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This chapter provides an overview of the configuration and monitoring options supported by the Catalyst 1900 switch. Topics covered in this chapter are the following:
The switch must have an IP address before you can access the web console. See the "Assigning IP Information to the Switch" section.
To access the web console, follow these steps:
Step 1 Start Netscape Communicator 4.xx or Internet Explorer 4.xx.
Step 2 Enter the IP address of the switch in the URL field if you are using Netscape (the Address field if you are using Internet Explorer).
The home page of the web console, Basic System Configuration Page (shown in Figure 3-1), is displayed.
You now can continue to configure or monitor the switch from the web console, as described in the "Web-Based Management" chapter.
You can use the action bar at the top of each page to move between pages. Figure 3-2 lists the functions for each action bar section.
Web console pages function much like other GUIs. A web console page displays the current settings for the switch. You then change the switch settings by entering information into fields, adding and removing list items, or selecting check boxes.
You can restrict access to the menu console by using a password and locking out a user who fails to enter the password within a set number of attempts. The network administrator can then be alerted by in-band management messages. For information about setting the password, see the "Basic System Configuration Page" section.
The switch is designed to operate with little or no user intervention. In most cases, you can start using the switch with its default settings as soon as you assign an IP address to the switch.
Default values are defined for all switch features, and the switch begins forwarding packets as soon as it is powered up and connected to compatible devices. Table 3-1 shows the default values and the web console pages you use to change them.
| Feature | Default Setting | Web Console Page | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Management | |||
| IP address, subnet mask, and | 0.0.0.0 | |
| Cisco Discovery Protocol | Enabled | |
| Performance Tuning | |||
| Switching mode | FragmentFree | |
| Enhanced Congestion Control (ECC) | Disabled | |
| Enhanced Congestion Control (ECC) | Disabled | |
| Duplex mode on 10BaseT ports | Half duplex | |
| Half-duplex back pressure | Disabled | |
| Duplex mode | Half duplex | |
| Duplex mode | Autonegotiate | |
| Flooding/Traffic Control |
|
| |
| Broadcast storm control | Disabled | |
| Store-and-forward on multicast | Disabled | |
| Network Port | None | |
| CGMP | Enabled | |
| Flooding unknown unicast packets | Enabled | |
| Flooding unregistered multicast packets | Enabled | |
| Network Redundancy/Fault Tolerance |
|
| |
| Spanning-Tree Protocol | Enabled | |
| Port Fast Mode Spanning-Tree Protocol on 10BaseT ports | Enabled | |
| Port Fast Mode Spanning-Tree Protocol | Disabled | |
| Diagnostics |
|
| |
| Port monitoring | Disabled | |
| Remote monitoring | Enabled | --- |
| Usage reports | --- | |
| Security |
|
| |
| Console password | None | |
| Action on address violation | Suspend | |
| Addressing security | Disabled | |
| Define trap manager | None | |
| Define set (write) manager | None | |
| Community string | Public/Private | |
| Upgrades |
|
| |
| Firmware | --- | |
The menu console is a menu-driven interface for configuring and monitoring network conditions and statistics. You can use the menu console even when the network is down because the console bypasses the network and communicates directly with the switch.
To access the menu console, follow these steps:
Step 1 Establish a connection with the switch by either:
After you connect through the console port or through a Telnet session, the Menu Console Logon Screen is displayed (shown in Figure 3-3) on the console.
Catalyst 1900 Management Console Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998 All rights reserved. Standard Edition Software Ethernet address: 00-E0-1E-7E-B4-40 PCA Number: 73-2239-01 PCA Serial Number: SAD01200001 Model Number: WS-C1924-A System Serial Number: FAA01200001 ------------------------------------------------- User Interface Menu [M] Menus [I] IP Configuration Enter Selection:
Step 2 Enter the [M] option to display the Management Console Main Menu (Figure 3-4).
Catalyst 1900 - Main Menu [C] Console Settings [S] System [N] Network Management [P] Port Configuration [A] Port Addressing [D] Port Statistics Detail [M] Monitoring [B] Bridge Group [R] Multicast Registration [F] Firmware [I] RS-232 Interface [U] Usage Summaries [H] Help [X] Exit Management Console Enter Selection:
You now can continue to configure or monitor the switch from the menu console, as described in the "Menu-Based Management" chapter.
Figure 3-5 lists the menus that are available from the Main Menu of the menu console.
When you use the menu console, keep the following in mind:
The switch is designed to operate with little or no user intervention. In most cases, you can start using the switch with its default settings as soon as you assign an IP address to the switch.
Default values are defined for all switch features, and the switch begins forwarding packets as soon as it is powered up and connected to compatible devices. Table 3-2 shows the default values and the web console pages you use to change them.
| Feature | Default Setting | Console Menu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Management | |||
| IP address, subnet mask, and | 0.0.0.0 | |
| Cisco Discovery Protocol | Enabled | |
| Performance Tuning | |||
| Switching mode | FragmentFree | |
| Enhanced Congestion Control (ECC) | Disabled | |
| Enhanced Congestion Control (ECC) | Disabled | |
| Duplex mode on 10BaseT | Half duplex | |
| Half-duplex back pressure | Disabled | |
| Duplex mode on 100BaseFX port | Half duplex | |
| Duplex mode on 100BaseTX ports | Autonegotiation | |
| Flooding/Traffic Control |
|
| |
| Broadcast storm control | Disabled | |
| Network Port | None | |
| CGMP | Enabled | |
| Overlapping bridge groups | Disabled | |
| Store-and-forward on multicast | Disabled | |
| Flooding unknown unicast packets | Enabled | |
| Flooding unregistered multicast packets | Enabled | |
| Network Redundancy/Fault Tolerance |
|
| |
| Spanning-Tree Protocol | Enabled | |
| Port Fast Spanning-Tree Protocol | Enabled | |
| Port Fast Spanning-Tree Protocol | Disabled | |
| Diagnostics |
|
| |
| Port monitoring | Disabled | |
| Remote monitoring (RMON) | Enabled | --- |
| Usage reports | --- | Port Status Report |
| Security |
|
| |
| Console password | None | |
| Action on address violation | Suspend | |
| Addressing security | Disabled | |
| Define trap manager | None | |
| Define set (write) manage | None | |
| Community strings | Public/Private | |
| Upgrading |
|
| |
| Firmware | --- | |
You can configure and manage the switch by accessing the MIB objects through in-band management. This section provides the following information about in-band management through Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
These MIB files contain variables that can be set or read to provide information about the switch and the traps generated by the switch.
The switch is shipped with a DOS diskette containing the switch firmware and device-specific MIBs. You can also obtain a copy of the MIB files in the following ways:
To obtain a MIB file, follow these steps:
Step 1 Use FTP to access the server ftp.cisco.com.
Step 2 Log in with the username anonymous.
Step 3 Enter your e-mail name when prompted for the password.
Step 4 At the ftp> prompt, change directories to /pub/MIBs.
Step 5 Use the get README command to display the readme file listing available files.
Step 6 Use the get MIB_filename command to get a copy of the MIB file.
To access the MIB files from CCO, click Software & Support to display the Software Center site.
You can access CCO in the following ways:
For a copy of CCO's Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), contact cco-help@cisco.com. For additional information, contact cco-team@cisco.com.
The switch MIB variables are accessible through SNMP, an application-layer protocol facilitating the exchange of management information between network devices. The SNMP system consists of three parts: SNMP manager, SNMP agent, and MIB.
SNMP places all operations in a get-request, get-next-request, and set-request format. For example, an SNMP manager can get a value from an SNMP agent or store a value into that SNMP agent. The SNMP manager can be part of a network management system (NMS), and the SNMP agent can reside on a networking device such as a switch. You can compile the switch MIB files with your network management software. The SNMP agent can respond to MIB-related queries being sent by the NMS.
An example of an NMS is the CiscoWorks network management software. CiscoWorks uses the switch MIB variables to set device variables and to poll devices on the network for specific information. The results of a poll can be displayed as a graph and analyzed in order to troubleshoot internetworking problems, increase network performance, verify the configuration of devices, monitor traffic loads, and more.
Figure 3-6 shows how the SNMP agent gathers data from the MIB, which holds information about device parameters and network data. The agent can send traps, or notification of certain events, to the manager.
The SNMP manager uses information in the MIB to perform the operations described in Table 3-3.
| Operation | Description |
|---|---|
get-request | Retrieves a value from a specific variable. |
get-next-request | Retrieves a value from a variable within a table.1 |
get-response | Reply to a get-request, get-next-request, and set-request sent by an NMS. |
set-request | Store a value in a specific variable. |
trap | Send an unsolicited message from an SNMP agent to an SNMP manager indicating that some event has occurred. |
| 1An SNMP manager does not need to know the exact variable name. It sequentially searches to find the needed variable from within a table. |
Remote Monitoring (RMON) is a standard monitoring specification that allows various network monitors and console systems to exchange network monitoring data. The switches provide support for the RMON of all ports. RMON provides you with visibility into network activity. You can access and remotely monitor the RMON specification RFC-1757 groupings of statistics, historical information, alarms, and events for any port through SNMP or through management applications, such as TrafficDirector.
RMON is enabled by default and is not displayed on the console. The switches support the statistics, history, alarm, and event groups.
The RMON feature monitors network traffic at the link layer of the OSI model without requiring a dedicated monitoring probe or network analyzer. You can analyze network traffic patterns, set up proactive alarms to detect problems before they affect users, identify heavy network users as candidates to move to dedicated or higher speed ports, and do trend analysis for long-term planning.
The switches support the following four RMON groups:
The statistics group of the RMON specification maintains utilization and error statistics for the monitored switch. Statistics include information about collisions, cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) and alignment; undersized or oversized packets, jabber, fragments, broadcast, multicast, and unicast messages; and bandwidth utilization.
The history group takes periodic samples from the statistics section and stores them for later retrieval. This sampling includes information such as utilization, error counts, and packet counts.
You can use the alarm group to set a sampling interval and threshold for any RMON recorded item. Examples of alarm settings include absolute or relative values, rising or falling thresholds of utilization, packet counts, and CRC errors.
The events group allows events (generated traps) to be logged and provided to a network manager. The time and date are recorded with each logged event. You can use the events group to create customized reports that are based on alarm types.
With RMON enabled, the switches collect and forward comprehensive network traffic information from multiple Ethernet segments simultaneously. This capability allows you to obtain information to help tune or troubleshoot a switched LAN.
Extended RMON capabilities are provided through the use of a networking monitoring probe (such as Cisco SwitchProbe) connected to the monitoring (Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN)) port of the switch.
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