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This chapter provides physical and functional overviews of the Cisco 12012 Gigabit Switch Router (GSR). It contains physical descriptions of the router hardware and major components, and functional descriptions of the hardware-related features.
The Cisco 12012 is a member of the Cisco 12000 series of gigabit switch routers. The Cisco 12012 is aimed at scaling the Internet and enterprise backbones to speeds of OC-3/STM-1 (155 Mbps), OC-12/STM-4 (622 Mbps), and OC-48/STM-16 (2.4 Gbps). The Cisco 12012 is built around a high-speed switching fabric that is scalable from 5 to 60 Gbps, providing high-performance to support IP-based local and wide-area networks (WANs).
The Cisco 12012 has two separate card cages; the upper card cage and the lower card cage. The upper card cage has 12 user-configurable slots that support a combination of line cards and a Gigabit Route Processor (GRP). The rightmost slot in the upper card cage supports a non-configurable alarm card. Network interfaces reside on line cards that provide connection between the router's switch fabric and the external networks.
The lower card cage has five slots for the cards containing the switch fabric: clock and scheduler cards (CSCs) and switch fabric cards (SFCs). The lower card cage is keyed; the top two slots accept clock and scheduler cards, and the lower three slots accept switch fabric cards.
You can configure the Cisco 12012 for either source AC operation or source DC operation. AC-input or DC-input power supplies reside in a power supply bay located near the bottom of the frame.
 | Warning AC operation requires a minimum configuration of two AC-input power supplies. |
Two blower modules, one mounted at the top of the frame and one mounted at the bottom of the frame, provide cooling air to the system.
The Cisco 12012 is a modular system consisting of the following components (see Figure 1-1):
The front of the Cisco 12012 provides access to all system components, making the system easy to service. All its major components are field-replaceable units (FRUs), including the following:
The following sections provide brief overviews of each FRU. Chapter 7, "Maintaining the Cisco 12012," and separate documents called configuration notes contain instructions for removing and replacing FRUs.
For information on ordering FRUs, contact a customer service representative.
This section provides information about the Gigabit Route Processor (GRP) (see Figure 1-2) and its use as the main system processor for the Cisco 12012.
This section provides information on the following GRP functionality:
The primary functions of the GRP are as follows:
The GRP communicates with the line cards either through the switch fabric or through a maintenance bus (MBus). The switch fabric connection is the main data path for routing table distribution as well as for packets that are sent between the line cards and the GRP. The MBus connection allows the GRP to download a system bootstrap image, collect or load diagnostic information, and perform general, internal system maintenance operations. The GRP plugs into any slot in the upper card cage in the Cisco 12012 except the rightmost slot, which is reserved for the alarm card.
The GRP contains the following components:
The Cisco IOS software images that run the Cisco 12012 reside in Flash memory, which is located on the GRP in the form of a single in-line memory module (SIMM), and on up to two Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) cards (called Flash memory cards) that insert in the two PCMCIA slots (slot 0 and slot 1) on the front of the GRP. (See Figure 1-2.) Storing the Cisco IOS images in Flash memory enables you to download and boot from upgraded Cisco IOS images remotely or from software images resident in GRP Flash memory.
The Cisco 12012 supports downloadable system software for most Cisco IOS software upgrades, which enables you to remotely download, store, and boot from a new Cisco IOS image.
Table 1-1 lists the memory components on the GRP. Figure 1-3 shows the location of the DRAM and Flash SIMM on the GRP.
| Type | Size | Quantity | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| DRAM | 641 to 256 MB | 1 or 2 | 64- or 128-MB DIMMs (based on DRAM required) for main Cisco IOS software functions. |
| SRAM | 512 KB (fixed)2 | SRAM for secondary CPU cache memory functions. | |
| NVRAM | 512 KB (fixed)3 | Nonvolatile random-access memory for the system configuration file. | |
| Flash Memory (SIMM)4 | 8 MB | 1 | Contains Cisco IOS software images and other user-defined files on the GRP. |
| Flash Memory (card) | 20 MB5 | Up to 2 | Contains Cisco IOS software images and other user-defined files on up to two PCMCIA-based Flash memory cards.6 |
| Flash boot ROM | 512 KB | 1 | Flash EPROM for the ROM monitor program boot image. |
The extended data output (EDO) dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) on the GRP stores routing tables, protocols, and network accounting applications, and runs the Cisco IOS software. The standard (default) GRP DRAM configuration is 64 megabytes (MB) of EDO DRAM, which you can increase up to 256 MB through DRAM upgrades. The Cisco IOS software runs from within GRP DRAM. Table 1-2 lists the DRAM configurations and upgrades.
| Total DRAM | Product Numbers | DRAM Sockets | Number of DIMMs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 64 MB1 | MEM-GRP/LC-64(=) | U39 (bank 1) | 1 64-MB DIMM |
| 128 MB | MEM-GRP/LC-64(=) | U39 (bank 1) and U42 (bank 2) | 2 64-MB DIMMs |
| 128 MB | MEM-GRP/LC-128(=) | U39 (bank 1) | 1 128-MB DIMM |
| 256 MB | MEM-GRP/LC-256(=) | U39 (bank 1) and U42 (bank 2) | 2 128-MB DIMMs |
 | Caution To prevent memory problems, DRAM DIMMs must be 3.3-volt (V), 60-nanosecond (ns) devices. Do not attempt to install other devices in the DIMM sockets. |
| Caution Before you replace the GRP in the system, back up the running configuration to a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) file server or an installed Flash memory card so you can retrieve it later. If the configuration is not saved, the entire configuration will be lost--inside the NVRAM on the removed GRP--and you will have to reenter the entire configuration manually. This procedure is not necessary if you are temporarily removing a GRP; lithium batteries retain the configuration in memory until you replace the GRP in the system. |
A soft reset switch provides a reset to the R5000's software on the GRP. Access to the soft reset switch is through a small opening in the GRP faceplate. To depress the switch, you must insert a paperclip or similar sharp pointed object into the opening.
| Caution To prevent system problems or loss of data, use the soft reset switch only at the advice of Cisco service personnel. |
The GRP has two PCMCIA slots available. Either slot can support a Flash memory card or an input/output (I/O) device as long as the device requires only +5 VDC. The GRP supports Type 1 and Type 2 devices; it does not support +3.3 VDC PCMCIA devices. Each PCMCIA slot has an ejector button for ejecting a PCMCIA card from the slot.
Two asynchronous serial ports on the GRP, the console and auxiliary ports, allow you to connect external devices to monitor and manage the system. The console port is an Electronics Industries Association/Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA)-232 receptacle (female) that provides a data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) interface for connecting a console terminal.
The GRP has one Ethernet port available, using one of the following two connection types:
The Cisco 12012 is shipped from the factory with up to 11 installed line cards that provide a variety of network media types (based on your order). The line cards are installed in slots 0 through 11 in the upper card cage and interface to each other and to the GRP through the switch fabric (cards in the lower card cage). Vertical cable-management brackets attach to each line card to manage and organize the network interface cables.
Line cards installed in the Cisco 12012 support online insertion and removal (OIR), which means you can remove and replace a line card while the Cisco 12012 remains powered up.
| Caution To ensure adequate airflow through the upper card cage, empty card slots must have a card blank installed. |
The alarm card has three primary functions:
The alarm card faceplate contains the following connectors and indicators (see Figure 1-4):
The heart of the Cisco 12012 is the switch fabric circuity, which provides synchronized gigabit speed interconnections for the line cards and the GRP. The switch fabric circuitry is contained on two types of cards, a clock and scheduler card and a switch fabric card, which install in the five slots in the lower card cage. (See Figure 1-5.) A clock and scheduler card is installed in either slot 0 or slot 1 (CSC 0 or CSC 1) in the lower card cage; a switch fabric card is installed in slot 2, slot 3, or slot 4 (SFC 1, SFC 2, or SFC 3) in the lower card cage. A system must have a one clock and scheduler card installed to operate. Both types of cards have a switching capacity of 15 Gbps. You can add switching capacity (up to 60 Gbps) and redundancy by increasing the number of switch cards (to a maximum of five cards) installed in your system.
Each clock and scheduler card or switch fabric card provides OC-12/STM-4 (622 Mbps) switching bandwidth for the system. By adding three more cards in the lower card cage, the bandwidth is increased to OC-48/STM-16 (2.4 Gbps). Table 1-3 lists the switch fabric bandwidth and the card configurations needed to support the bandwidth.
| Switch Fabric Bandwidth | Clock and Scheduler Card | Switch Fabric Card |
|---|---|---|
| OC-12/STM-4 | 11 | 0 |
| OC-12/STM-4 redundant | 2 | 0 |
| OC-48/STM-16 | 1 | 3 |
| OC-48/STM-16 redundant | 2 | 3 |
A minimally configured system has one clock and scheduler card installed. This configuration provides an OC-12/STM-4 bandwidth, but no switch fabric, clock, or scheduler redundancy. Adding a second clock and scheduler card provides fabric, clock, and scheduler redundancy, but no increase in bandwidth. Adding three switch fabric cards to a system with a single clock and scheduler card increases the system bandwidth to OC-48/STM-16, but no clock or scheduler redundancy. Adding a second clock and scheduler card to the system gives you OC-48/STM-16 bandwidth plus fabric, clock, and scheduler redundancy.
The clock and scheduler card contains the following functionality:
The switch fabric card contains only the switch fabric circuitry, which carries user traffic between line cards or between the GRP and the line cards. The switch fabric card receives scheduling information and the system clock from the clock and scheduler card. The switch card is keyed to occupy slots 2, 3, and 4 (lower three slots) in the lower card cage. A minimally configured Cisco 12012 does not require a switch fabric card; however, to maximize the bandwidth and switching capacity of the Cisco 12012, three switch fabric cards must be installed.
Status of the cards in the lower card cage is displayed by five pairs of LEDs (one pair for each card slot) on the alarm card in the upper card cage. Each pair of LEDs includes a green enable LED, which indicates the clock and scheduler card (CSC) or switch fabric card (SFC) is installed and operational, and a red fail LED, which indicates a fault has been detected on the card installed in that slot.
The power supply bay, located at the bottom of the card cage assembly, can accommodate up to four AC-input power supplies or two dual-width DC-input power supplies.
| Caution Do not mix power supplies in the Cisco 12012. In multiple power supply system configurations, all power supplies must be of the same type (four AC-input power supplies or two DC-input power supplies). |
The AC-input power supply is a modular unit that measures 10 inches (25.4 cm) by 3.8 inches (9.6 cm) wide by 15 inches (38 cm) deep and weighs 18 lb (8.2 kg). (See Figure 1-6.) The Cisco 12012 requires two AC-input power supplies to operate. Installing one or two additional AC-input power supplies provides power supply redundancy and current sharing capability.
| Warning AC operation requires a minimum configuration of two AC-input power supplies. |
An AC-input power supply has the following features:
Connect each AC-input power supply to a separate AC power source.
The DC-input power supply has the following features (see Figure 1-7):
| Caution To ensure adequate airflow across the router's power supplies, a power supply or a power supply blank must be installed in each power supply bay. |
The backplane distributes power in the Cisco 12012 through the backplane to all cards in the upper and lower card cages and to the two blower modules through two harnesses. (See Figure 1-8.) The power supplies convert either source AC or source DC into +5 VDC and -48 VDC. The +5 VDC goes directly to each card to power the MBus module. The -48 VDC feeds a DC-DC converter also on each card. The MBus module controls the DC-DC converter. When directed by the GRP or by MBus software, the MBus module turns on the DC-DC converter; the -48 VDC is converted into +3.3 VDC and +5 VDC for use by the card.
Power for the blower modules is supplied directly from the backplane through two harnesses mounted on the frame. An internal blower module controller card converts -48 VDC into a variable DC voltage which powers the blower module fans. An increase in the system ambient air temperature increases the voltage to the fans, increasing their speed.
The Cisco 12012 has two blower modules; one is located above the upper card cage, and the second is located below the power supply bay. (See Figure 1-1.) The two blower modules maintain acceptable operating temperatures for the internal components by drawing cooling air through both card cages and the power supply bay.
The blower module is a sheet metal enclosure containing three fans, a fan controller card, and two faceplate LEDs. (See Figure 1-9.) The top and bottom blower modules are identical and are interchangeable. Both blower modules have snap-on plastic front covers mounted over the blower module faceplates. Two blower module LEDs are visible through the front covers.
The blower modules draw room air in through an air filter on the front of the lower card cage (See Figure 1-10). The top blower module draws the air up through the upper card cage and out through exhaust vents on the back of the blower module; the bottom blower module draws the air down through the lower card cage and power supply bay and out through exhaust vents on the back of the blower module.
The front and back of the Cisco 12012 must remain unobstructed to ensure adequate air flow and prevent overheating inside the card cage assembly; we recommend at least 6 inches (15.2 cm) of clearance.
A blower module controller card in the blower module monitors and controls the operation of the three variable-speed fans. The variable-speed feature enables quieter operation by allowing the blower modules to operate at less than maximum speed when doing so provides adequate cooling to maintain an acceptable operating temperature inside the card cage assembly.
Temperature sensors (two per card) monitor the internal air temperature. When the ambient air temperature is within normal operating range, the fans operate at their lowest speed, which is 55 percent of the maximum speed.
If the air temperature inside the card cage assembly rises, fan speed increases to provide additional cooling air to the internal components. If the internal air temperatures continue to rise beyond the specified threshold, the system environmental monitor shuts down all internal power to prevent equipment damage from excessive heat.
A handle on the blower module provides a grip point for removing and replacing a blower module. (See Figure 1-9.) Two LEDs (one green and one red), visible through the blower module front cover, provide blower module status. The green LED, when on, indicates all three fans are operating normally. The red LED should remain off during normal operation. If the red LED is on, a fan failure or other fault has been detected in the blower module. The fault can be one or more stopped fans or one or more fans running below speed, or the controller card has a fault.
The Cisco 12012 is equipped with a serviceable air filter mounted in a hinged tray located in front of the lower card cage. Do not run the Cisco 12012 without an air filter installed. You should inspect and clean the air filter once a month (more often in dusty environments). Procedures for vacuuming and replacing the air filter are contained in the section "Cleaning and Replacing the Air Filter" in the chapter "Maintaining the Cisco 12012."
The Cisco 12012 cable-management system organizes the interface cables entering and exiting the system, keeping them free of sharp bends (excessive bending in an interface cable can cause performance degradation) and out of the way. The Cisco 12012 cable-management system consists of two components: a horizontal cable-management tray attached to the frame above the upper card cage, and vertical cable-management brackets, one bracket per line card. (See Figure 1-11.)
A vertical cable-management bracket attaches to each line card with two captive screws. Rubber clips on the bracket hold the interface cables in place, keeping the cables organized. On line cards with multiple ports, the vertical cable-management bracket keeps the interface cables organized when you remove and replace the line card. You can unplug the interface cables from the line card and keep cables clipped in the vertical cable-management bracket while you remove the bracket from the line card. Then, when you replace the line card, the interface cables are already broken out to the correct line card interface connectors.
This section lists the Cisco 12012 specifications. The specifications are listed in three tables: Table 1-4 lists the physical specifications, Table 1-5 lists the electrical specifications, and Table 1-6 lists the environmental specifications.
| Description | Value |
|---|---|
| Frame height | 57 inches (144.8 cm) |
| Frame width | 17.4 inches (44.2 cm) 19.375 inches (49.2 cm) including flanges |
| Frame depth | 21 inches (53.3 cm) including cable- management system |
| Weight: Maximum configuration Minimum configuration Shipping | 380 lb (172.4 kg) 250 lb (113.6 kg) 460 lb (208.6 kg) |
| Description | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 32° to 104°F (0 to 40°C) operating -4° to 149°F (-20 to 65°C) nonoperating |
| Humidity | 10 to 90% noncondensing operating 5 to 95% noncondensing nonoperating |
| Altitude | 0 to 10,000 ft (0 to 3,050 m) operating 0 to 30,000 ft (0 to 9,144 m) nonoperating |
| Heat dissipation | 10,640 Btu/hr maximum |
| Acoustic Noise | 69 dbA maximum |
| Shock | 5 to 500 Hz, 0.5g1 (0.1 oct./min.2) operating 5 to 100 Hz, 1g (0.1 oct./min.) nonoperating 100 to 500 Hz, 1.5g (0.2 oct./min.) 500 to 1,000 Hz, 1.5g (0.2 oct./min.) |
In addition to meeting GR-63-CORE and GR-1089-CORE specifications, the Cisco 12012 meets the agency approvals for safety, EMI, and immunity listed in Table 1-7.
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