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Product Numbers: 4OC12c/STM-4c POS-IR-SC(=), 4OC12c/STM-4c POS-MM-SC(=)
This publication contains instructions for installing and configuring the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 Packet-Over-SONET line card on a Cisco 12000 series Gigabit Switch Router.
The following sections are included in this configuration note:
This section contains important information about additional documentation, Cisco IOS software configuration, safety, and technical support. This section also describes important operating considerations for your line card.
The Cisco Documentation CD-ROM package provides comprehensive documentation on the entire Cisco product line. The CD-ROM package contains documents in both Adobe portable document format (PDF), viewable with Adobe Acrobat Reader, and hypertext markup language (HTML) files, viewable with a Web browser.
The Documentation CD-ROM, a member of the Cisco Connection Family, is updated monthly; therefore, it might be more up to date than printed documentation. To order additional copies of the Documentation CD-ROM, contact your local sales representative or call customer service. The CD-ROM package is available as a single package or as an annual subscription.
For hardware installation and maintenance information on the Cisco 12000 series routers, refer to the installation and configuration guide that shipped with your Cisco 12000 series router.
Also refer to the field replacable unit (FRU) publications that describe how to install, maintain, and replace router subsystems, such as cooling fans, power supplies, chassis backplanes, and so on.
The Cisco IOS software that runs on your router contains extensive features and functionality.
For Cisco IOS software configuration information and support, refer to the configuration and command reference publications in the Cisco IOS software configuration documentation set that corresponds to the Cisco IOS software release installed on your Cisco hardware. You can also refer to the Cisco IOS software release notes for the version of Cisco IOS software you are using on your router.
Cisco Connection Online (CCO) is Cisco Systems' primary, real-time support channel. Refer to "Cisco Connection Online," at the end of this publication, for complete information on how to obtain support through CCO.
You can also contact Cisco Customer Service at 800 553-6387 or 408 526-7208 (U.S.). Customer Service hours are 5:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Pacific time, Monday through Friday (excluding company holidays). You can also send e-mail to cs-rep@cisco.com.
You may also find useful information in the Cisco Information Packet that shipped with your router.
The following operating considerations apply to the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 Packet-Over-SONET line card:
Before you begin the procedures in this publication, review the safety guidelines in this section to avoid injuring yourself or damaging the equipment.
For information on regulatory compliance and safety, refer to the Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information publication that shipped with your device. This publication contains important safety information that you must read and understand before attempting to install, remove, or modify any hardware in your Cisco 12000 series router.
Safety warnings appear throughout this publication in procedures that, if performed incorrectly, may harm you. A warning symbol precedes each warning statement. The following paragraph is an example of a safety warning. It identifies the warning symbol and associates it with a bodily injury hazard. The remaining paragraphs in this section are translations of the initial safety warning.
 | Warning This warning symbol means danger. You are in a situation that could cause bodily injury. Before you work on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for preventing accidents. To see translations of the warnings that appear in this publication, refer to the Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information document that accompanied this device. |
Waarschuwing Dit waarschuwingssymbool betekent gevaar. U verkeert in een situatie die lichamelijk letsel kan veroorzaken. Voordat u aan enige apparatuur gaat werken, dient u zich bewust te zijn van de bij elektrische schakelingen betrokken risico's en dient u op de hoogte te zijn van standaard maatregelen om ongelukken te voorkomen. Voor vertalingen van de waarschuwingen die in deze publicatie verschijnen, kunt u het document Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Informatie over naleving van veiligheids- en andere voorschriften) raadplegen dat bij dit toestel is ingesloten.
Varoitus Tämä varoitusmerkki merkitsee vaaraa. Olet tilanteessa, joka voi johtaa ruumiinvammaan. Ennen kuin työskentelet minkään laitteiston parissa, ota selvää sähkökytkentöihin liittyvistä vaaroista ja tavanomaisista onnettomuuksien ehkäisykeinoista. Tässä julkaisussa esiintyvien varoitusten käännökset löydät laitteen mukana olevasta Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information -kirjasesta (määräysten noudattaminen ja tietoa turvallisuudesta).
Attention Ce symbole d'avertissement indique un danger. Vous vous trouvez dans une situation pouvant causer des blessures ou des dommages corporels. Avant de travailler sur un équipement, soyez conscient des dangers posés par les circuits électriques et familiarisez-vous avec les procédures couramment utilisées pour éviter les accidents. Pour prendre connaissance des traductions d'avertissements figurant dans cette publication, consultez le document Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Conformité aux règlements et consignes de sécurité) qui accompagne cet appareil.
Warnung Dieses Warnsymbol bedeutet Gefahr. Sie befinden sich in einer Situation, die zu einer Körperverletzung führen könnte. Bevor Sie mit der Arbeit an irgendeinem Gerät beginnen, seien Sie sich der mit elektrischen Stromkreisen verbundenen Gefahren und der Standardpraktiken zur Vermeidung von Unfällen bewußt. Übersetzungen der in dieser Veröffentlichung enthaltenen Warnhinweise finden Sie im Dokument Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Informationen zu behördlichen Vorschriften und Sicherheit), das zusammen mit diesem Gerät geliefert wurde.
Avvertenza Questo simbolo di avvertenza indica un pericolo. La situazione potrebbe causare infortuni alle persone. Prima di lavorare su qualsiasi apparecchiatura, occorre conoscere i pericoli relativi ai circuiti elettrici ed essere al corrente delle pratiche standard per la prevenzione di incidenti. La traduzione delle avvertenze riportate in questa pubblicazione si trova nel documento Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Conformità alle norme e informazioni sulla sicurezza) che accompagna questo dispositivo.
Advarsel Dette varselsymbolet betyr fare. Du befinner deg i en situasjon som kan føre til personskade. Før du utfører arbeid på utstyr, må du vare oppmerksom på de faremomentene som elektriske kretser innebærer, samt gjøre deg kjent med vanlig praksis når det gjelder å unngå ulykker. Hvis du vil se oversettelser av de advarslene som finnes i denne publikasjonen, kan du se i dokumentet Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Overholdelse av forskrifter og sikkerhetsinformasjon) som ble levert med denne enheten.
Aviso Este símbolo de aviso indica perigo. Encontra-se numa situação que lhe poderá causar danos físicos. Antes de começar a trabalhar com qualquer equipamento, familiarize-se com os perigos relacionados com circuitos eléctricos, e com quaisquer práticas comuns que possam prevenir possíveis acidentes. Para ver as traduções dos avisos que constam desta publicação, consulte o documento Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Informação de Segurança e Disposições Reguladoras) que acompanha este dispositivo.
¡Advertencia! Este símbolo de aviso significa peligro. Existe riesgo para su integridad física. Antes de manipular cualquier equipo, considerar los riesgos que entraña la corriente eléctrica y familiarizarse con los procedimientos estándar de prevención de accidentes. Para ver una traducción de las advertencias que aparecen en esta publicación, consultar el documento titulado Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Información sobre seguridad y conformidad con las disposiciones reglamentarias) que se acompaña con este dispositivo.
Varning! Denna varningssymbol signalerar fara. Du befinner dig i en situation som kan leda till personskada. Innan du utför arbete på någon utrustning måste du vara medveten om farorna med elkretsar och känna till vanligt förfarande för att förebygga skador. Se förklaringar av de varningar som förkommer i denna publikation i dokumentet Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information (Efterrättelse av föreskrifter och säkerhetsinformation), vilket medföljer denna anordning.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage, which can occur when electronic cards or components are improperly handled, results in complete or intermittent failures. The 8-Port Fast Ethernet line card consists of a printed circuit card that is fixed in a metal carrier. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and connectors are integral components of the carrier. Although the metal carrier helps to protect the board from ESD, use a preventive ESD strap whenever you are handling a line card.
Following are guidelines for preventing ESD damage:
 | Caution For safety, periodically check the resistance value of the ESD strap. The measurement should be between 1 and 10 megohms. |
The following are common Packet-Over-SONET terms and acronyms for your reference:
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) was designed as a standard method of communicating over point-to-point links. Initial deployment has been over short local lines, leased lines, and plain-old-telephone-service (POTS) (also called basic telephone service) by modem users. As new packet services and higher speed lines are introduced, PPP can be easily deployed in these environments, as well. PPP treats SONET/SDH transport as octet-oriented synchronous links. SONET/SDH links are full-duplex by definition. PPP presents an octet interface to the physical layer.
The Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) is an octet-synchronous multiplex scheme that defines a family of standard rates and formats. Electrical specifications have been defined for single-mode fiber, multimode fiber, and CATV 75-ohm coaxial cable. (The QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 Packet-Over-SONET line card allows transmission over single-mode optical fiber.) The transmission rates are integral multiples of 51.840 Mbps. The following transmission multiples are currently specified and commonly used:
The Packet-Over-SONET specification primarily applies to the use of PPP encapsulation over SONET/SDH links. Because SONET/SDH is, by definition, a point-to-point circuit, PPP is well suited for use over these links. The octet stream is mapped into the SONET/SDH Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE), with the octet boundaries aligned with the SPE octet boundaries. The PPP frames are located by row within the SPE payload. Because frames are variable in length, the frames are allowed to cross SPE boundaries.
The basic rate for Packet-Over-SONET is OC-3/STM-1, which is 155.520 Mbps. The available information bandwidth is 149.760 Mbps, which is the OC-3c/STM-1 SPE with section, line, and path overhead removed.
The following references discuss concepts and specifications of Packet-Over-SONET and PPP:
The Cisco 12000 series Gigabit Switch Routers provide high-speed, high-volume routing of packets and ATM cells. The Cisco 12000 series includes the following platforms, all sharing a similar architecture:
The GSR architecture offers the following features and capabilities in providing support to IP-based local-area networks (LANs) and wide-area networks (WANs):
In addition, the system allows for redundant, field-replaceable units (FRUs).
The QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 Packet-Over-SONET line card provides Cisco 12000 series routers with four 622.080 Mbps POS interfaces on a single card. The card interfaces with the switch fabric in the Cisco 12000 series router and provides four OC-12c/STM-4c duplex SC single-mode and multimode connections. This connection is concatenated, which provides for increased efficiency by eliminating the need to partition the bandwidth.
Each line card has the following main components:
Figure 1 shows a high-level block diagram of the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 Packet-Over-SONET line card. Figure 2 shows front and rear views of the card.
The single-mode transceiver in the intermediate-reach version of the line card provides four full-duplex, 622 Mbps, 1300-nm, laser-based SONET compliant interfaces, with a power rating of -15 to -8 dBm (transmitting) and -28 to -7 dBm (receiving). The single mode transceiver operates at a distance of up to 15 km. The actual distance in any given case depends on the quality of the fiber attached to the transceiver. The single-mode interface meets both IEC 825 and CDRH Class I safety standards.
The multimode transceiver provides four full-duplex, 622.08 Mbps 1300 nm LED-based SONET compliant interfaces, with a power rating of -19 to -14 dBm (transmitting) and -26 to -14 dBm (receiving). The multimode transceiver operates at a distance of up to (500 m). The actual distance in any given case depends on the quality of the fiber attached to the transceiver. The multimode interface meets both IEC 825 and CDRH Class I safety standards.
The burst buffer (512 KB) prevents the dropping of packets when there are instantaneous increases in the number of back-to-back small packets being transmitted at QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line rates. Burst buffers are employed to achieve high throughput and to smooth out the arriving packet burst for the Layer 3 switch processor.
Each line card has two silicon queuing engines: receive and transmit. The receive engine moves packets from the burst buffer to the switch fabric, and the transmit engine moves packets from the switch fabric to the transmit interface.
When an incoming IP packet is clocked into the silicon queuing engine, the silicon queuing engine verifies the packet's integrity by checking the CRC, transfers the IP packet to buffer memory, then tells the Layer 3 switching accelerator the location of the IP packet. At the same time, the forwarding processor tells the silicon queuing engine where to place the IP packet in the virtual output queue.
There is at least one virtual output queue for each line card, plus a dedicated virtual output queue for multicast service. This placement of the IP packets in a virtual output queue is based on the decision made by the forwarding processor.
The transmit silicon queuing engine moves the packet from the switch fabric to the transmit buffer, then to the transmit interface.
The silicon queuing engine controls the placement of IP packets in buffer memory, as well as their removal from buffer memory. The default packet buffer memory is 64 MB, which includes 32 MB of receive (Rx) buffers and 32 MB of transmit (Tx) buffers. The buffer memory can increase to 64 MB of receive buffers and 64 MB of transmit buffers. The buffers can support delays comparable to the longest round-trip delays measured in the Internet at QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line rates.
The Layer 3 switching accelerator assists the forwarding processor. It is a specially designed application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that optimizes access to the Layer 2 and Layer 3 information within each packet.
A forwarding processor makes forwarding decisions based on the information in the CEF table and the Layer 2 and Layer 3 information in the packet. The Gigabit Route Processor (GRP) constantly updates forwarding information in the forwarding table, based on the latest information in the routing table.
Once the forwarding decision has been made, the silicon queuing engine is notified by the forwarding processor, and the silicon queuing engine places the packet into the proper queue.
This partitioning between the Layer 2 switching accelerator and the forwarding processor blends the high throughput of hardware-accelerated forwarding with the flexibility of software-based routing.
The interface to the switch fabric interface consists of four parallel streams of 1.25-Gbps, full-duplex data paths to the switching fabric that is used by the GRP. Once a packet is in the proper queue, the switch fabric interface issues a request to the master clock scheduler on the clock and scheduler card (CSC). The scheduler issues a grant and transfers the packet across the switching fabric.
A maintenance bus (MBus) module on the line card responds to requests from the master MBus module on the GRP. The line card MBus module can report temperature and voltage information to the master MBus module. In addition, the MBus module on the line card contains the ID-EEPROM, which stores the serial number, hardware revision level, and other information about the card.
Each line card maintains CEF tables. These tables, derived from routing tables maintained by the GRP, are used by the line card processor to make forwarding decisions. Large networks may require more DRAM to support large CEF tables. For information on adding memory to a line card, see the document Cisco 12000 Series Gigabit Switch Router Memory Replacement Instructions.
This section provides information to help you prepare to install and configure a QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 Packet-Over-SONET line card. This section also contains safety and ESD-prevention guidelines to help you avoid injuring yourself or damaging the equipment.
We recommend that you do the following before beginning any of the procedures in this document:
You need the following tools and parts to remove and replace a Cisco 12000 series line card. If you need additional equipment, contact your service representative for ordering information.
The QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 Packet-Over-SONET line card is compatible with any Cisco 12000 series router that is operating with the following system software: Cisco IOS Release 11.2(14)GS3 or later, GRP microcode Version 1.13 or later, and line card microcode Version 1.14 or later.
The show version, show diag, and show hardware commands display the current hardware configuration of the router, including the system software version that is currently loaded and running. For complete descriptions of show commands, refer to the Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide and Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference publications, which are available on the Documentation CD-ROM or as printed copies.
In the following example of the show version command, the running system software, Release 11.2(14)GS3, is displayed in italics.
Router# show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) GS Software (GSR-P-M) [bfr_112.g 164] Copyright (c) 1986-1998 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Wed 21-Oct-98 14:22 Image text-base:0x60010900, data-base:0x60694000 ROM:System Bootstrap, Version 11.2(14)GS3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) BOOTFLASH:GS Software (GSR-BOOT-M), Version 11.2(14)GS3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) UConn uptime is 1 week, 5 days, 2 hours, 52 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is booted via tftp from 223.255.254.254 cisco 12012/GRP (R5000) processor (revision 0x01) with 65536K bytes of memory. R5000 processor, Implementation 35, Revision 2.1 (512KB Level 2 Cache) Last reset from power-on 1 Clock Scheduler Card(s) 3 Switch Fabric Card(s) 1 four-port OC3 POS controller (4 POS). 1 OC12 POS controller (1 POS). 1 four-port OC12 POS E.D. controller (4 POS). 1 OC48 POS E.D. controller (1 POS). 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 10 Packet over SONET network interface(s) 507K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 20480K bytes of Flash PCMCIA card at slot 0 (Sector size 128K). 8192K bytes of Flash internal SIMM (Sector size 256K). Configuration register is 0x0
The show diags command displays the GRP microcode version and the line card microcode version (shown in italics in the following example):
Router#show diag 0
SLOT 0 (RP/LC 0 ):4 Port E.D. Packet Over SONET OC-12c/STM-4 Single Mode
MAIN:type 37, 65535-16777215-255 rev 71 dev 0
HW config:0x00 SW key:FF-FF-FF
PCA: 65535-16777215-255 rev 71 ver 1
HW version 1.1 S/N CAB021200CB
MBUS:MBUS Agent (1) 73-2146-06 rev A0 dev 0
HW version 1.1 S/N CAB021200CB
Test hist:0xFF RMA#:FF-FF-FF RMA hist:0xFF
DIAG:Test count:0xFFFFFFFF Test results:0xFFFFFFFF
MBUS Agent Software version 01.35 (RAM) (ROM version is 01.33)
Using CAN Bus A
ROM Monitor version 00.0F
Fabric Downloader version used 00.12 (ROM version is 00.12)
Board is analyzed
Board State is Line Card Enabled (IOS RUN )
Insertion time:00:00:11 (1w5d ago)
DRAM size:33554432 bytes
FrFab SDRAM size:134217728 bytes
ToFab SDRAM size:67108864 bytes
If the displays indicate that the running system software is a version earlier than Release 11.2(14)GS3 or that the running GRP microcode is a version earlier than 1.35, check the contents of Flash to determine if the required images are available on your system. The show flash command displays a list of all files stored in Flash memory. If you do not have the correct software version, contact Cisco Customer Service.
To ensure compatibility with the software, your QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 Packet-Over-SONET line card should have a hardware revision level of 73-3074-03 Rev A0 for single mode and 73-3233-02 Rev A0 for multimode. The hardware revision number is printed on a label affixed to the component side of the card. The hardware revision number can also be displayed using the show diag and show hardware commands.
The SONET specification for fiber-optic transmission defines two types of fiber: single mode and multimode. Signals can travel farther through single mode fiber than through multimode fiber.
The maximum distance for single mode installations is determined by the amount of light loss in the fiber path. Good quality single-mode fiber with very few splices can carry a QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS signal 9.3 miles (15 km) or more. Good quality multimode fiber can carry the signal up to 1640 feet (500 meters). If your environment requires the signal to travel close to the typical maximum distance (as listed in Table 1). use an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) to measure the power loss.
| Transceiver | Power Budget | Transmit Power | Receive Power | Typical Maximum Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Single mode | 12 dB | -15 to -8 dBm1 at 1270 to 1380 nm2 | -28 to -7 dBm | 9.3 miles (15 km) |
Multimode | 6 dB | -19 to -14 dBm at 1270 to 1380 nm | -26 to -14 dBm | 1640.4 feet (500 m) |
| 1dBm = decibels per milliwatt 2nm = nanometer |
The QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card is available with the memory options described in Table 2 and Table 3. Refer to the publication Cisco 12000 Series Gigabit Switch Router Memory Replacement Instructions for installation procedures if you are upgrading or replacing line card memory.
| Product Option | Description |
|---|---|
MEM-DFT-GRP/LC-64 | 64 MB (default) |
MEM-GRP/LC-128 | 128 MB (orderable upgrade) |
MEM-GRP/LC-256 | 256 MB (orderable upgrade) |
| Product Option | Description |
|---|---|
MEM-DFT-PKT-256 | 256 MB (default) |
MEM-PKT-5120-UPG | 512 MB (orderable upgrade) |
This section describes the line card slot locations in the following Cisco 12000 series routers:
Before installing your line card into the router, verify that a line card slot is available.
Figure 4 shows the location of the line card slots in the Cisco 12016 GSR. The Cisco 12016 GSR chassis has three integral card cages: the upper card cage, the lower card cage, and the switch fabric card cage. You can install line cards in the upper or lower card cage.
The upper card cage has eight user-configurable slots that support the following types of cards in the quantities indicated:
The lower card cage in the Cisco 12016 GSR has eight user-configurable slots, numbered 8 through 15, that support the following types of cards in the quantities indicated:
Figure 4 shows the location of the line card slots in the Cisco 12012 GSR. The Cisco 12012 GSR upper card cage contains 12 slots that accommodate the following types of cards in the quantities indicated:
Figure 5 shows the location of the line card slots in the Cisco 12008 GSR. The Cisco 12008 GSR upper card cage contains ten slots that accommodate the following types of cards in the quantities indicated:
Use a single mode or multimode optical-fiber interface cable to connect your Cisco 12000 series router to another router or switch. In general, single mode cables are yellow, and multimode cables are orange. The QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS supports single mode and multimode versions of the line card.
For SONET/SDH single-mode or multimode optical-fiber connections, use one duplex SC-type connector (see Figure 6).
Warning
Because invisible radiation may be emitted from the aperture of the port when no fiber cable is connected, avoid exposure to radiation and do not stare into open apertures.
 | Warning
Class 1 laser product (single mode). |
| Warning
Class 1 LED product (multimode). |
The cable-management system in the Cisco 12000 series router organizes the interface cables entering and exiting the system, keeping them out of the way and free of sharp bends. Excessive bending in an interface cable can degrade performance and possibly harm the cable.
The cable-management system consists of two separate components:
The Cisco 12016 has a cable-management tray for the upper card cage that is positioned above the upper line card slots, and a cable-management tray for the lower card cage that is positioned below the lower line card slots. In addition, there are vertical cable troughs on either side of the card cages that keep the cables organized and secured.
Figure 8 shows a generic cable-management tray and cable-management bracket mounted on a Cisco 12012 GSR.
The cable-management tray on the Cisco 12008 GSR is similar in form and function to the cable-management tray on the Cisco 12012 GSR.
 | Caution Do not use the cable-management bracket as a handle to pull out or push in the line card. The cable-management bracket is designed to hold the interface cables and may break if you use the bracket to push, pull, or carry the line card after it is removed from the GSR. |
This section describes the procedures for installing or replacing a Cisco 12000 series line card. (Refer to the section "Guidelines for Line Card Removal and Installation" before removing a line card while power to the system is ON.)
| Caution To avoid erroneous failure messages, remove or insert only one line card at a time. Also, after inserting or removing a line card, allow at least 15 seconds before removing or inserting another line card, so that the system can reinitialize and note the current configuration of all interfaces. |
You can remove and replace line cards while the system is operating; you do not need to notify the software or reset the system power. This functionality allows you to add, remove, or replace line cards with the system online, which provides a method that is seamless to end users on the network, maintains all routing information, and ensures session preservation.
After you reinstall a line card, the system automatically downloads the necessary software from the GRP. After that, the system brings online only those interfaces that match the current configuration and were previously configured as up. You must configure all others with the configure command. (For QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card configuration information, refer to the section "Configuring the Interfaces on the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS Line Card" later in this document.)
| Caution The system can indicate a hardware failure if you do not follow proper procedures. Remove or insert only one line card at a time. Allow at least 15 seconds for the system to complete the preceding tasks before removing or inserting another line card. |
Each line card has two ejector levers that allow you to release the card from its backplane connector when you are removing the line card, and to firmly seat the line card in its backplane connector when you are installing the line card. The ejector levers align and seat the card connectors in the backplane.
When you remove a line card, always use the ejector levers to ensure that the card connector pins disconnect from the backplane in the logical sequence expected by the system. Any card that is only partially connected to the backplane can halt the system.
Similarly, when you install a line card, always use the ejector levers to ensure that the card is correctly aligned with the backplane connector, the card connector pins make contact with the backplane in the correct order, and the card is fully seated in the backplane. A card that is only partially seated in the backplane will cause the system to hang and, subsequently, crash.
To remove line card interface cables, use Figure 9 as a reference and perform the following steps:
Step 1 Attach an ESD wrist strap to your wrist and to the ESD connection socket on the chassis or to a bare metal surface on the chassis or frame.
Step 2 Disconnect and remove the line card interface cables and line card cable-management bracket.
(a) Disconnect the interface cable connectors from the line card interface ports.
(b) Use a 3/16-inch flat-blade screwdriver to loosen the captive installation screws at the ends of the line card cable-management bracket.
(c) Detach the line card cable-management bracket from the line card and set it aside.
If you are replacing a failed line card, remove the existing card first, then install the new line card in the same slot. Line cards support online insertion and removal, meaning you can remove and replace line cards while the system remains powered up. To remove a line card, use Figure 10 as a reference and perform the following steps:
Step 1 Use a 3/16-inch flat-blade screwdriver to loosen the captive screw at each end of the line card faceplate. (See Figure 10a)
| Caution When you remove a line card, always use the ejector levers to ensure that the card connector pins disconnect from the backplane in the logical sequence expected by the system. Any card that is only partially connected to the backplane can halt the system. |
Step 2 Simultaneously pivot the ejector levers away from each other to release the line card from the backplane connector. (See Figure 10b)
Step 3 Grasp the ejector levers and pull the line card halfway out of the slot.
Step 4 Grasp the line card faceplate with one hand and pull the line card straight out of the slot, keeping your other hand under the line card to guide it. (See Figure 10c) Avoid touching the line card printed circuit board, components, or any connector pins.
Step 5 Place the removed line card on an antistatic mat or foam pad, or place it in an antistatic bag if you plan to return it to the factory.
Step 6 If the line card slot is to remain empty, install a line card blank (Cisco part number 800-03004-01) to keep dust out of the chassis and to maintain proper airflow through the line card compartment. Secure the line card blank to the chassis by tightening its captive screws.
A line card slides into any available line card slot and connects directly to the backplane.
If you install a new line card, you must first remove the line card blank from the available slot. Refer to the procedures in the section "Removing a Line Card" earlier in this document.
| Caution The system can indicate a hardware failure if you do not follow proper procedures. Remove or insert only one line card at a time. Allow at least 15 seconds for the system to complete the preceding tasks before removing or inserting another line card. |
Use the following procedure to install a line card:
Step 1 Ensure that a console terminal is connected to the GRP console port and that the console is turned ON.
Step 2 Attach an ESD wrist strap to your wrist and to the ESD connection socket on the chassis or to a bare metal surface on the chassis or frame.
Step 3 Choose an available line card slot for the line card, and verify that the line card's interface cable is long enough for you to connect the line card with any external equipment.
| Caution To prevent ESD damage, handle line cards by the card carrier edges only. |
Step 4 Grasp the faceplate of the line card with one hand and place your other hand under the card carrier to support the weight of the card; position the card for insertion into the card cage slot. Avoid touching the line card printed circuit board, components, or any connector pins.
Step 5 Carefully slide the line card into the slot until the ejector levers make contact with the edges of the card cage, then stop. Make sure the ejector lever hooks catch the lip of the card cage. (See Figure 11)
| Caution When you install a line card, always use the ejector levers to ensure that the card is correctly aligned with the backplane connector, the card connector pins make contact with the backplane in the correct order, and that the card is fully seated in the backplane. A card that is only partially seated in the backplane will cause the system to hang and, subsequently, crash. |
Step 6 Simultaneously pivot both ejector levers toward each other until they are perpendicular to the line card faceplate. This action firmly seats the card in the backplane.
Step 7 Use a 3/16-inch flat-blade screwdriver to tighten the captive screw on each end of the line card faceplate to ensure proper EMI shielding and to prevent the line card from becoming partially dislodged from the backplane. (These screws must be tightened to meet EMI specifications.)
| Caution To ensure adequate space for additional line cards, always tighten the captive installation screws on each newly installed line card before you insert any additional line cards. These screws also prevent accidental removal and provide proper grounding and EMI shielding for the system. |
Step 8 Reinstall the line card cable-management bracket (see Figure 9):
(a) Unhook the line card cable-management bracket from the chassis cable-management tray or bracket.
(b) Position the line card cable-management bracket over the front of the line card faceplate.
(c) Insert and tighten the captive screw at each end of the line card cable-management bracket to secure the bracket to the line card.
Step 9 Plug the interface cable connectors into their original ports on the line card faceplate.
This section contains the following procedures:
In the following procedure, it is assumed that you have installed a new line card in the router. You must also install a line card cable-management bracket on the line card.
To install a line card cable-management bracket on a line card, perform the following steps:
Step 1 Attach an ESD wrist strap to your wrist and to the ESD connection socket on the chassis or to a bare metal surface on the chassis or frame.
Step 2 Attach the line card cable-management bracket to the line card as follows:
(a) Position the line card cable-management bracket over the front of the line card faceplate.
(b) Insert and tighten the captive screw at each end of the line card cable-management bracket to secure the bracket to the line card.
Step 3 Starting with the bottom port on the line card, connect each interface cable to the intended port. (See Figure 12a)
Step 4 Carefully press the interface cable into the cable clip on the end of the cable standoff as shown in Figure 12b. Avoid any kinks or sharp bends in cable.
Step 5 Proceeding upward, carefully press the interface cable into the cable-routing clips along the base of the line card cable-management bracket. (See Figure 12c)
Step 6 Repeat Step 3 through Step 5 for all of the interface cables on the line card ports.
To remove the interface cables from a line card cable-management bracket and to remove the cable-management bracket from a line card, perform the following steps:
Step 1 Attach an ESD wrist strap to your wrist and to the ESD connection socket on the chassis or to a bare metal surface on the chassis or frame.
Step 2 On a piece of paper, note the current interface cable connections to the ports on each line card.
Step 3 Starting with the interface cable for the bottom port on the line card (for cards with multiple ports), disconnect the cable from the line card port. (See Figure 13a)
Step 4 Proceeding upward, remove the interface cable from the cable clip on the end of the cable standoff. (See Figure 13b)
Step 5 Remove the interface cable from the cable-routing clips along the base of the line card cable-management bracket. (See Figure 13c)
Repeat Step 3 through Step 5 for any other interface cables on the line card ports, then proceed to Step 6.
Step 6 Loosen the captive installation screw at each end of the line card cable-management bracket and remove the bracket from the line card.
After you have installed the line card and connected the interface cables, verify that the line card is working properly by checking the LEDs on the faceplate of the line card. Each QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card provides the following two types of LEDs (see Figure 2) for monitoring the operating status of the line card:
During a typical line card boot process, the following events occur:
To verify that the line card is working properly, perform the following operational checks:
There are two, 4-digit alphanumeric LED displays at one end of the faceplate, near the ejector lever. These LEDs display messages telling you the state of the card. In general, the LEDs do not turn on until the GRP has discovered and powered up the card. It is normal for a message displayed as part of a sequence or process to appear too briefly for it to be read.
As it boots, the line card displays a sequence of messages that is similar to that shown in Table 4.
| LED Display1 | Meaning | Source |
|---|---|---|
MROM | The MBus microcode begins to execute; nnnn is the microcode version number. For example, microcode version 1.17 would display as 0117.2 This display might not be visible because it occurs for only a brief time. | MBus controller |
LMEM | Testing low memory on the line card. | Line card ROM monitor |
LROM | Low memory test complete. | Line card ROM monitor |
BSS | Initializing main memory. | Line card ROM monitor |
RST | Saving the contents of the reset reason register. | Line card ROM monitor |
IO | Accessing Reset I/O register. | Line card ROM monitor |
EXPT | Initializing Interrupt handlers. | Line card ROM monitor |
TLB | Initializing TLB. | Line card ROM monitor |
CACH | Initializing CPU data and instruction cache. | Line card ROM monitor |
MEM | Initializing the size of main memory on the line card. | Line card ROM monitor |
LROM | The ROM is ready for the download attempt. | Line card ROM monitor |
ROMI | Loading the ROM image into line card memory. | GRP IOS software |
FABL | The line card is waiting for the loading of the fabric downloader.3 | GRP IOS software |
FABL | Loading the fabric downloader into line card memory. | GRP IOS software |
FABL | Launching the fabric downloader. | GRP IOS software |
FABL | The fabric downloader has been launched and is running. | GRP IOS software |
IOS | Downloading the Cisco IOS software into line card memory. | GRP IOS software |
IOS | Launching the Cisco IOS software. | GRP IOS software |
IOS | The Cisco IOS software is running. | GRP IOS software |
IOS | The line card is enabled and ready for use. | GRP IOS software |
| 1The LED sequence shown in Table 4 might occur too quickly for you to view; therefore, this sequence is provided in this tabular form as a baseline for how the line cards should function at startup. 2The version of MBus microcode running on your system might be different. 3The fabric downloader loads the Cisco IOS software image onto the line card. |
Table 5 lists other messages displayed on the line card alphanumeric LED display.
| LED Display | Meaning | Source |
|---|---|---|
MRAM | The MBus microcode begins to execute; nnnn is the microcode version number. For example, microcode version 1.17 would display as 0117. This display might not be visible because it occurs for only a brief time. | MBus controller |
MAL | Card malfunction. | GRP |
PWR | Card not powered. | GRP |
PWR | Card powered. | GRP |
IN | In reset. | GRP |
RSET | Reset complete. | GRP |
MBUS | MBus agent downloading. | GRP |
MBUS | MBus agent download complete. | GRP |
ROMI | Getting ROM images. | GRP |
ROMI | Acquisition of ROM image complete. | GRP |
MSTR | Waiting for mastership determination. | GRP |
CLOK | Waiting for slot clock configuration. | GRP |
CLOK | Slot clock configuration done. | GRP |
FABL | Loading fabric downloader complete. | GRP |
FABI | Waiting for fabric initialization to complete. | GRP |
IOS | Downloading of Cisco IOS software is complete. | GRP |
BMA | Cisco IOS software BMA error. | GRP |
FIA | Cisco IOS fabric interface ASIC configuration error. | GRP |
CARV | Buffer carving failure. | GRP |
DUMP | Line card requesting a core dump. | GRP |
DUMP | Line card dumping core. | GRP |
DUMP | Line card core dump complete. | GRP |
DIAG | Diagnostic mode. | GRP |
FDAG | Downloading field diagnostics. | GRP |
FDAG | Launching field diagnostics. | GRP |
POST | Launching power-on self-test (POST). | GRP |
UNKN | Unknown state. | GRP |
Next to each port on the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card are three green LEDs: Active, Carrier, and Rx Pkt. These LEDs signal the status of the port, as explained in Table 6.
| LED State | Explanation | ||
| Active | Carrier | Rx Pkt | |
Off | Off | Off | Port is off. |
On | Off | Off | Port is on. |
On | On | Off | Line protocol is up. |
On | On | Flash | Line card is receiving data. |
The Rx Pkt LED flashes when data is being transmitted or received.
The status LEDs on the line card might not go on until you have configured the line card interfaces (or turned them on if they were shut down). In order to verify correct operation of each interface, complete the configuration procedures for the line card (refer to "Configuring the Interfaces on the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS Line Card," later in this publication).
If the Active LED on a line card does not come on, verify the following conditions:
To verify that the line card is connected correctly, perform the following procedure:
Step 1 While the system reinitializes each interface, observe the console display messages and verify that the system discovers the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card. If all of the following conditions are true, the system should recognize the interface, but leave the interface configured as down:
Step 2 When the reinitialization is complete, verify that the Active LED on the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card is on and remains on. If the LED stays on, proceed to Step 5. If the Active LED does not stay on, proceed to Step 3.
Step 3 If the Active LED on the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card fails to go on, determine if the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card board connector is fully seated in the backplane. Loosen the captive installation screws and firmly pivot the ejector levers toward each other until both are perpendicular to the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card faceplate. Tighten the captive installation screws.
After the system reinitializes the interfaces, the Active LED on the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card should go on. If the Active LED goes on, proceed to Step 5. If the Active LED does not go on, proceed to the next step.
Step 4 If the Active LED still fails to go on, remove the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card and try installing it in another available line card slot.
Step 5 Use the show interfaces command to verify the status of the interface. (If the interface is not configured, you must use the procedures in the section "Configuring the Interfaces on the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS Line Card.")
If an error message displays on the console terminal, refer to the appropriate reference publication for error message definitions. If you experience other problems that you are unable to solve, contact a service representative for assistance.
For more information on troubleshooting and diagnostics, consult the installation and configuration guide that came with your Cisco 12000 series router.
This section provides procedures for configuring the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card.
If you installed a new QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card or want to change the configuration of an existing interface, you must enter configure mode. Table 7 shows the default configuration of an enabled line card. For more information, see the section "Customizing the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS Line Card Configuration" later in this section.
| Parameter | Configuration Command | Default Value |
|---|---|---|
Keepalive | [no] keepalive | keepalive |
Encapsulation | encapsulation [hdlc | ppp] | hdlc |
Cisco Discovery Protocol (cdp) | [no] cdp enable | cdp enable |
Maximum transmission unit (mtu) | [no] mtu bytes | 4470 bytes |
Framing | pos framing [sdh | sonet] | SONET OC |
Bandwidth | [no] bandwidth kilobits | 622000 |
SONET overhead | pos flag [c2 value] [j0 value] [s1s0 value] | c2 set to 0xcf; j0 set to 0xcc;s1s0 set to 0 |
Loop internal | [no] loop [internal | line] | No loopback |
POS SPE scrambling | [no] pos scramble-atm | no POS SPE scramble |
Cyclic Redundancy Check | crc [16 | 32] | 32 |
Clock source | clock source [internal | line] | Line |
After you verify that the new QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card is installed correctly, use the configure command to configure the new interface. Be prepared with the information you will need, such as the interface IP address.
The following procedure is for creating a basic configuration---enabling an interface and specifying IP routing. You might also need to enter other configuration subcommands, depending on the requirements for your system configuration. For descriptions of configuration subcommands and the configuration options available, refer to the appropriate software publications listed in the section "Important Information."
A Cisco 12000 series router identifies an interface address by its line card slot number and port number, in the format slot/port. For example, the slot/port address of an interface on an QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card installed in line card slot 1, port 0 is 1/0.
Before using the configure command, you must enter the privileged level of the EXEC command interpreter with the enable command. The system will prompt you for a password if one is set.
Use the following procedure to configure the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card. Press the Return key after each configuration step, unless otherwise noted.
Step 1 Confirm that the system recognizes the card by entering the show version command:
Router# show version
For an example of output from the show version command, see the section "Using show Commands to Check System Status," later in this document.
Step 2 Check the status of each port by entering the show interface command:
Router# show interface
For an example of output from the show interface command, see the section "Using show Commands to Check System Status," later in this document.
Step 3 Enter configure mode and specify that the console terminal will be the source of the configuration subcommands:
Router# configure terminal
Step 4 Enable IP routing by entering the ip routing command:
Router(config)# ip routing
Step 5 At the prompt, specify the new interface to configure by entering the interface command, followed by the type (pos) and slot/port (line card slot number/port number). The example that follows is for an QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card in line card slot 1:
Router(config)# interface pos 1/0
Step 6 Assign an IP address and subnet mask to the interface with the ip address configuration subcommand, as in the following example:
Router(config-if)# ip address 10.1.2.3 255.0.0.0
Step 7 Verify that HDLC encapsulation is correct for this interface. If you need to change the encapsulation, use the encapsulation command:
Router(config-if)# encapsulation encapsulation-type
where encapsulation-type is one of the keywords hdlc or ppp.
Step 8 Verify that the default value for clock source is correct. Use the default value line whenever clocking is derived from the network.
The command clock source internal is typically used when two Cisco 12000 series routers are connected back-to-back or are connected over dark fiber where no clocking is available. In either case, each device should have its clock source set to internal.
Router(config-if)# clock source {line | internal}
Step 9 Change the shutdown state to up and enable the interface, by entering:
Router(config-if)# no shutdown
The no shutdown command passes an enable command to the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card. It also sends configuration commands to the line card, based on the previous configuration commands.
Step 10 Turn off keepalive messages:
Router(config-if)# no keepalive
Cisco 12000 series routers do not require keepalive messages.
Step 11 Turn off the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP):
Router(config-if)# no cdp enable
Cisco 12000 series routers do not require CDP.
Step 12 Turn off IP multicast fast switching:
Router(config-if)# no mroute-cache
Step 13 Set the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value to 32 (on both devices):
Router(config-if)# crc 32
Step 14 Add any other configuration subcommands required to enable routing protocols and adjust the interface characteristics.
Step 15 When you have included all of the configuration subcommands to complete the configuration, enter ^Z (hold down the Control key while you press Z) to exit configuration mode.
Step 16 Write the new configuration to memory:
Router# copy running-config startup-config
The system displays an OK message when the configuration has been stored.
After you have completed your configuration, you can check it using show commands. For an explanation of show commands, see the section "Using show Commands to Check System Status."
This section documents new commands. Other commands used in line card configuration are documented in the Cisco IOS Release 11.2 command reference publications.
You can change the default values of all QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card configuration parameters to match your network environment. Perform the tasks in the following sections if you need to customize the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card configuration:
The QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS interface is referred to as pos in the configuration commands. An interface is created for each OC-12c/STM-4c POS line card found in the system at reset time. To select a specific QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS interface, use the interface pos slot/port command:
Router(config)# interface pos slot/port
where slot is the number of the slot in which the QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card is installed, and port is the port number.
The pos framing command allows you to set framing to SONET OC or SDH STM. The default is SONET OC.
Router(config-if)# pos framing [sdh|sonet]
The pos flag command allows you to specify values for the specific elements of the frame header.
Router(config-if)# pos flag [c2 value] [j0 value] [s1s0 value]
where
The POS scrambling command allows you to scramble the POS SPE payload. The default is no POS SPE scramble.
Router(config-if)# [no] pos scramble-atm
Each Cisco 12000 series line card maintains information about its configuration, traffic, errors, and so on. You can access this information by using the show commands. Following are descriptions and examples of the show commands that display line card information and system status.
Router# show interface pos 9/0
POS9/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Packet over SONET
Internet address is 9.1.1.1/24
MTU 4470 bytes, BW 622000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, crc 32, loopback set (internal)
Keepalive not set
Scramble disabled
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters 4d00h
Queueing strategy:fifo
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 parity
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 applique, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
0 carrier transitions
Router# show diag 9
SLOT 9 (RP/LC 9 ):4 Port E.D. Packet Over SONET OC-12c/STM-4 Single Mode
MAIN:type 37, 65535-16777215-255 rev 71 dev 0
HW config:0x00 SW key:FF-FF-FF
PCA: 65535-16777215-255 rev 71 ver 1
HW version 1.1 S/N CAB021200CB
MBUS:MBUS Agent (1) 73-2146-06 rev A0 dev 0
HW version 1.1 S/N CAB021200CB
Test hist:0xFF RMA#:FF-FF-FF RMA hist:0xFF
DIAG:Test count:0xFFFFFFFF Test results:0xFFFFFFFF
MBUS Agent Software version 01.35 (RAM) (ROM version is 01.33)
Using CAN Bus A
ROM Monitor version 00.0F
Fabric Downloader version used 00.12 (ROM version is 00.12)
Board is analyzed
Board State is Line Card Enabled (IOS RUN )
Insertion time:00:00:11 (1w5d ago)
DRAM size:33554432 bytes
FrFab SDRAM size:134217728 bytes
ToFab SDRAM size:67108864 bytes
Router# show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) GS Software (GSR-P-M), 11.2(14)GS3 [112.g 164] Copyright (c) 1986-1998 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Wed 21-Oct-98 14:22 Image text-base:0x60010900, data-base:0x60694000 ROM:System Bootstrap, Version 11.2(14)GS3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) BOOTFLASH:GS Software (GSR-BOOT-M), Version 11.2(14)GS3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) UConn uptime is 1 week, 5 days, 2 hours, 52 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is booted via tftp from 223.255.254.254 cisco 12012/GRP (R5000) processor (revision 0x01) with 65536K bytes of memory. R5000 processor, Implementation 35, Revision 2.1 (512KB Level 2 Cache) Last reset from power-on 1 Clock Scheduler Card(s) 3 Switch Fabric Card(s) 1 four-port OC3 POS controller (4 POS). 1 OC12 POS controller (1 POS). 1 four-port OC12 POS E.D. controller (4 POS). 1 OC48 POS E.D. controller (1 POS). 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 10 Packet over SONET network interface(s) 507K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 20480K bytes of Flash PCMCIA card at slot 0 (Sector size 128K). 8192K bytes of Flash internal SIMM (Sector size 256K). Configuration register is 0x0
Router# show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 11.2(14)GS3 no service udp-small-servers no service tcp-small-servers ! hostname router ! enable secret 1111111111111111 enable password xxxxx ! ip host router 172.27.136.253 ip host router 171.69.209.28 ip domain-name cisco.com ip name-server 171.69.209.10 clock timezone EST -5 clock summer-time EDT recurring ! interface POS0/0 no ip address shutdown crc 32 ! interface POS0/1 no ip address shutdown crc 32 ! (remainder of displayed text omitted from example)
The following is an example of configuration file commands for a Cisco 12000 series router (first router) with an QOC-12c/STM-4c Layer 3 POS line card in slot 3 connected back-to-back with a Cisco 7500 series router (second router) with a POSIP card in slot 3:
First router:
interface pos 3/0 ip address 10.1.2.3 255.0.0.0 clock source internal no shutdown no keepalive no cdp enable no ip mroute-cache crc 32
Second router:
interface pos 3/0 ip address 10.1.2.4 255.0.0.0 clock source line no shutdown no keepalive no cdp enable crc 32
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense.
You can determine whether your equipment is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the Cisco equipment or one of its peripheral devices. If the equipment causes interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures:
Modifications to this product not authorized by Cisco Systems, Inc. could void the FCC approval and negate your authority to operate the product.
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Posted: Wed Dec 15 16:39:15 PST 1999
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