

• VLAN database (Enterprise Edition Software only)

• Global configuration

• Interface configuration

• Line configuration

Table 2-15 describes how to access each mode, the prompt you see in that mode, and how to exit the mode. The examples in the table use the host name switch.

Setting Passwords and Privilege Levels

Because many privileged EXEC commands are used to set operating parameters, you should password-protect these commands to prevent unauthorized use.

Catalyst 2900 and 3500 XL switches have two commands for setting passwords:

• enable secret password (a very secure, encrypted password)

• enable password password (a less secure, unencrypted password)

To remove a password, use the no version of the commands: no enable secret or no enable password. If you lose or forget your enable password, see the "Recovering from a Lost or Forgotten Password" section.

When the Cluster Management software suggests a candidate to add to a cluster, you enter the password of the candidate switch, if one was defined, and the switch joins the cluster. Then the member switch inherits the command switch password. For more information on managing passwords in Cluster Management, see the "Changes to Passwords" section.

You can also specify up to 15 privilege levels and define passwords for them by using the enable password [level level] {password} or enable secret [level level] {password} command. Level 1 is normal EXEC-mode user privileges. If you do not specify a level, the privilege level defaults to 15 (traditional enable privileges).

You can specify a level, set a password, and give the password only to users who need to have access at this level. Use the privilege level global configuration command to specify commands accessible at various levels. For more information on these commands, refer to the complete IOS Release 12.0 documentation set on CCO by selecting Service and Support>Technical Documents>Documentation Home.

Using the CLI to Manage Cluster Members

You can configure member switches with the CLI by first logging into the command switch. Enter the EXEC mode rcommand command and the member switch number to start a Telnet session (through a console or Telnet connection) and access the member switch CLI. Except when connecting to a Catalyst 1900 or 2820 switch running standard edition software with the command switch at privilege level 1 to 14, you are not prompted for a password because the member switch inherited the password of the command switch when it joined the cluster.

switch# rcommand 3
 

For 2900 and 3500 XL switches, the Telnet session accesses the member-switch CLI at the same privilege level as on the command switch. The IOS commands then operate as usual. For instructions on configuring the 2900 or 3500 XL switch for a Telnet session, see the "Configuring the Switch for Telnet" section.

For Catalyst 1900 and 2820 switches running standard edition software, the Telnet session accesses the menu console (the menu-driven interface) if the command switch is at privilege level 15. If the command switch is at privilege level 14, you are prompted for the password before being able to access the menu console.

Command switch privilege levels map to the Catalyst 1900 and 2820 member switches running standard and Enterprise Edition Software as follows:

• If the command switch privilege level is 1 to 14, the member switch is accessed at privilege level 1.

• If the command switch privilege level is 15, the member switch is accessed at privilege level 15.

The Catalyst 1900 and 2820 CLI is available only on switches running Enterprise Edition Software.

Getting Help

You can use the question mark (?) and arrow keys to help you enter commands.

For a list of available commands in a command mode, enter a question mark:

switch> ?
 

To complete a command, enter a few known characters followed by a tab (with no space):

switch# sh conf<tab>
switch#sh configuration
 

For a list of command variables, enter the command followed by a space and a question mark:

switch> show ?
 

To redisplay a command you previously entered, press the up-arrow key. You can continue to press the up-arrow key for more commands.

Abbreviating Commands

You only have to enter enough characters for the switch to recognize the command as unique. This example shows how to enter the show configuration command:

switch# show conf

Using no Commands

• Resets a command to its default values.

Understanding Command-Line Error Messages

Table 2-16 lists some error messages that you might encounter while using the CLI to configure your switch.

Table 2-16: Common CLI Error Messages

Error Message	Meaning	How to Get Help
% Ambiguous command: "show con"	You did not enter enough characters for your switch to recognize the command.	Reenter the command followed by a question mark (?) with a space between the command and the question mark. The possible keywords that you can enter with the command are displayed.
% Incomplete command.	You did not enter all of the keywords or values required by this command.	Reenter the command followed by a question mark (?) with a space between the command and the question mark. The possible keywords that you can enter with the command are displayed.
% Invalid input detected at `^' marker.	You entered the command incorrectly. The caret (^) marks the point of the error.	Enter a question mark (?) to display all of the commands that are available in this command mode. The possible keywords that you can enter with the command are displayed.

Configuring the Switch for Telnet

The following procedure describes one way to configure a Telnet password.

Task	Prompt	Command
Step 1 Attach a PC or workstation with emulation software to the switch console port. The default data characteristics of the console port are 9600, 8, 1, no parity. When the command line appears, go to Step 2.
Step 2 Enter privileged EXEC mode.	switch>	enable
Step 3 Enter global configuration mode.	switch#	config terminal
Step 4 Enter the interface configuration mode for the Telnet interface. There are 16 possible sessions on a command-capable switch. The 0 and 15 indicate that you are configuring all 16 possible Telnet sessions.	switch(config)#	line vty 0 15
Step 5 Enter a password.	switch(config)#	password password
Step 6 Return to privileged EXEC mode so that you can verify the entry.	switch(config)#	end
Step 7 Display the running configuration. The password is listed under the command line vty 0 15	switch#	show running-config
Step 8 (Optional) Save the running configuration to the startup configuration.	switch#	copy running-config startup-config

Starting a Telnet Session from the Browser

Follow this procedure to start a Telnet session by using a browser:

Step 1 Start one of the supported browsers.

Step 2 In the URL field, enter the IP address of the command switch.

Step 3 When the Cisco Systems Access page (Figure 2-1) is displayed, click Telnet - to the switch to start the Telnet session.

Working with Files in Flash Memory

You can use the file system in Flash memory to copy files and to troubleshoot configuration problems. Use the privileged EXEC dir flash: command to display the contents of Flash memory:

Switch# dir flash:
Directory of flash:
 
  2  -rwx      843947   Mar 01 1993 00:02:18  C2900XL-h-mz-112.8-SA
  4  drwx        3776   Mar 01 1993 01:23:24  html
 66  -rwx         130   Jan 01 1970 00:01:19  env_vars
 68  -rwx        1296   Mar 01 1993 06:55:51  config.text
 
1728000 bytes total (456704 bytes free)

The file system uses a URL-based file specification. The following example uses the TFTP protocol to copy the file conffile.txt from the host arno to switch Flash memory with the name bootfile:

switch# copy tftp://arno//2900/conffile.txt flash:bootfile

You can enter the following parameters as part of a filename:

• TFTP

• Flash

• RCP

• XMODEM

Use the copy running-config startup-config command to save your configuration changes to Flash memory so that they are not lost if there is a system reload or power outage. This example shows how to use this command to save your changes:

Switch# copy running-config startup-config
Building configuration...
 

[OK]
switch#

Using SNMP Management

This section describes how to access Management Information Base (MIB) objects to configure and manage your switch. It provides the following information:

Using FTP to Access the MIB Files

You can obtain each MIB file with the following procedure:

Step 1 Use FTP to access the server ftp.cisco.com.

Step 2 Log in with the username anonymous.

Step 3 Enter your e-mail username when prompted for the password.

Step 4 At the ftp> prompt, change directories to /pub/mibs/supportlists.

Step 5 Change directories to one of the following:

• wsc2900xl for a list of 2900 XL MIBs

• wsc3500xl for a list of 3500 XL MIBs

Step 6 Use the get MIB_filename command to obtain a copy of the MIB file.

Using SNMP to Access MIB Variables

The switch MIB variables are accessible through SNMP, an application-layer protocol facilitating the exchange of management information between network devices. The SNMP system consists of three parts:

• The SNMP manager, which resides on the network management system (NMS)

• The SNMP agent, which resides on the switch

• The MIBs that reside on the switch but can be compiled with your network management software

An example of an NMS is the CiscoWorks network management software. CiscoWorks software uses the switch MIB variables to set device variables and to poll devices on the network for specific information. The results of a poll can be displayed as a graph and analyzed in order to troubleshoot internetworking problems, increase network performance, verify the configuration of devices, monitor traffic loads, and more.

As shown in Figure 2-8, the SNMP agent gathers data from the MIB, which is the repository for information about device parameters and network data. The agent can send traps, or notification of certain events, to the SNMP manager, which receives and processes the traps. Traps are messages alerting the SNMP manager to a condition on the network such as improper user authentication, restarts, link status (up or down), and so forth. In addition, the SNMP agent responds to MIB-related queries sent by the SNMP manager in get-request, get-next-request, and set-request format.

The SNMP manager uses information in the MIB to perform the operations described in Table 2-17.

Managing Clusters through SNMP

SNMP must be enabled for the Cluster Management reporting and graphing features to function properly. When you power-up your 2900 or 3500 XL switch for the first time, SNMP is enabled if you enter the IP information by using the setup program and accept its proposed configuration. If you did not use the setup program to enter the IP information, and SNMP was not enabled, you can enable it on the SNMP Configuration page described in the "Configuring SNMP" section. On Catalyst 1900 and 2820 switches, SNMP is enabled by default.

When a cluster is created, the command switch manages the exchange of messages between member switches and an SNMP application. The Cluster Management software appends the member switch number (@esN, where N is the switch number) to the first configured RW and RO community strings on the command switch and propagates them to the member switch. The command switch uses this community string to control the forwarding of gets, sets, and get-next messages between the SNMP management station and the member switches. The command switch also passes traps from the member switch to the management station, as shown in Figure 2-9, if the member switch does not have an IP address. If a member switch has its own IP address and community strings, they can be used in addition to the access provided by the command switch. For more information, see the "Changes to the SNMP Community Strings" section and the "Configuring SNMP" section.

Posted: Thu Dec 2 13:28:32 PST 1999
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