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This chapter discusses the initial configuration of the LightStream 1010 ATM switch processor (ASP), and includes the following sections:
The LightStream 1010 ATM switch defaults to a working configuration suitable for most networks. However, you might need to customize the configuration for your network.
The LightStream 1010 ATM switch ships with a preconfigured ATM address assigned by Cisco Systems. This feature allows the switch to automatically establish itself as a node in a single-level Private Network-Network Interface (PNNI) routing domain and automatically configure any attached end systems using the Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI) protocol.
The PNNI and ILMI protocols, when used with IP address autoconfiguration mechanisms like BOOTP, allow the ASP to be entirely self-configured. Through network management applications and the text-based command-line interface (CLI), the network operator has the capability to configure and customize all aspects of the operation of the switch.
You must assign an IP address to allow up to eight simultaneous Telnet sessions to connect to the switch or to use Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) network management for the switch. The Ethernet IP address can be assigned either manually or by a BOOTP server. Refer to the section "Configuring Ethernet IP Interface Parameters" later in this chapter.
Record the following information before you begin to configure the LightStream 1010 ATM switch:
Before you configure your switch, also complete the ASP port configuration worksheet in the section "Port Configuration Worksheets" in the appendix "Configuration Worksheets" of the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Software Configuration Guide.
Complete all interface and power connections described in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Hardware Installation Guide and the port adapter module connections described in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PAM Installation Guide before beginning to configure the switch.
Before you power on the system, make sure you have:
All configuration tasks are performed from your terminal emulation program window.
Power on your console and LightStream 1010 ATM switch. Messages similar to the following appear in your terminal emulation program window:
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) PNNI Software (LS1010-P-M), Version XX.X(X) WA3(X)a,
Copyright (c) 1986-1997 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Wed 10-Apr-97 06:11 by
Image text-base: 0x600108C0, data-base: 0x602E8000
cisco ASP1 (R4600) processor with 16384K bytes of memory.
R4600 processor, Implementation 32, Revision 2.0
Last reset from power-on
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface.
16 ATM network interfaces.
125K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of Flash PCMCIA card at slot 0 (Sector size 128K).
8192K bytes of Flash internal SIMM (Sector size 256K).
Press RETURN to get started!
Switch>
Enter the show hardware command to verify the installed hardware part and serial numbers:
Switch# show hardware LS1010 named Switch, Date: 15:28:50 UTC Thu Dec 19 1996 Feature Card's FPGA Download Version: 8 Slot Ctrlr-Type Part No. Rev Ser No Mfg Date RMA No. Hw Vrs Tst EEP ---- ------------ ---------- -- -------- --------- -------- ------- --- - 3/0 155MM PAM 73-1496-03 A0 03518499 Apr 17 96 00-00-00 3.1 0 2 3/1 155MM PAM 73-1496-03 A0 02831932 Jul 12 96 00-00-00 3.1 0 2 4/0 155MM PAM 73-1496-03 00 03115086 Oct 31 96 00-00-00 3.1 0 2 4/1 155MM PAM 73-1496-03 A0 05406523 Mar 26 97 00-00-00 3.1 0 2 2/0 ATM Swi/Proc 73-1402-06 A0 03201406 Jun 06 97 00-00-00 4.0 0 2 2/1 FC-PFQ 73-2281-04 01 05434424 Jul 17 97 00-00-00 4.1 0 2 DS1201 Backplane EEPROM: Model Ver. Serial MAC-Address MAC-Size RMA RMA-Number MFG-Date ------ ---- -------- ------------ -------- --- ---------- ----------- LS1010 2 68000003 00400B0A1080 256 0 0 Jan 19 1996 Switch#
The LightStream 1010 ATM switch should now be operating correctly and transferring data. To confirm that the hardware and software installation and configuration procedures were successful, refer to the chapter "Checking the ASP Installation."
Several system parameters should be set as part of the initial system configuration. These system parameters make troubleshooting and configuring the switch easier.
Take these steps:
| Step | Command | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Switch> enable Switch# | Enter privileged EXEC mode. |
| 2 | Switch# clock set hh:mm:ss | Set the current time in military format, where hh:mm:ss is the time in hours, minutes, and seconds. |
| 3 | Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# | Enter global configuration mode. |
| 4 | Switch(config)# hostname name_string | Enter a system name. |
You can set up the LightStream 1010 ATM switch to retrieve its Ethernet IP address from a BOOTP server. Add the MAC and Ethernet IP addresses to the BOOTP configuration file on the BOOTP server. This configuration allows the LightStream 1010 ATM switch to use the BOOTP protocol to retrieve an Ethernet IP address from the BOOTP server.
The switch performs a BOOTP request only if the current IP address is set to 0.0.0.0 on the switch. (This setting is the default for a new switch or a switch without a configuration file.)
Take these steps:
| Step | Command | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | Install the BOOTP server code on the workstation (BOOTP server) if it is not already installed. |
| 2 | - | Locate the switch MAC address on the label attached to the front of the switch. |
| 3 | - | Add an entry to the BOOTP configuration file (usually /usr/etc/bootptab) for each switch. Press Return after each entry to create a blank line between each entry. Figure 3-1 shows an example of a BOOTP configuration file. |
| 4 | Switch> enable
Password: Switch# | Enter privileged EXEC mode. |
| 5 | Switch# reload | Reload the LightStream 1010 ATM switch to request the IP address from the BOOTP server. |
# /etc/bootptab: database for bootp server (/etc/bootpd) # # Blank lines and lines beginning with '#' are ignored. # # Legend: # # first field -- hostname # (may be full domain name and probably should be) # # hd -- home directory # bf -- bootfile # cs -- cookie servers # ds -- domain name servers # gw -- gateways # ha -- hardware address # ht -- hardware type # im -- impress servers # ip -- host IP address # lg -- log servers # lp -- LPR servers # ns -- IEN-116 name servers # rl -- resource location protocol servers # sm -- subnet mask # tc -- template host (points to similar host entry) # to -- time offset (seconds) # ts -- time servers # # Be careful about including backslashes where they're needed. Weird (bad) # things can happen when a backslash is omitted where one is intended. # # First, we define a global entry which specifies the stuff every host uses. <Additional display messages omitted.> ######################################################################### # Start of individual host entries ######################################################################### switch: tc=netcisco0: ha=0000.0ca7.ce00: ip=192.31.7.97: dross: tc=netcisco0: ha=00000c000139: ip=192.31.7.26: <Additional display messages omitted.>
When you power on the switch for the first time, the ATM interfaces are automatically configured on the physical ports. PNNI and the physical card type are used to automatically derive the ATM interface type, User-Network Interface (UNI) version, maximum virtual path identifier (VPI) and virtual channel identifier (VCI) bits, ATM interface side, and ATM UNI type.
If ILMI is disabled or if the connecting end node does not support ILMI, defaults are assigned to all interfaces. For more information, refer to the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch PAM Installation Guide.
You can configure three different IP addresses on the LightStream 1010 ATM switch:
Use one of the following methods:
Configure the interface to communicate with the central processor unit (CPU) or Ethernet interface 2/0/0 (13/0/0 on the Catalyst 5500 switch).
Provide the IP address and subnet mask bits for the interface as follows:
Refer to the chapter "Initially Configuring the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch" in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Software Configuration Guide for detailed IP configuration information.
Both PNNI and IISP ATM routing modes are available in the PNNI software image. The default routing mode is PNNI. To restrict the routing mode to static (comparable to Cisco IOS Release 11.1 IISP image), enter the atm routing-mode static global configuration command. Refer to the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Software Configuration Guide for more information.
The following subsections describe modifications you can make to the default PNNI or IISP routing configurations:
For detailed descriptions of these routing protocols, refer to the section "ATM Routing" in the chapter "LightStream 1010 Product Overview" in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Software Configuration Guide
The PNNI routing protocol automatically creates peer groups that are a collection of logical nodes, each of which exchanges information with the other members of the group, so that all members maintain an identical view of the group. For example, hellos, database synchronization, and flooding are carried out among members of the same peer group. All members of the same peer group must have the same 13-byte PNNI prefix in the ATM address. A peer group can be considered similar to either open shortest path first (OSPF) or IP routing domains, depending on usage. This peer group configuration information is in the hierarchy database stored within each switch and is updated regularly.
To manually configure two autonomous peer groups into one, all members of the peer group must have the same peer group ID in their ATM address. The following subsections describe the manual PNNI peer-group modification process:
Enter the show atm pnni node command to determine which peer-group IDs to modify. The peer-group ID is shown on the sixth line from the top of the following example display:
Switch# show atm pnni node PNNI node 1 is enabled and running Node name: ls1010_c5500 System address 47.009181000000000100000001.000100000001.00 Node ID 56:160:47.009181000000000100000001.000100000001.00 Peer group ID 56:47.0091.8100.0000.0000.0000.0000 Level 56, Priority 0, No. of interfaces 8, No. of neighbors 0 Node Allows Transit Calls Hello interval 15 sec, inactivity factor 5, Hello hold-down 10 tenths of sec Ack-delay 10 tenths of sec, retransmit interval 5 sec, Resource poll interval 5 sec PTSE refresh interval 1800 sec, lifetime factor 200 percent, Min PTSE interval 10 tenths of sec Auto summarization: on, Supported PNNI versions: newest 1, oldest 1 Default administrative weight mode: uniform Max admin weight percentage: -1 Next resource poll in 3 seconds Max PTSEs requested per PTSE request packet: 32 Redistributing static routes: Yes Switch#
You can configure multiple addresses for a single switch that can be used during address migration. ILMI registers end systems with multiple prefixes during this period until an old address is removed. PNNI automatically summarizes all switch prefixes in its reachable address advertisement.
To change the peer-group ID manually, take these steps:
The following example shows how to configure the peer-group manually:
Switch>enableSwitch#configure terminalSwitch(config)# atm address 47.0091.8100.5670.0000.0ca7.ce01... Switch(config)# no atm address 47.0091.8100.1200.0000.0ca7.ce01... Switch(config)# atm router pnni Switch(config-atm-rout)# node 1 disable Switch(config-atm-rout)# node 1 level 96 Switch(config-pnni-nod)# node 1 enable
You can configure a static route to an interface so that all ATM address prefixes that match the static route will be forwarded through that interface.
The following example shows how to configure a static route with a 13-byte switch prefix of 47.0091.8100.567.0000.0ca7.ce01 to interface 3/0/0:
Switch>enableSwitch#configure terminalSwitch(config)# atm route 47.0091.8100.567.0000.0ca7.ce01 atm 3/0/0
The LightStream 1010 ATM switch is preconfigured with an ATM address using a hierarchical addressing model similar to Open System Interconnection (OSI) network service access point (NSAP) addresses. PNNI uses this hierarchy to construct ATM peer groups. ILMI uses the first 13 bytes of the address as the switch prefix that it registers with end systems.
During initial startup, the LightStream 1010 ATM switch generates an ATM address using the default ATM address format shown in Figure 3-2.
A description of each byte of the ATM address format follows:
The features and implications of using the default address format follow:
To configure a new ATM address that replaces the previous ATM address when running IISP software only, refer to the section "Configure the ATM Address" in the chapter "Configuring ILMI" in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Software Configuration Guide.
To configure a new ATM address that replaces the previous ATM address and generates a new PNNI node ID and peer-group ID, refer to the section "Configure PNNI Node" in the chapter "Configuring ATM Routing and PNNI" in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Software Configuration Guide.
You can configure multiple addresses for a single switch that can be used during ATM address migration. ILMI registers end systems with multiple prefixes during this period until an old address is removed. PNNI automatically summarizes all of the switch prefixes in its reachable address advertisement.
If you want to use an ATM address other than the preconfigured ATM address, enter the atm address global configuration command to manually assign a 20-byte ATM address to the switch. The atm address command address_template variable can be a full 20-byte address or a 13-byte prefix followed by ellipsis (...). Entering the ellipsis automatically adds one of the switch's 6-byte MAC addresses in the ESI portion and 0 in the selector portion of the address.
 | Caution ATM addressing can lead to conflicts if not configured correctly. If you are configuring a new ATM address, you must also remove the old address from the configuration. |
Refer to the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Software Configuration Guide for more information.
SNMP, an application-layer protocol, facilitates the exchange of Management Information Bases (MIBs) between network devices. SNMP community strings authenticate access to the MIB and function as embedded "passwords."
To manually configure the LightStream 1010 ATM switch for SNMP, refer to the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Software Configuration Guide.
You can copy, delete, and configure files between the onboard Flash memory SIMM (bootflash), Flash memory (PCMCIA) cards, and network servers.
The subsections that follow contain information about the memory file system commands:
This section describes some of the commands you can use with the onboard Flash memory SIMM (bootflash) and Flash memory (PCMCIA) cards.
Enter the pwd privileged EXEC command to determine which file system device you are accessing:
Switch# pwd bootflash
Enter the cd [bootflash: | slot0: | slot1:] privileged EXEC command to move between Flash memory media:
Switch# cd slot0: Switch# pwd slot0 Switch#
Enter the dir [bootflash: | slot0: | slot1:] privileged EXEC command to list the directory of any Flash memory media:
Switch# dir -#- -length- -----date/time------ name 1 5393 May 03 1996 15:32:57 startup-config 2 1814648 Jul 15 1996 10:29:34 ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.005 3 1819888 Aug 20 1996 15:22:21 ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018 2428436 bytes available (5566956 bytes used) Switch#
Enter the delete privileged EXEC command to mark a file for deletion from any Flash memory media:
Switch# delete ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.005 Switch# dir -#- -length- -----date/time------ name 1 5393 May 03 1996 15:32:57 startup-config 3 1819888 Aug 20 1996 15:22:21 ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018 2428436 bytes available (5566956 bytes used) Switch#
To verify that the delete command was successful, enter the dir command.
The squeeze privileged EXEC command permanently removes files marked for deletion, and pushes all other undeleted files together to eliminate spaces between them:
Switch# squeeze slot0:
All deleted files will be removed, proceed? [confirm]y
Squeeze operation may take a while, proceed? [confirm]yebESESESESESESESESESESESE
SESESZ
Switch# dir
-#- -length- -----date/time------ name
1 5393 May 03 1996 15:32:57 startup-config
2 1819888 Aug 20 1996 15:22:21 ls1010-wp-mz.111-3.018
6169852 bytes available (1825540 bytes used)
Switch#
To prevent data loss due to sudden power loss, the "squeezed" data is temporarily saved to another location of Flash memory specifically allocated for that purpose.
In the preceding command display output, the character:
The squeeze command operation keeps a log of which functions have been performed so that if a power failure occurs, the system continues the process when the power comes back on. The character "Z" means this log was erased after the successful squeeze command operation.
A Flash memory card shipped as part of a LightStream 1010 ATM switch contains a system image. A Flash memory card ordered as a spare part is blank and must be formatted before use. This section describes how to format a Flash memory card.
Take these steps:
Step 1 Enter the copy flash tftp EXEC command to copy any important files on the Flash memory card to a TFTP server before reformatting the card. The formatting procedure erases all information on the Flash memory card.
Step 2 Insert the Flash memory card into slot 0. (If slot 0 is not available, use slot 1.) Refer to the section "Installing and Removing Flash Memory Cards" in the chapter "Installing the ASP" for more information.
Step 3 Enter the format slot0: (or format slot1:) privileged EXEC command:
format slot0:
MyNewCard
The new Flash memory card is now formatted and ready to use.
As future releases of Cisco IOS system images become available, you can receive them either as a file booted from a network server, a file on floppy disk, or a file on a Flash memory card.
The example that follows describes how to use a new image on a Flash memory card in slot 1 in a system that has an old image on a Flash memory card in slot 0, and a default boot image on the onboard Flash memory SIMM.
In the example, there are three files:
You can copy the new image from the new Flash memory card in slot 1 onto the Flash memory card in slot 0 that contains the old image.
The example that follows assumes that the new image fits on the Flash memory card in slot 0, beside the old image. If there is not enough space, use the delete command to mark the files for deletion from the Flash memory card until there is enough room for the new image; however, do not delete the image.old file. Then enter the squeeze command to remove the files marked for deletion from the Flash memory card. If, after you delete the files and use the squeeze command, the two files cannot coexist on the Flash memory card in slot 0, remove the card, then insert the new Flash memory card (with the file image.new) in slot 0. Enter the boot system flash slot0:image.new command to designate the file image.new as the default boot image.
Make sure both Flash memory cards are installed in slots 0 and 1, and power on the switch. To copy bootable images, take these steps:
Take these steps:
| Step | Command | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Switch> enable
Password: Switch# | Enter privileged EXEC mode. |
| 2 | Switch# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)# | Enter global configuration mode. |
| 3 | Switch(config)# boot system flash slot0:image.new | Enable booting from the file image.new on the Flash memory card in slot 0. |
| 4 | Switch(config)# config-reg 0x2102
| Disable Break. |
| 5 | Switch(config)# exit | Return to privileged EXEC mode. |
| 6 | Switch# copy running-config startup-config | Save the configuration to NVRAM. |
| 7 | Switch# reload | Reboot the system. When the system reloads, it boots the file image.new from the Flash memory card in slot 0. |
When you enter boot commands, be careful not to insert extra spaces, which influence the way the switch interprets the command. For example, notice the difference in the following commands:
Switch(config)#boot system flash slot0:myfile(correct command)Switch(config)#boot system flash slot0: myfile(incorrect command)
In the first case, the switch boots the file specified (myfile). In the second case, the switch finds the filename field blank and boots the first file on the Flash memory card.
Take these steps:
If the software image on your switch was updated or corrupted, you might want to replace the LightStream 1010 ATM switch system software by copying the image from a TFTP server to the onboard Flash memory.
| Step | Command | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Switch> enable
Password: Switch# | Enter privileged EXEC mode. |
| 2 | Switch# cd slot0: | Change directories to slot 0. |
| 3 | Switch# pwd
slot0 | Verify that you are in the slot 0 directory. |
| 4 | Switch# copy tftp flash | Copy a file from a TFTP server to Flash memory. |
| 5 | Enter source file name:ls1010-wi-mz_111-1 | Enter the name of the system image. In this example, the system image is ls1010-wi-mz_111-1. |
| 6 | Enter destination file name [ls1010-wi-m_1.083.bin.Z]: | Enter the destination file name. You can accept the default file name in square brackets or enter a new file name. |
| 7 | 5746016 bytes available on device slot0, proceed? [confirm] y | Enter y if there is enough space in Flash memory for the file you want to copy. |
| 8 | Address or name of remote host [172.69.1.129]?
!Accessing file "ls1010-wi-m_1.083.bin.Z" on dirt.cisco.com ...FOUND Loading ls1010-wi-m_1.083.bin.Z from 171.69.1.129 (via Ethernet2/0/0): !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | Enter the name or address of the remote host. You can accept the default address in square brackets or enter a new address. |
When you restart the system, the system loads the system image from Flash memory. You can enter the show version privileged EXEC command to display the current system image version:
Switch# show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) IISP Software (LS1010-WI-M), Version XX.X(X), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-199X by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 14-May-96 14:49 by integ
Image text-base: 0x600108B0, data-base: 0x602DE000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 201(1025), SOFTWARE
ls1010_c5500 uptime is 5 days, 23 hours, 28 minutes
System restarted by power-on
System image file is "bootflash:ls1010-wi-mz_111-1", booted via bootflash
cisco ASP (R4600) processor with 16384K bytes of memory.
R4600 processor, Implementation 32, Revision 2.0
Last reset from power-on
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface.
20 ATM network interfaces.
125K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of Flash internal SIMM (Sector size 256K).
Configuration register is 0x2102
Switch#
A locked block of Flash memory occurs when power is lost or a Flash memory card is unplugged during a write or erase operation. When a block of Flash memory is locked, it cannot be written to, erased, or copied from and the operation consistently fails at a particular block location. The only way to recover from locked blocks is by reformatting the Flash memory card with the format command.
| Caution Formatting a Flash memory card to recover from locked blocks causes you to lose existing data. |
When autoconfiguration and any manual configurations are complete, copy the configuration into nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM). If you power off the LightStream 1010 ATM switch prior to saving the configuration to NVRAM, all manual configuration changes are lost. Enter the copy running-config startup-config privileged EXEC command to save the configuration to NVRAM:
Switch>enableSwitch#copy running-config startup-configBuilding configuration... %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console [OK] Switch#
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